Background: The root of Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill. var. sinensis Oliv is a traditional ethnomedicine in China; it was widely used to treat abscesses, sores, carbuncles, rheumatism, and so on. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the bacteriostatic mechanism of the ethyl acetate extract from the root of Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill. var. Sinensis Oliv (Xiao Xue Teng) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus ATCC 25923). Methods: Bioactive bacteriostatic constituents in Xiao Xue Teng were identified through Hybrid Quadrupole-TOF LC/MS/MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Xiao Xue Teng against S. aureus ATCC 25923 was determined using the microbroth dilution method. A time–kill curve analysis was used to evaluate the bacteriostatic effects. SDS-PAGE coupled with nano-liquid NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS, real-time PCR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the bacteriostatic mechanism of Xiao Xue Teng against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Results: The MIC of Xiao Xue Teng against S. aureus ATCC 25923 was determined to be 15.625 µg/mL. The translation initiation factor (IF-2) and elongation factor (EF-Tu) were significantly decreased in S. aureus ATCC 25923 after treatment with Xiao Xue Teng, while the proteins SodA and AhpC were obviously increased. The intracellular levels of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly increased (p < 0.01) after the treatment with Xiao Xue Teng. Concurrently, the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Moreover, cellular swelling and shrinkage were observed using SEM. Conclusions: The bacteriostatic mechanism of Xiao Xue Teng against S. aureus ATCC 25923 was related to eliciting oxidative stress, inhibiting protein synthesis and enhancing cytoplasmic membrane permeability.

Clinical misdiagnosis case teaching is an effective supplementary method of case teaching.The clinical misdiagnosis cases of avian diseases corresponding to the key and difficult points in the teaching of “Aviology”are selected and applied to the teaching of “Aviology”,so that students can use the basic theory of avian diseases and the prevention and control operation process they have learned to carry out logical reasoning on the abnormal clinical phenomena of poultry,and then understand the nature of avian diseases.This teaching method can not only make students understand the causes of misdiagnosis,strengthen their understanding and mastery of basic theories,knowledge and skills,but also help students form good clinical dialectical thinking habits and improve students’ ability of clinical reverse reasoning and judgment of avian diseases,which is a direction worth exploring in the current teaching of“Aviology”.

(1) Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes endocarditis, pneumonia, and skin diseases in humans and livestock. (2) Methods: The antibacterial effect of the total flavonoid against MRSA (ATCC43300) extracted from the Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (A. pilosa Ledeb) was evaluated by the microdilution method. The oxidative stresses in MRSA were evaluated by the levels of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress-related genes. The DNA oxidative damage was tested by the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA gel electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were determined by the method of SDS-PAGE and NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS, while the mRNAs of differential proteins were determined by Real-Time PCR. The changes of ultra-structures in MRSA were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). (3) Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the total flavonoid against MRSA was recorded as 62.5 μg/mL. After treatment with the total flavonoid, the levels of intracellular H2O2 and ROS were increased and the gene expressions against oxidative stress (SodA, katA, TrxB) were decreased (p < 0.01), while the gene expression for oxidative stress (PerR) was increased (p < 0.01). The level of intracellular 8-OHdG in MRSA was increased (p < 0.01) and the DNA was damaged. The results of TEM also showed that the total flavonoid could destroy the ultra-structures in the bacteria. (4) Conclusions: The total flavonoid extracted from the A. pilosa Ledeb can induce the oxidative stress that disturbed the energy metabolism and protein synthesis in MRSA.

A semiochemical named mother hens uropygial secretion analoge（MHUSA）is known to decrease stress in broilers.Because stress influences their feeding behavior,this trial has been built so as to test the influence of MHUSA（appeasing pheromones Secure Poultry ? ）on growth properties and feed conversion index.76 200 1-day old healthy 817 chicks were randomly divided into control group and test group,which were raised in two chicken houses with the same infrastructure and feeding management.In addition Secure Poultry ? gel blocks were suspended in the test group.50 chickens in each group aged from 1 to 35 days were randomly selected for weighing every weekend to find the average weight.Statistics of the total number of slaughtered chickens,total selling weight and discount rate（ketone body weight:slaughter weight）were counted,which based on the data of 36 day old and 43 day old provided by the slaughterhouse.The number of dead chickens in each group every day were recorded to calculate the week mortality.The final feed conversion and cost of production were calculated by statistics of total feed consumption and total production cost of chickens in each group.These results showed that: Appeasing pheromones Secure Poultry ? can promote early growth（1 ～ 35 days old）,optimize the growth uniformity,improve the average weight and discount rate of 817 broilers;Appeasing pheromones Secure Poultry ? can reduce the feed conversion and marketing cost of 817 broilers.It can be concluded that using appeasing pheromones can improve the growth rate and reduce feed conversion of 817 broilers.

The ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7)-murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 network plays an important role in the regulation of p53, a tumor suppressor which plays critical roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and immune response. The overexpression of USP7 and MDM2 in human cancers contributes to cancer initiation and progression, and their inhibition reactivates p53 signalings and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Herein, the current state of pharmacological characterization, potential applications in cancer treatment and mechanism of action of small molecules used to target and inhibit MDM2 and USP7 proteins are highlighted, along with the outcomes in clinical and preclinical settings. Moreover, challenges and advantages of these strategies, as well as perspectives in USP7-MDM2-p53 field are analyzed in detail. The investigation and application of MDM2 and USP7 inhibitors will deepen our understanding of the function of USP7-MDM2-p53 network, and feed in the development of effective and safe cancer therapies where USP7-MDM2-p53 network is implicated.

目前我国多采用种鸡净化和商品鸡抗菌药物预防的方式来减轻鸡白痢和鸡伤寒的危害,取得了明显的效果.但随着2019年肉鸡大行情的到束,一些肉种鸡养殖户采用多次强制换羽的方式来加快种蛋的供应,在此过程中发生了多起苗鸡感染沙门菌的病例.鉴于此,本研究对1家孵化场的死胚、弱雏以及提供种蛋的种鸡进行了鸡沙门菌的分离和鉴定,并做了药物敏感性试验,以此米分析鸡沙门菌的感染来源,为养殖户的种鸡和苗鸡抗菌药物的使用提供借鉴.

沙门氏菌可引起鸡白痢、禽伤寒和禽副伤寒等沙门氏菌病,对我国养鸡业产生了巨大威胁.动物养殖中抗生素的广泛使用导致了沙门氏菌耐药性的出现,这给沙门氏菌病的防治增加了难度.本研究从一家肉种鸡养殖场的孵化场采集孵化早期死胚、出壳前2天活胚以及腹泻肉种鸡泄殖腔拭子样本进行沙门氏菌株的分离鉴定,通过药敏试验了解细菌耐药状况.结果表明,共分离样品53份,其中18份早期死亡鸡胚样本中阳性检出率为61. 11％,15份出壳前2天的活胚样本中阳性检出率为6.67％,20份腹泻鸡泄殖腔拭子中阳性检出率50. 0％.

Fumonisin B 1 ( FB 1 ) is the most common species with the highest toxicity among fumonisins. In order to develop a sensitive and simple approach for the detection of FB 1 in maize, we designed a new label-free and simple DNA electrochemical aptasensor. Au nanoparticles and graphene oxide ( GO ) were utilized and chemically modified to amplify the electrochemical signal and afford anchor sites for the modification of recognition probe for FB 1 . Besides, thionine, an excellent electrochemical indicator, was conjugated on GO–Au complex surface based on the π–π interaction between thionine and GO. To measure FB 1 with high specificity and decrease the interference signal produced in real sample measurement, its aptamer was functionalized on Au particle surface via Au−S bond. The proposed biosensor demonstrates a wide linear range between 1 × 10 –11 to 1 × 10 –4 g/mL with a low detection limit of 10 pg/mL. Importantly, it exhibits acceptable practicability and good stability in real sample detection.

Potentilla chinesis Ser. (Wei Ling Cai) was a food for humans and animals in China, as well as a traditional Chinese herb recorded in "ZhonghuaBencao". Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-35 (NJ-35) was a bacterial pathogen associated with high mortality rate in aquaculture. The purpose of the present work was to isolate and identify the antibacterial components against the NJ-35 from the extract of Wei Ling Cai, as well as explore the underlying anti-bacterial mechanism. The peak 3 was the most efficient anti-bacterial component in all collected peaks, and it was identified as (1R,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (P-3) by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of P-3 against NJ-35 was 0.125 mg/mL. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS showed that, in the P-3treated group, the proteins of phosphoglucomutase (PGM), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) were up-regulated, whereas, the porin and 30S ribosomal S3 were down-regulated. In addition, after the treatment of P-3, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and the membrane permeability were increased (P < 0.01). The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that P-3 made the NJ-35 shriveled, sunken, and wrinkled. Taken together, these results suggested the P-3 might be a promising anti-bacterial agent for pharmacological research, and Wei Ling Cai could be a food-borne treatment for the A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture.

Human ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that removes the ubiquitin (Ub) protein and spares substrates from degradation. Given its regulation of proteins involved in several cellular processes, abnormal expression and activity of USP7 are associated with several types of disease, including cancer. In this review, we summarize the developments in our understanding of USP7 over the past 5 years, focusing on its role in related cancers. Furthermore, we discuss clinical studies of USP7, including in vivo and pharmacological studies, as well as the development of USP7 inhibitors. A comprehensive understanding of USP7 will expand our knowledge of the structure and function of USP7‐mediated signaling and shed light on drug discovery for different diseases in which USP7 is implicated.

土家族是我国少数民族重要的组成部分,居住的区域属于亚热带季风湿润性气候,土壤肥沃,生物资源丰厚,可称得上"天然民族中草药王国".据统计,土家族居住地区有植物药3303种,动物药158种,矿物药28种,合计3489种.常用土家族药有"七十二七","七十二参","七十二莲","三十六风","三十六还阳","三十六蜈蚣","三十六血"和"一百单八将"等(源自《土王真药本草》).但是针对土家族传统药物作用方面的研究较少,本文对土家族经常使用的传统抗菌药物及其主要作用进行介绍,普及民族药物知识,提高其关注度.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:The root of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (Ci Li Gen) is a kind of Chinese ethnomedicine in Gui Zhou province, used for the treatment of abdominal pain, acute bacillary dysentery, gastroenteritis and other diseases in human and livestock. AIM OF THE STUDY:The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the effective antimicrobial components from the ethyl acetate extract of the Ci Li Gen and to investigate its antimicrobial mechanism afterwards. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The effective antimicrobial components in the ethyl acetate extract from the Ci Li Gen were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) measured by microdilution technique. The antibacterial mechanism was investigated by the time-kill curve, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS, intracellular esterase activity detected by Flow cytometry, and the ultrastructural changes of the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS:The effective antimicrobial component (peak 4) was identified as strictinin isomers by HRMS and NMR. The MIC of strictinin isomers against E. coli was 0.125 mg/mL. With respect to the negative control group, the results of SDS-PAGE and NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS showed that the up-regulated proteins of the strictinin isomers treated group were Metal-binding protein ZinT, 30S ribosomal protein S4 and 50S ribosomal protein L4, while the down-regulated protein was hydroperoxide reductase subunit C. Moreover, in the strictinin isomers treated group, the esterase activity in the E. coli cells was reduced and the bacteria E. coli became atrophied, pitted and contorted, and the surface of E. coli was rough and blurred. CONCLUSIONS:According to the above results, the antimicrobial mechanism of strictinin isomers against E. coli were oxidative stress and protein synthesis disorder, which inhibited the activity of the enzymes required for bacterial growth and metabolism. These findings reflected the pleiotropic effects of strictinin isomers, making it a promising antimicrobial agent for pharmaceutical research.

In this study, a typical Chinese medicine injection (Mai-luo-ning, MLN) was chosen to study the transformation possibility of its by-products (polysaccharides). What’s more, the basic properties of polysaccharides were also detected and its immunoprotect and anti-inflammatory activity were both proved in vivo and in vitro. The experiment determined that MLN-1 significantly increased the level of anti-inflammatory-related factors and the number of lymphocytes. Acute oral toxicity study established that MLN-1 has a non-toxic effect. The present work successfully showed that MLN-1 has the potential to be developed as a food additive.

目的 利用聚醚砜中空纤维膜对脉络宁注射液生产废水的小分子药效物质进行富集.方法 以共性高分子(蛋白质、鞣质、淀粉、果胶)截留率和小分子药效物质绿原酸的渗透率为考察指标,优选出超滤膜过程停止时间和膜型号,进而采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,优化出超滤膜过程的最佳工艺参数.结果 在共性高分子截留率中,影响因素A(温度)＞B(错流压差)＞C(进料速率),并且与温度呈负相关性;在绿原酸透过率中,影响因素A(温度)＞B(错流压差)＞C(进料速率),并且在温度与速率一定时,绿原酸透过率与错流压差存在“n”型关系.优化工艺结果为药液温度35℃,进料体积流量为262 mL/min,错流压差15.0 psi(1 psi=6.895 kPa),工艺验证绿原酸透过率为(91.470±0.988)％,高分子截留率为(80.080±2.296)％,综合评分为(85.780±1.641)％,RSD为0.46％,与预测工艺偏差较小.结论 中空纤维膜对于生产废水中的小分子药效物质有良好的渗透率,并对共性大分子有优良的截留效果,是一种可持续的、绿色资源化利用方式.

Medicinal plants have been widely used as (poly)pharmacological remedies and constitute a rich source for antidiabetic drug discovery. In the present study, forty medicinal plant samples collected in China were tested for inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Crude ethyl acetate extracts of Dioscorea bulbifera L., Boehmeria nivea Gaudich, Tinospora sagittata Gagnep. and Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. showed dual inhibitory activity towards α-glucosidase and PTP1B, and were chosen for further investigation. Subsequent dual high-resolution α-glucosidase/PTP1B profiling or triple high-resolution α-glucosidase/α-amylase/PTP1B profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of 28 metabolites with one or more bioactivities. Among these, three new phenanthrenes were identified from D. bulbifera, including one new biphenanthrene (10) exhibiting promising dual inhibitory activity towards α-glucosidase and PTP1B with IC50 values of 2.08 ± 0.19 and 3.36 ± 0.25 μM, respectively. Two triterpenoids and one fatty acid from B. nivea and T. sagittata as well as some commercially available fatty acids showed strong PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 4.89 ± 0.38 to 53.77 ± 4.20 μM.

兽医临床诊断学是高等农业院校动物医学专业的一门基础核心课,是衔接兽医基础与兽医临床各课程的桥梁.传统的"以教师为主体"教学形式,其教学重点仍停留在查症、认症、辩症等相关理论的讲解上,往往是老师一人在台上讲,学生在台下不吭声地被动学习,教学效果欠佳.在现代网络信息技术的支持下,我们实施了"课前学习微视频化、课堂教学微课化、课后巩固延伸微信化"教学新模式,激发了学生的学习兴趣和热情,学生课堂的参与度增强,师生合作互动,让学生真正做到学到、学会、学懂.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is one kind of mycotoxins that has the neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, which commonly infects corn and other crops and is harmful to animal and human health upon consumption of FB1-contaminated feed or food. However, the mechanism of immunotoxicity, especially the immunosuppression induced by FB1 is still unclear. The most pivotal cells in the induction of immune responses are dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we used murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) as a model system to elucidate the effect of FB1 on the function of BMDCs through biological methods. We found that FB1 reversed the morphological changes and enhanced the endocytosis of FITC-dextran in LPS-treated BMDCs. At the same time, FB1 decreased the LPS-induced expressions of MHC II, C[1]D80 and CD86 molecules in BMDCs (p<0.05), as well as the T-cell stimulatory capacity of BMDCs (p<0.01). Moreover, the secretions of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12, but not TNF-α induced by LPS exposure were suppressed by FB1 in a dose dependent (p<0.01). It was considered that the immunosuppressive effects of FB1 were mainly caused by changing the morphology and interfering with the process of antigen uptake, processing and presentation. The results highlighted that FB1 had the capacity to modulate the immune responses of BMDCs.

Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a Type B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, frequently contaminates cereal staples, such as wheat, barley and corn.DON threatens animal and human health by suppressing food intake and impairing growth.While anorexia induction in mice exposed to DON has been linked to the elevation of the satiety hormones cholecystokinin and peptide YY 3-36 in plasma, the effects of DON on the release of other satiety hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), have not been established.The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of GLP-1 and GIP in DON-induced anorexia.In a nocturnal mouse food consumption model, the elevation of plasma GLP-1 and GIP concentrations markedly corresponded to anorexia induction by DON.Pretreatment with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist Exendin 9-39 induced a dose-dependent attenuation of both GLP-1-and DON-induced anorexia.In contrast, the GIP receptor antagonist Pro 3 GIP induced a dose-dependent attenuation of both GIP-and DONinduced anorexia.Taken together, these results suggest that GLP-1 and GIP play instrumental roles in anorexia induction following oral exposure to DON, and the effect of GLP-1 is more potent and long-acting than that of GIP.

[Objectives] Deoxynivalenol(DON) is a common mycotoxin in feed and its row materials in the world.This study aimed to explore the influence of DON on the composition of gastric juice in rats.[Methods] 24 Wistar rats were gavaged at the dose of 0,1,5and 25 mg·kg-1 DON after fasting for 24 h,and 0.5 h later pylori ligation was used to collect gastric juice within 4 h.The composition of gastric juice was detected,including volume,pH value,pepsin content and activities,mucin and metal ions.[Results] The results showed that the DON exposure resulted in a decrease by 24.88％,51.39％ and 60.88％,respectively,compared to the control,and the differences were significant(P＜0.05).In addition,pH value reached 3.20,3.81 and 6.70 in DON exposed rats,with control group at 1.93.Similarly,the mucin decreased by 8.42％,10.02％ and 12.30％,respectively.The contents of pepsin decreased by 7.96％,18.33％ and 50.83％,and the activities decreased by 27.97％,55.36％ and 67.82％ at 1,5 and 25 mg· kg-1 DON group,respectively.The dry weight was significantly higher than the control,with 42.97％,250.16％ and 2 460.32％ at 1,5 and 25 mg·kg-1 DON,respectively.The results of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) assay showed that DON exposure also disrupted the composition of K+,Na+,Ca2+,Zn2+ of gastric juice.[Conclusions] These results suggest that DON exposure influences the composition of gastric juice in Wistar rats,and causes the disorder of gastric secretion in rats.

Traditional Chinese medicine waste is a complex material system.The scientific and effective separation process is the key technology in the field of resource recycling.With advanced separation materials as the carrier,membrane science and technology is especially suitable for modem industry to meet the needs of energy saving,low-grade raw material reuse and environmental pollution elimination.Furthermore,because membrane separation technology has the advantages of saving,clean and safe,it is especially suitable for the development of circular economy ideas.Therefore,membrane science and technology is one of the most important choice is of course of Chinese medicine recycling.In our present study,the basic applied characteristics of membrane separation and integration technology was summarized and investigated according to the application in the traditional Chinese medicine industry.The development of special separation membrane was put forward as the keyissues and this would be a common key problem of membrane separation and its application in traditional Chinese medicine of circular economy.In accordance with the practice of Mai-luo-ning injection in waste recycling,this study would provide experimental basis for the development of special separation membrane.