The ants of genus Syscia, are cryptic with an unequal distribution in Asia and the Americas; Currently, there are 34 species known in the New World, but only a mere 10 species are recognized in Asia. The New World species have been systematized, whereas Old World species are currently still at the stage of isolated species descriptions. Herewith a new species, namely Syscia chinensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on the worker caste. S. chinensis is the first species reported with 10-segmented antennae in this genus, and it is also one of the smallest minority species in this genus. These two characteristics readily distinguish the new species, and these morphological differences are supported by a phylogenetic analysis. A key based on the worker caste is provided for the known Asian species.

Dung beetles, despite their well-documented ecological significance, remain surprisingly underrepresented in molecular biology research, with a notable paucity of genomic and molecular data available for this ecologically crucial insect group. We sequenced and analyzed the whole mitochondrial genomes of four species of dung beetles, including Catharsius molossus, Liatongus bucerus, Copris magicus, and Onitis falcatus from the Scarabaeinae subfamily. The results showed that the mitochondrial genome sizes of the four dung beetle species ranged from 14,977 bp to 18,425 bp. Among them, the mitochondrial genome structure, base composition, codon usage, and gene arrangement of L. bucerus and C. magicus were relatively conserved, consistent with other Coleoptera species. However, C. magicus exhibited a unique rearrangement, with the trnT and trnP genes undergoing positional swapping, resulting in the formation of a trnP-trnT tRNA gene block. In L. bucerus, a long-distance translocation of the trnI gene and rearrangement between the trnS2 and nad1 genes occurred, leading to the formation of a trnS2-trnI tRNA gene block. This represents the first identification of such rearrangements in Scarabaeidae. The phylogenetic reconstruction of mitochondrial protein-coding genes in 63 species of Scarabaeinae revealed significant insights into their evolutionary relationships. It supported multilineage for the tribes Coprini and Onthophagini, and monophyly for the tribes Onitini and Oniticellini. Coprini maintained close affinities with Deltochilini, Dichotomiini, Phanaeini, Ateuchini, and Eurysternini, with Phanaeini as a sister group to each other, and the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes supported the existing findings. It clarified the position of four dung beetles in their respective clades and genera. This study could enrich the genetic data of Scarabaeidae and establishes a foundation for further understanding of the evolutionary relationships of dung beetles.

Eopycna concinna (Boulard, 2005) was originally described based on specimens from Thailand. To date, no documented records of this species' distribution within China have been published. This study reports the first documented occurrence of E. concinna in China, significantly extending its known distribution range northward. In September 2023, specimens of E. concinna were collected in Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County, which representing the first record of the species in China. This paper describes the morphological characteristics of the adults, provides illustrations of male specimens and ecological photos, and updates the known diversity of the genus Eopycna in China by providing an identification key to the now three confirmed species.

To understand the mitochondrial genome structure of two endangered and long-armed scarab beetles, Propomacrus davidi and Propomacrus bimucronatus, their complete mitogenomes were sequenced for the first time in this study. The complete mitogenomes of P. davidi and P. bimucronatus were 18, 042 bp and 18, 104 bp in length, respectively. The gene orders of their mitogenomes were highly consistent with other Coleopteran species, and the typical ATN was used as the start codon in most protein coding genes. The incomplete stop codon T was used in cox1, cox2, and nad5, and TAN was used as a complete stop codon in most protein coding genes. All predicted tRNAs could form a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except that trnS1 lacked the dihydrouridine arm. Based on the maximum likelihood and the Bayesian inference methods, phylogenetic trees of 50 species were reconstructed. The results showed that P. davidi, P. bimucronatus, Cheirotonus jansoni and Cheirotonus gestroi clustered in the same branch, and were the most closely related. The results supported that subfamily Euchirinae is a monophyletic group of Scarabaeidae, which was consistent with the morphological classification. These molecular data enriched the complete mitogenome database of Euchirinae, and improved our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary characteristics of these two endangered species.

为掌握云南省文山市天蛾科昆虫区系特点,采用灯诱法于2019年7-9月对天蛾科昆虫进行了调查.结果表明,文山市天蛾科昆虫有5亚科30种,以斜纹天蛾亚科种类最多,有12种,占物种总数的40.0%;在世界动物区系中,东洋区特征显著,所有物种均在东洋区有分布,但有较多古北区成分(有18种分布),澳洲区有5种分布,新北区和非洲区各有1种分布,无新热带区物种分布.文山市天蛾科昆虫共有5种分布型,以东洋区-古北区分布型为主,有15种,占50.00%,其次为东洋区分布型有10种,占33.33%,其他3种分布型物种较少,仅5种;在中国动物区系中,在华中区有分布(30种),其次为西南区和华南区分布,各有29种,再次为华北区分布,有18种,其他区也有较多分布.文山市天蛾科昆虫共有12种分布型,以西南区-华中区-华南区分布型最多,达8种,其次为东北区-华北区-青藏区-华中区-华南区-西南区,有6种,再次为在所有区分布和华北区-青藏区-华中区-华南区-西南区分布型,均有3种,其他分布型物种较少,均仅有1种.文山市天蛾科昆虫区系的特点可能与该区域所处的地理位置和其自身有较强的飞行能力与夜行性等生物学特性有关.

褐兜蝽(Coridius brunneus)是一种常见农林害虫,主要为害洋丝瓜和南瓜等葫芦科植物,常与药用昆虫九香虫混合发生.通过高通量测序技术,组装、拼接获得褐兜蝽线粒体基因组全序列,对其进行分析并基于 13 个蛋白质编码基因(PCGs)构建系统发育树.结果表明:褐兜蝽线粒体基因组的序列全长为 15792 bp(GenBank登录号:MW899158),包含 13 个PCGs、22 个tRNAs、2 个rRNAs和 1 个D-loop区,核苷酸组成及基因排布序列与异翅亚目昆虫一致;线粒体全序列A+T含量为75.16％,G+C含量为 24.84％;预测了 22 个tRNAs的二级结构,除trnV缺失DHU臂外,其余均为典型的三叶草结构;系统发育分析表明兜蝽科与荔蝽科互为姐妹群关系,且兜蝽科下 5 个物种的系统发育关系为[(褐兜蝽 C.brunneus+九香虫 C.chinensis)+(短角瓜蝽Megymenum brevicorne+细角瓜蝽M.gracilicorne)]+小皱蝽Cyclopelta parva.可见,褐兜蝽与九香虫亲缘关系最近,与传统形态分类结果一致.

PurposeTo explore the butterfly community structure and species diversity in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. MethodsThe butterflies in Yuanyang County were investigated by using the method of sample line and net catching. A total of 30 sample lines were set up, each of which was not less than 2 km long, and butterflies along the sample lines were investigated and collected at a speed of 1.0-1.5 km/h. ResultsA total of 166 species of butterflies were collected from 87 genera of 5 families, among which the number of species and individuals of Nymphalidae was the largest, the least was the species of Hesperiidae; the dominant species were Eurema hecabe and Pieris candia. There were temporal and spatial differences in diversity. In terms of temporal distribution, the number of species, individuals and diversity index in autumn were much higher than those in summer. In the altitude distribution, the number of species and individuals were the largest in the altitude of ≥600-800 m, and the least in the altitude of ≥400-600 m; the diversity index was the highest (3.995 0) in the altitude of ≥1 000-1 200 m, and the lowest (3.106 4) in the altitude of ≥400-600 m. In administrative areas, there were the highest species diversity (3.828 2) in Daping Town, and there were the lowest species diversity (2.456 1) in Xiaoxinjie Town. ConclusionThe butterflies in Yuanyang County have a high diversity, and there are obvious spatial and temporal differences in distribution, showing obvious vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics.

[目的]通过对文山市蝴蝶资源进行调查,旨在了解该地区蝴蝶群落结构和物种多样性.[方法]结合文山市的气候类型、海拔梯度和行政区域状况,于2019年7月至2020年10月采用网格法对文山市蝴蝶进行了系统调查;在15个乡(镇)内共设定31条调查采集样线,每条样线长度1～2 km,平均每个乡(镇)1～3条线路,并利用捕虫网采集沿途蝴蝶.[结果]共采集蝴蝶标本1338个,隶属于5科76属115种,其中峡蝶科物种数最多,有32属48种,占总种数的41.74％;其次为灰蝶科,有21属26种,占总种数的22.61％;弄蝶科物种数最少,仅有8属8种,占总种数的6.96％.各科蝴蝶的多样性指数在1.8993～3.0162,其中以蛱蝶科最高,达3.0162,其次是灰蝶科,为2.7355,以粉蝶科最低,仅为1.8993.优势科为蛱蝶科,优势种为宽边黄粉蝶、虎斑蝶和波蛱蝶.文山市蝴蝶多样性存在时空差异,在季节分布上,秋季多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均高于夏季,分别为3.5463、14.3276和0.7701,夏季分别为2.9437、10.8301和0.7078;在海拔分布上,以1400～1600 m多样性指数和丰富度指数最高,分别为 3.4528 和 13.9578,以 1800～2000 m 最低,仅为 1.4898 和 1.4771,均匀度指数以 2000～2200 m 最高,达0.9499,以 1200～1400 m最低,仅为0.7417,优势度指数以1800～2000 m最高.在行政区域上,薄竹镇多样性指数最高,为3.1918,坝心乡最低,为1.9338;丰富度指数以开化镇最高,为8.8766,平坝镇最低,为2.7678.[结论]文山市蝴蝶多样性较丰富,且蝴蝶多样性在不同季节、海拔和行政区域上呈现出一定差异,这可能与当地自然环境、人为干扰和蝴蝶自身的生物学特性等因素有关.

[目的]了解云南人工养殖金环胡蜂Vespa mandarinia的遗传多样性状况,为科学人工养殖和危害防控提供依据.[方法]基于mtDNACOⅠ基因标记,对云南省金环胡蜂8个主要人工养殖区237个人工养殖个体的mtDNACOⅠ基因进行了测定,分析了群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传分化情况.[结果]共获得金环胡蜂mtDNACOⅠ基因600 bp编码区序列,其中A+T的含量为68.05％,存在明显的AT碱基偏向性;有保守位点563个,变异位点37个,占分析位点总数的6.16％;变异位点中,有30个转换位点,7个颠换位点,无插入或缺失;共获得12个单倍型,其中6个单倍型为群体间共享,其余6个为不同群体独有单倍型;整体单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.82958,核苷酸平均差异数(K)为15.18387,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.02526;各养殖种群内部遗传距离在0.00～0.0283,种群间遗传距离在0.0001～0.0544;遗传变异50.48％来源种群间,49.52％来源于种群内,表明遗传变异主要来源于种群外部;Fst=0.50482,差异较显著(P＜0.001),表明种群间遗传分化较大;COⅠ基因单倍型主要有2个聚类簇,多数单倍型之间只有1个位点突变.[结论]云南各地区养殖金环胡蜂种群单倍型多样性较高,核苷酸多样性较低;原始种群来源于少数个体,养殖过程中与当地野生自然种群或外地引入种群进行了基因交流,各种群遗传多样性存在差异.建议养殖种群尽量使用当地土著种源;严防外地引入种源养殖个体逃逸后与野生种群杂交,造成当地成野生种群遗传多样性提高,从而增加种群的适应能力,导致种群的快速扩张,避免对当地生物多样性特别是授粉昆虫造成的影响.

[目的]了解云南省人工养殖黄脚胡蜂(Vespa velutina Lepeletier,1836)的遗传多样性及遗传分化现状,为科学养殖与利用等方面和入侵种群危害防控提供基础资料,[方法]利用线粒体COⅠ基因标记对云南省8个人工养殖种群的遗传多样性进行研究.[结果]测定154个样本线粒体COⅠ基因部分序列,共检测出614个保守位点,7个变异位点,7个单倍型;各种群间核苷酸遗传距离在0.000～0.020之间,核苷酸多度在0～0.00079之间,单倍型多度在0～0.6之间,核苷酸平均差异数在0～2.09825之间,核苷酸歧义度在0.00000～0.00398之间;种群的Tajima′D=-0.62598,P>0.10;遗传分化指数Fst为0.03163;分子系统树显示,各养殖种群之间分支较近,无明显遗传分化情况,黄脚胡蜂分为2支,昆明种群内的部分个体聚为一支,其他7个种群的聚为1支.[结论]云南省人工养殖黄脚胡蜂遗传多样性低,遗传距离较近,遗传分化程度较低,遗传变异主要来源于种群内部,各种群间的亲缘关系较近,养殖母种群大部分可能来源于亲缘关系相近的原始种群.

选用云南省保山市3种类型4个常见的玉米品种:甜质型玉米"正甜99"、糯质型玉米"花糯168"及饲用型玉米"恩白玉3号"和"富玉6号",采用自由选择法测定草地贪夜蛾在不同玉米品种上的产卵量、幼虫生长发育历期和取食选择率.结果表明,草地贪夜蛾在4个玉米品种上的产卵量具有显著差异(P<0.05),以在正甜99上的卵块数和卵粒数最多,分别为12.67块和1001.67粒,而在其他3个玉米品种间无显著差异(P>0.05);取食不同玉米品种的草地贪夜蛾幼虫总历期、蛹历期和成虫寿命也有显著差异(P<0.05),其中以取食富玉6号的幼虫总历期、蛹历期最长,分别为17.09、10.93 d,成虫寿命则以取食正甜99的最长,为13.89 d;草地贪夜蛾3～6龄各龄期幼虫对4个玉米品种的取食选择具有明显趋向性,均以对正甜99的取食选择率最高,显著高于对其他3种玉米品种的取食选择率(P<0.05).研究结果可为不同类型玉米上草地贪夜蛾的防控提供参考.

[目的]揭示云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁分布规律.[方法]采用样地调查法对该区域蚂蚁物种分布格局进行研究.[结果]该区域发现蚂蚁10亚科50属130种,其中大部分物种水平分布狭窄,有98种仅出现在1～2个水平区域内,占物种总数的75.4％;垂直分布较窄和狭窄物种较多,达111种,占物种总数的85.4％;7类栖息生境中,以山地雨林的蚂蚁物种最丰富(74种),其次为沟谷雨林(60种),苔藓常绿阔叶林最少(1种);以土壤内觅食的蚂蚁最多(82种),其次为地表觅食(77种);以土壤内筑巢种类最多(46种),其次为地表筑巢(16种).丰富、复杂的生态环境可提供更多的生态位,是该区域形成现有分布格局的主要原因.[结论]云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁物种丰富,但多数种类分布和生态适应幅度狭窄,建议加强本地特有狭域物种保护.

One genus, three species and three subspecies of Nymphalidae were reported for the first time from Yunnan Province, China. The three species are Symbrenthia hypatia (Wallace, 1869), Discophora deo de Nicéville, 1898 and Ypthima singorensis Aoki & Uémura, 1984. The subspecies are Neptis ananta learmondi Tytler, 1940, Neptis nashona kishii Saito & Inayoshi, 2014 and Lethe syrcis diunaga (Fruhstorfer, 1911). Brief descriptions and comparisons of the new record species and subspecies with similar species were given, and the pictures of their adults and genitalia were provided in this paper.

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Pycanum ochraceum was identified for the first time. The entire genome is 17,198 bp in length with 73.6% A + T content. It contains 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 1 noncoding control region (D-loop). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tessaratomidae bugs are monophyletic. This study can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for Heteroptera.

为明确黑盾胡蜂(Vespa bicolor)触角及感受器的外部形态特点,利用扫描电镜对黑盾胡蜂雄蜂和工蜂触角感器的形态特征、类型和分布特点等超显微结构进行观察.结果显示,黑盾胡蜂触角呈膝状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其中雄蜂的鞭节有11小节、工蜂的鞭节有10小节.黑盾胡蜂共有5种触角感器,分别为毛形感受器(TS Ⅰ、TS Ⅱ)、板形感受器(PSIⅠ、PS Ⅱ)、刺形感受器(CS Ⅰ、CS Ⅱ)、锥形感受器(BS Ⅰ、BS Ⅱ)、腔锥形感受器CoS,其中以毛形感器和板形感器数量最多、分布范围最广.黑盾胡蜂雄蜂和工蜂具有相同的感器类型和形态,仅感器大小和分布位置略有差异.

为了解金平县蝴蝶多样性时空动态,采用样线法,2017—2018年对金平样区内蝴蝶多样性进行研究.结果表明:金平样区共观测到10科75属147种5199只蝴蝶,其中以蛱蝶科和眼蝶科最多,均有32种,各占物种总数的21.77％;其次为凤蝶科、粉蝶科和灰蝶科,各有17种,各占物种总数的11.56％,物种数最少的为环蝶科和珍蝶科,均仅1种,各占物种数的0.68％;个体数最多的为粉蝶科,有1771只,占个体总数的34.06％;其次为蛱蝶科,有1182只,占个体总数比例的22.74％.2017年和2018年观测到的蝴蝶物种数量和群落结果均有一定差异,反映出蝴蝶群落结构的动态性.多样性和丰富度以蛱蝶科最大,分别为0.8497和29.256;均匀度和优势度以粉蝶科最大,分别为0.2818和0.3214;G-F指数以蚬蝶最大,为0.8301.各多样性指数和均匀度均表现出时间和空间上的差异.结果表明,多样性存在时空分布的差异性,可能主要与气候、小气候和寄主植物物候有关.

利用扫描电镜对金环胡蜂指名亚种和贝罗纳亚种的蜂王、职蜂和雄蜂触角的超显微结构进行了观察.结果显示:两亚种雌蜂鞭节均为10小节,雄蜂鞭节为11小节,雄蜂鞭节每一小节上有感觉突;同一亚种蜂王、职蜂和雄蜂的触角长度关系为雄蜂>蜂王>职蜂,两亚种蜂王、雄蜂、职蜂的触角长度关系为贝罗纳亚种>指名亚种;两亚种雌蜂和雄蜂触角均有5种类型的感受器,分别为毛形感受器(TSⅠ、TSⅡ)、锥形感受器(BSⅠ、BSⅡ)、板形感受器(PSⅠ、PSⅡ)、刺形感受器(CSⅠ、CSⅡ)和腔锥形感受器(CoS),其中,毛形感受器和板形感受器数量最多.

[目的]弄清异凹纹胡蜂(Vespa velutina variana van der Vecht)触角感器类型与结构特征.[方法]利用扫描电镜对蜂王、雄蜂和职蜂触角感器的形状、种类和超显微结构进行了观察.[结果]异凹纹胡蜂触角呈膝状,包括柄节、梗节和鞭节3部分,蜂王和职蜂鞭节分10节,雄蜂鞭节分11节;触角感器共有5种,分别为毛形感器、锥形感器、板形感器、刺形感器和腔锥形感器,其中除腔锥形感器外,其它4种感器均有2个亚型.以毛形感器数量最多,分布范围最广泛;各种感器主要分布于鞭节上;蜂王、职蜂和雄蜂感器的类型相同,分布范围基本相似,仅雄蜂触角平均长度较蜂王和职蜂长.[结论]异凹纹胡蜂触角上共有5种感器,其雄蜂触角总长最长.弄清了异凹纹胡峰触角感器的类型,为今后研究异凹纹胡蜂触角感器的具体功能及机制奠定了基础,也为进一步了解其触角与行为间的关系提供基础资料.

Background The family Nymphalidae is the largest group of butterflies with high species richeness. Rhinopalpa polynice (Cramer, [1779]), a forest species, was discovered in the mid-stream of the Yuanjiang-Red River Valley of Yunnan Province for the first time, which represents the first record of the genus Rhinopalpa in China. New information The species R. polynice (Cramer, [1779]) is the first record of the genus Rhinopalpa from China. The specimen was collected in the mid-stream of the Yuanjiang-Red River Valley of Yunnan Province. The female genitalia are described for the first time.

根据保护区类型自然保护区生态评价指标体系,以生物多样性、森林生态景观价值、生态旅游价值、森林生态教育科研价值作为准则层,选择多样性、稀有性、脆弱性、自然性、典型性、面积适宜性、人类干扰作为评价层指标,运用层次分析法(AHP)对高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山片区进行生态质量评价.综合评价结果表明:该保护区生态质量指数为0.9442,说明高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山片区整体生态质量很好,保护价值极高,属于优先保护区域.该评价结果为高黎贡山国家级自然保护区自然资源管护提供了科学依据.