农田黄清香是以稳定抗病品系LK34 为母本、稳定优良抗病品系LK26 为父本经杂交选育而成的早熟丰产西瓜新品种.河南早春保护地栽培果实发育期 35d左右,全生育期 100 d左右.易坐果,果实近圆形,果皮底色浅黄色,果皮覆浅绿花条纹,果皮厚度 0.35 cm,单果质量 1.8～2.0 kg;瓜瓤红黄白绿 4 色相间,瓜瓤主色为浅黄色,质地酥脆,汁液丰富.果实中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)13.0％左右,边部 10.0％左右,中边梯度小.植株单叶面积大,长势强劲;抗枯萎病,耐低温弱光性好,早春栽培平均 667 m2 产量 5921.52 kg,秋延后栽培平均 667 m2 产量5622.00 kg.该品种适宜在黄淮海生态区河南春秋保护地种植.2021 年 5 月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记.

针对传统抽薹装置抽薹时抽提力较大、抽提效率低问题,该文对抽薹装置的定位钩进行了改进,并制作了钩提抽薹装置.为了解2种抽薹装置的抽薹效果,开展了2种装置(传统抽薹装置和钩提抽薹装置)在不同时段(早上、上午、下午)及降雨条件下对抽提力度、蒜薹及大蒜产量影响的试验.经过对多个指标测定和方差分析,结果表明:采用钩提抽薹装置能降低抽薹拉力,提高抽薹的稳定性和抽薹效率,并且不会造成蒜头产量下降,上午、早上及降雨条件下是抽薹的最佳时期,特别是降雨条件下,薹长和出薹率最高,分别达到47.7 cm和99.7％,蒜薹产量达到5222.22 kg/hm2.综合来看,蒜薹抽提的最佳方案:采用钩提抽薹装置,早上和上午进行抽提,如遇降雨条件,尽量进行抽提.研究结果可为蒜农抽薹提供依据,并为蒜薹抽提的机械化研究提供理论基础.

河南省大蒜种植区一般实行大蒜-玉米轮作制度,由于近年玉米价格较低,导致农民增产不增收.为解决该问题,2014-2017年在中牟及周边地区推广早熟蒜-辣椒套作模式.采用早熟蒜-辣椒套作模式,可充分利用蒜区光照、水肥、土地资源,产品品质好,经济效益高,促进农村经济发展和农民增收.从茬口安排、品种选择、整地施肥、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时采收等方面对早熟蒜-辣椒套作模式进行了介绍,为河南蒜区早熟蒜与辣椒轮作栽培提供技术指导.

针对传统人工破膜法劳动时间长、劳动强度大的问题,对大蒜栽培方式进行了改进,并创新出一种湿毡破膜法.为了解2种破膜法的破膜效果,开展了2种破膜法对破膜率、人工耗时及蒜薹和蒜头产量影响的试验.结果 表明,采用湿毡破膜法能显著提高大蒜破膜率并显著减少人工耗时,其大蒜破膜率达到95.67％,人工耗时仅为100.79 min· 667 m2,且不会影响蒜薹和蒜头产量.综合来看,湿毡破膜法可替代现有人工破膜法.研究结果可为大蒜破膜提供依据,并为大蒜破膜的机械化提供理论基础.

检测实验室管理是高职高专院校面向检测类专业开设的一门重要的专业基础课,其目的是让学生掌握检测实验室的科学管理及应用.从课程内容、教学方法、考评方式等方面分析了检测实验室管理教学中存在的问题,并提出了有针对性的改进措施.

高职高专院校检测实验室承担了大量的教学与科研活动,随着检测实验室使用频率的提高,实验室的安全问题越来越突出.检测实验室在安全管理方面存在隐患,分析了形成的原因,并从安全意识的培养、安全管理措施的完善等方面探究检测实验室安全管理的对策,为检测实验室的教学与管理提供参考.

生物统计学是农学类专业教学中一门重要的应用型课程,是农学类学生学习专业课、参与科学研究的重要工具.课程组通过调整教学内容、合理使用多媒体、增加实例教学内容、增加统计分析软件练习、改革考试方式等方面的改革,提高了农学类专业学生生物统计课程的学习效果.

过去微生物检测技术课程存在教学模式固化、考核方式单一等一些实际问题,不能很好地适应企业对农产品检测人才的需求.为了使教学适应当前就业形势,对教学手段、综合性实训、考核方式等方面进行了探讨,并对微生物检测技术课程教学提出几点建议.

为了使学生掌握园艺产品质量检测、分析等相关知识和操作技能,具备从事园艺产品质量检测的基本职业能力,园艺产品质量检测课程从调整教学内容、增加现代化教学手段、实行多样化考核方式等方面探索了课程教学改革的具体措施,以期提高教学质量,培养综合型高素质人才.

以黄瓜为试材,以清水为对照,采用50％沼液、50％沼液+0.5 g·L-1硼、50％沼液+0.1g·L-1锰3种喷施处理进行对比试验,研究了沼液与微量元素配合喷施对黄瓜植株生长、产量及品质的影响.结果表明:叶面喷施50％沼液+0.5 g·L-1硼与叶面喷施50％沼液+0.1g·L-1锰对黄瓜植株的生长、产量及品质有明显的作用,植株叶长、叶宽、叶柄长比对照都有显著提高,叶绿素含量比啧施50％沼液处理有显著提高.叶面喷施50％沼液+0.5g·L-1硼和叶面喷施50％沼液+0.1g·L-1锰对黄瓜产量比清水对照分别提高28.77％和38.52％,比喷施50％沼液处理分别提高6.19％和14.23％;与喷施50％沼液处理相比,叶面喷施50％沼液+0.5 g·L-1硼和叶面喷施50％沼液+0.1g·L-1锰处理的黄瓜可溶性蛋白质含量显著提高,对黄瓜品相、风味也有所改善.因此,沼液与微肥配合喷施可以作为大棚黄瓜沼液及微肥合理利用的一种方法.

在农业生产中施用除草剂不当,很容易造成烧根沤苗,严重的造成减产甚至毁田.2014-2015年,中牟县刁家乡莲花池村农民在甘薯田施用解除除草剂危害的几种试剂,表现出不同的结果,以施用硫酸钙(生石膏粉)解除除草剂危害速度最快,作物生长迅速,结薯率高,品质好等特点,施用该处理剂是一项无污染、环保的防治措施,此方法简单,便于操作,利于推广应用.

受黄河冲积性水源的影响,中牟县土质呈弱碱性反应,常年种植大蒜易造成植株生长不良,产量与品质下降比较明显.现以大蒜为试验材料,采用硫酸钙(生石膏粉)、氯化钙、过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥、不施钙素肥料(CK)进行试验对比,找出适宜于当地生产的钙肥,为科学施用钙肥提供依据.结果表明:钙素肥料处理后植株具有均衡生长作用,硫酸钙、氯化钙、过磷酸钙、钙镁磷处理后株高分别较对照平均株高矮化0.98％、3.57％、1.95％、2.79％,其中硫酸钙处理的株高处于最佳范围,植株最健壮;叶绿素SPAD值分别较对照提高10％、8％、7％、8％;3个试验点钙肥处理后,大蒜单果重和增产幅度均表现为硫酸钙最高,其次分别为氯化钙、过磷酸钙、钙镁磷、对照.

Influence of calcium sulfate and pig manure organic fertilizer on the production and quality of garlic and effect of soil properties were studied in allubial soil in Henan to provide theoretical basis for garlic production and soil fertility improvement. The treatments contained conventional fertilization and straw returning (CK), conventional fertilization and straw returning and pig manure organic fertilizer (T1), conventional fertilization and straw returning and calcium sulfate fertilizer (T2), conven-tional fertilization and straw returning and calcium sulfate fertilizer and pig manure organic fertilizer ( T3 ) . The results showed that T1, T2, T3 improved garlic production, especial for T3, it was increased by 24. 9% than CK. Compared with CK, T1, T2, for the T3, the soluble sugar content increased by 6. 65%, 6. 03%, 3. 94%, the soluble protein content increased by 20. 68%, 14. 05%, 3. 54% and the calcium content increased by 8. 08%, 3. 42%, 0. 56%, respectively. T1, T2, T3 in-creased the availability of soil nutrient and the nutrient uptakes by garlic, and improved soil chemical properties. Besides, T2 and T3 contributed to the garlic yield by improving soil exchangeable calcium and sulfur. The>0. 25 mm water stable aggregates of T3 was reached to 55. 25% and it was 22. 49%, 17. 21%, 11. 59% higher than that of CK, T1, T2, respectively. The cal-cium sulfate fertilizer and pig manure organic fertilizer not only increased the garlic yield and quality but also improved soil nutri-ent supply and soil structure, so it suggested to be used in garlic production and soil improvement in allubial soils of Henan.

In order to select suitable calcium fertilizer for garlic in eastern Henan, an early-maturing garlic variety‘Cangbai No. 1’was used as test material, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and calcium chloride were applied, and non-calcium fertilizer was control, then the pythium root rot, soft rot and secondary growth were analyzed. The results indicated that the control efficiency of the root rot, soft rot and secondary growth of the garlic applied by 300 kg calcium sulfate per 667m2 were 89.69%, 84.50%and 70.59%respectively, were significantly higher than that of treatments. The prevention effect of calcium carbonate and calcium chloride on garlic pythium root rot were 74.80%and 49.03%, on garlic soft rot are 71.41%and 55.60%, on garlic secondary growth are 63.82%and 54.25%. The control efficiency of three treatments reached the sig?nificant level, as the order of calcium sulfate>lime>calcium chloride>control.

Effects of combined application of zinc,molybdenum and humic acid on chlorophyll content, antioxidant,garlic yield and soil physical,chemical and biological indicators were studied in this paper. The experiment consists of 4 treatments,including regular fertilizing(CK),regular fertilizing +zinc+molybdenum(T1), regular fertilizing+humic acid(T2),regular fertilizing+ zinc+molybdenum+humic acid(T3). The results indicated that T3 could not only increase the plant height,stem diameter,garlic diameter and yield,but also significantly increase the chlorophyll content of garlic leaf blades,improve the activities of POD,SOD and CAT. T3 was also beneficial for strengthening soil enzyme activity,improve soil physical and chemical properties. The garlic plant treated by T3 could yield 20.13 t·hm-2,which was 14.83% more than that by traditional fertilizing at locality. To put it short,T3 has very good effect on increasing garlic yield and improving soil fertility in Henan Province.

针对乙草胺在河南省大蒜生产中出现的药害问题,探索性地研究了硫酸钙对乙草胺药害的缓解作用,以期实现降低药害损失的目的.试验通过测定大蒜的植株高度、叶长度、叶宽度、叶绿素含量、根系活力、SOD活性、POD活性及产量来评价其缓解效果.结果表明:施用10d后,叶绿素含量恢复到未施用乙草胺的对照水平,根系活力、SOD活性、POD活性明显改善,大蒜产量显著高于未施用乙草胺的对照.偏碱性土壤上施用硫酸钙,能有效缓解乙草胺对大蒜的毒害作用,提高抗逆能力,为受除草剂污染土壤的科学利用提供了理论依据.

沼液是沼气发酵过后的液体残留物，是一种优质的有机肥料，在农业生产中具有极高的利用价值。介绍了沼液的成分、特点，并从沼液浸种、叶面施肥、基肥、抗病虫害4个方面阐述了沼液施肥对作物生长的影响和在养殖业中的应用，并讨论了沼液应用中存在的问题及以后的研究发展方向。

根据土壤肥料学课程的特点及课程教学目标,结合高职学生学习中存在的问题,通过调整教学方法、优化教学内容、更新教学手段、转变教学观念、提高教师素质、改善考核方式及培养爱国和忧患意识等措施,提高该课程教学质量.

In order to understand the effect of organic matter-decomposing inoculant on decomposition of stalk and corp yield,using field survey and indoor analysis,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic matter-decomposing inoculant on soil physico-chemical properties,decomposition level of corn stalk and wheat yield in clay soil.The results showed that the application of organic matter-decompo-sing inoculant of 30 kg/ha reduced soil bulk density and pH value,increased soil nutrient content,wheat ear length and grain number per ear, thereby significantly improved wheat yield, which increased by 3.02%compared with the treatment without organic matter-decomposing inoculant.

近年来，中牟地区大蒜因受过量施用化肥、农药、除草剂等因素影响出现中毒现象，严重的造成毁田。分析了大蒜中毒的原因，提出了大蒜中毒的防御措施，并摸索出利用硫酸钙解毒的新措施，以期指导大蒜生产。