Consequentialist theories of judgment and choice hold that individuals and actions should be evaluated in terms of the outcomes they produce, but not on how they bring about (otherwise equivalent) outcomes. This paper demonstrates a striking violation of consequentialism in judgment when fatal martyrdom-sacrificing one's life for a cause-is introduced. Across six experiments (N-total = 4861), including one preregistered replication, US participants judged scenarios in which a protagonist takes actions to save members of his group from an attack. They evaluated the protagonist and his actions more positively when he (voluntarily) sacrificed his life in the process, compared with when he achieved the same goal without dying. This is despite the fact that the former scenario-which adds self-sacrifice to an otherwise identical chain of events-is clearly worse for the protagonist (and his fellow group members). Moreover, fatal martyrdom (self-sacrifice) boosted evaluations even when the protagonist belonged to a despised group and his actions produced harmful outcomes that served an aversive cause. These results show that people praise fatal martyrdom (self-sacrifice), regardless of its consequences, and regardless of whether they generally support or oppose the martyr and the martyr's cause. The experiments also examined several potential mechanisms and boundary conditions of this fatal martyrdom effect, and they show that the effect can occur even in the absence of human intergroup conflict.

We propose a model that generalizes two-stage budgeting to incorporate frictions whichinduce budgetary stickiness and mental accounting behavior. Inattention limits the fungibility of money across mental accounts, leading to boundedly rational behavior. Financial atten-tiveness is cognitively costly, so consumers might re-assess only a subset of spending budgets every period. Over- or under-spending affects future budgeting and expenditure decisions.Using agent-level weekly expenditure data, we structurally estimate how much low-income consumers appear rationally constrained in budgeting, providing insights into how consumers would respond to interventions that encourage budgeting discipline. Attentiveness constraints can have a disciplinary effect on finances: relaxing constraints leads some consumers to over-spend and become financially worse off.

The novelty-seeking model (NSM) does not offer a compelling unifying framework for understanding creativity and curiosity. It fails to explain important manifestations and features of curiosity. Moreover, the arguments offered to support a curiosity-creativity link - a shared association with a common core process and various superficial associations between them - are neither convincing nor do they yield useful predictions.

The present research examines whether identity essentialism, an important component of psychological essentialism, is a fundamental feature of human cognition. Across three studies (Ntotal = 1723), we report evidence that essentialist intuitions about the identity of kinds are culturally dependent, demographically variable, and easily malleable. The first study considered essentialist intuitions in 10 different countries spread across four continents. Participants were presented with two scenarios meant to elicit essentialist intuitions. Their answers suggest that essentialist intuitions vary dramatically across cultures. Furthermore, these intuitions were found to vary with gender, education, and across eliciting stimuli. The second study further examined whether essentialist intuitions are stable across different kinds of eliciting stimuli. Participants were presented with two different scenarios meant to elicit essentialist intuitions-the "discovery" and "transformation" scenarios. Their answers suggest that the nature of the eliciting stimuli influences whether or not people report essentialist intuitions. Finally, the third study demonstrates that essentialist intuitions are susceptible to framing effects. Keeping the eliciting stimulus (i.e., the scenario) constant, we show that the formulation of the question eliciting a judgment influences whether or not people have essentialist intuitions. Implications of these findings for identity essentialism and psychological essentialism, in general, are discussed.

Some aspects of moral disciplining theory (MDT) - the association between cooperation and self-control; the notion that people and societies value sacrifice and costly prosocial behaviors - are well supported. However, other aspects of MDT - the association between religion/religiosity and cooperation; the notion that sacrifice and costly prosocial behaviors are no longer valued in "western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic" (WEIRD) societies - are inconsistent with existing evidence.

Language is an integral part of marketing. Consumers share word of mouth, salespeople pitch services, and advertisements try to persuade. Further, small differences in wording can have a big impact. But while it is clear that language is both frequent and important, how can we extract insight from this new form of data? This paper provides an introduction to the main approaches to automated textual analysis and how researchers can use them to extract marketing insight. We provide a brief summary of dictionaries, topic modeling, and embeddings, some examples of how each approach can be used, and some advantages and limitations inherent to each method. Further, we outline how these approaches can be used both in empirical analysis of field data as well as experiments. Finally, an appendix provides links to relevant tools and readings to help interested readers learn more. By introducing more researchers to these valuable and accessible tools, we hope to encourage their adoption in a wide variety of areas of research.

We present a computational method for predicting, and identifying the correlates of, leadership perceptions for prominent individuals. Our approach proxies knowledge representations for these individuals using high-dimensional semantic vectors derived from large-scale news media datasets. It then applies machine learning techniques to build a model that maps these vectors onto participant ratings of leadership effectiveness. This method greatly outperforms other approaches and achieves accuracy rates comparable to human participants in predicting leadership effectiveness judgments. Crucially, it relies on attributes and associations identified by established theories of leadership perception—notably implicit leadership theories—as guiding lay leadership perception. Thus, our model appears to have learnt the same implicit leadership cues as our human participants. In addition, we show that our approach can be used to not only predict leadership effectiveness judgments, but also to identify dimensions that people associate with effective leadership, as well as quantify the extent of this association for each dimension. We illustrate the broad applicability of our method by using it to predict leadership perceptions for over 6000 individuals in the public sphere, and to algorithmically uncover the particular traits, concepts, and attributes that people most strongly associate with effective leaders.

We often talk about interacting with information as we would with a physical good (e.g., “consuming content”) and describe our attachment to personal beliefs in the same way as our attachment to personal belongings (e.g., “holding on to” or “letting go of” our beliefs). But do we in fact value information the way we do objects? The valuation of money and material goods has been extensively researched, but surprisingly few insights from this literature have been applied to the study of information valuation. This paper demonstrates that two fundamental features of how we value money and material goods embodied in Prospect Theory—loss aversion and different risk preferences for gains versus losses—also hold true for information, even when it has no material value. Study 1 establishes loss aversion for noninstrumental information by showing that people are less likely to choose a gamble when the same outcome is framed as a loss (rather than gain) of information. Study 2 shows that people exhibit the endowment effect for noninstrumental information, and so value information more, simply by virtue of “owning” it. Study 3 provides a conceptual replication of the classic “Asian Disease” gain-loss pattern of risk preferences, but with facts instead of human lives, thereby also documenting a gain-loss framing effect for noninstrumental information. These findings represent a critical step in building a theoretical analogy between information and objects, and provide a useful perspective on why we often resist changing (or losing) our beliefs.

Language is an integral part of marketing. Consumers share word of mouth, salespeople pitch services, and advertisements try to persuade. Further, small differences in wording can have a big impact. But while it is clear that language is both frequent and important, how can we extract insight from this new form of data? This paper provides an introduction to the main approaches to automated textual analysis and how researchers can use them to extract marketing insight. We provide a brief summary of dictionaries, topic modeling, and embeddings, some examples of how each approach can be used, and some advantages and limitations inherent to each method. Further, we outline how these approaches can be used both in empirical analysis of field data as well as experiments. Finally, an appendix provides links to relevant tools and readings to help interested readers learn more. By introducing more researchers to these valuable and accessible tools, we hope to encourage their adoption in a wide variety of areas of research.

We construct a unifying theory of two-stage budgeting and bounded rationality with mental accounting features. Mental accounting and rational inattention induce behavioral wedges between first-stage and second-stage expenditure budgets. Because reviewing one’s financial activities is cognitively costly, consumers might reassess only a subset of their spending budgets every period. Over- or under-spending affects future budgeting and expenditure decisions. We apply latent Bayesian inference to agent-level weekly expenditure data in order to structurally estimate the degree to which low-income consumers appear rationally constrained with respect to budgeting. Our findings provide insight into how consumers may respond to interventions that encourage more disciplined budgeting behavior, like push notifications in budgeting apps. If consumers are acutely aware of budget misses, they may adjust budgets upward to avoid the dis-utility of over-expenditure, driving savings rates and balances downward. In this manner, push notifications that warn consumers about budget thresholds could backfire and actually lead to budgeting behavior that reduces savings and wealth in the long-run.

Gift-recipients typically receive multiple gifts in the same sitting, yet little is known about the impact of other gifts on givers' and recipients' evaluations of any one gift. Across 12 studies, we demonstrate that givers overestimate how much a recipient's liking of their (i.e., the giver's) gift [increases/decreases] when it compares [favorably/unfavorably] to other gifts. This appears to be driven by givers not appreciating that, for recipients, it is the thought that counts. However, this is not due to the roles givers and recipients assume; rather, it is driven by a self-other asymmetry, wherein all people involved focus on thoughtfulness but incorrectly believe others focus on relative gift value. As a result of this misconception, when givers know beforehand that others will be giving gifts that compare favorably to their own, they are more likely to spend additional money upgrading their gifts or even to skip the gift-giving occasion altogether.

The present work examines consumers' sequence ordering preferences when they have multiple probabilistic opportunities to obtain a resource. In particular, this research investigates whether consumers with multiple opportunities for resource obtainment prefer to start with the opportunity that is least likely to produce the resource and end with the one that is most likely to do so (i.e., an ascending probability sequence), or instead start with the most likely-to-succeed opportunity and end with the least likely-to-succeed one (i.e., a descending probability sequence). Four studies demonstrate that consumers prefer ascending (vs. descending) probability sequences, because they anticipate that this ordering will make the resource feel relatively less scarce, and therefore engender more hope, over the course of the sequence. Contributions to the literatures on scarcity, hope, and sequence ordering preferences, are discussed.

We construct and estimate a formal economic model of mental accounting where utility maximizing consumers facing rationality constraints infrequently update their desired expenditure budgets for different categories of consumption. We use latent Bayesian inference to estimate the model on a unique dataset of consumer-level weekly consumption expenditure in order to infer mental accounting decision variables. Our formulation reconciles the variability of observed high-frequency consumption expenditure patterns. We find that consumers optimally re-evaluate only about 25% to 50% of their expenditure budgets each period, providing empirical evidence that consumers regulate their expenditure behavior with mental accounting heuristics. Compared to two separate models where consumers face no cognition frictions or engage in full, sticky mental accounting, the model with both consumer- and time-dependent heterogeneous rationality constraints fits the data best. Counterfactually, we find that implementing policies which encourage consumers to stick with weekly expenditure budgets leads to, on average, higher savings rates and welfare improvements.

Since at least Hume and Kant, philosophers working on the nature of aesthetic judgment have generally agreed that common sense does not treat aesthetic judgments in the same way as typical expressions of subjective preferences-rather, it endows them with intersubjective validity, the property of being right or wrong regardless of disagreement. Moreover, this apparent intersubjective validity has been taken to constitute one of the main explananda for philosophical accounts of aesthetic judgment. But is it really the case that most people spontaneously treat aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity? In this paper, we report the results of a cross-cultural study with over 2,000 respondents spanning 19 countries. Despite significant geographical variations, these results suggest that most people do not treat their own aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories of aesthetic judgment and the purpose of aesthetics in general.

Organizations learn from direct experience and the experience of others, and code these experiences as successes or failures by comparing against certain reference point. Although the growing literature on learning from success and failure has made meaningful headway in exploring these differences, our understanding of the processes through which learning through experience with failure and success is still quite limited. This symposium brings together a series of papers dealing with cutting-edge issues related to organizational learning from success and failure. Individually as well as collectively, these papers address fundamental, central, and unresolved questions regarding how organizations learn through successes and failures, why differences arise across these forms of learning, and what outcomes can be expected from related learning processes. Can Learning and Markets Solve Challenges to Dynamic Decision Making? Presenter: Hazhir Rahmandad; MIT Sloan School of Management Presenter: Jerker C. Denrell; U. of Warwick Presenter: Drazen Prelec; MIT A Generalized Model of When the Matthew Effect Reverses Inferences about Successes and Failures Presenter: Jerker C. Denrell; U. of Warwick Presenter: Chengwei Liu; ESMT Berlin Presenter: David Maslach; Florida State U. Learning from Unique Successes Presenter: Carolyn Fu; MIT The Entourage Effect: Incidental Academic Citation Spillovers from ‘Star’ Papers to Their Neighbors Presenter: Christopher Olivola; Carnegie Mellon U. Presenter: Chengwei Liu; ESMT Berlin Who Gets ‘to Guru’? Career Age and Heterogeneity in Cross-Audience Spillover Effects Presenter: Brian Philip Reschke; Brigham Young U. Presenter: Taeya Howell; Brigham Young U.

NoûsVolume 53, Issue 1 p. 224-247 ARTICLE Nothing at Stake in Knowledge* David Rose, David Rose drose@philosophy.rutgers.edu Rutgers UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorEdouard Machery, Edouard Machery machery@pitt.edu University of PittsburghSearch for more papers by this authorStephen Stich, Stephen Stich stich.steve@gmail.com Rutgers UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMario Alai, Mario Alai mario.alai@libero.it University of UrbinoSearch for more papers by this authorAdriano Angelucci, Adriano Angelucci adrian.angelucci@gmail.com University of UrbinoSearch for more papers by this authorRenatas Berniūnas, Renatas Berniūnas renatasberniunas@gmail.com Vilnius UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorEmma E. Buchtel, Emma E. Buchtel buchtel@eduhk.hk The Education University of Hong KongSearch for more papers by this authorAmita Chatterjee, Amita Chatterjee chatterjeeamita@gmail.com Jadavpur UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorHyundeuk Cheon, Hyundeuk Cheon hdcheon@gmail.com Ewha Womans UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorIn-Rae Cho, In-Rae Cho ircho@snu.ac.kr Seoul National UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorDaniel Cohnitz, Daniel Cohnitz d.cohnitz@uu.nl Utrecht UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorFlorian Cova, Florian Cova florian.cova@gmail.com University of GenevaSearch for more papers by this authorVilius Dranseika, Vilius Dranseika vilius.dranseika@fsf.vu.lt Vilnius University, LithuaniaSearch for more papers by this authorÁngeles Eraña Lagos, Ángeles Eraña Lagos mael@filosoficas.unam.mx Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, UNAMSearch for more papers by this authorLaleh Ghadakpour, Laleh Ghadakpour laleh@ghadakpour.net Independent Scholar, IranSearch for more papers by this authorMaurice Grinberg, Maurice Grinberg mgrinberg@ngu.bg New Bulgarian UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorIvar Hannikainen, Ivar Hannikainen ivar.hannikainen@gmail.com Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroSearch for more papers by this authorTakaaki Hashimoto, Takaaki Hashimoto hshmt@l.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorAmir Horowitz, Amir Horowitz amirho@openu.ac.il Open University of IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorEvgeniya Hristova, Evgeniya Hristova ehristova@cogs.nbu.bg New Bulgarian UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYasmina Jraissati, Yasmina Jraissati yasmina.jraissati@gmail.com American University of BeirutSearch for more papers by this authorVeselina Kadreva, Veselina Kadreva vkadreva@nbu.bg New Bulgarian UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKaori Karasawa, Kaori Karasawa karasawa@l.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorHackjin Kim, Hackjin Kim hackjinkim@korea.ac.kr Korea UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYeonjeong Kim, Yeonjeong Kim yeonjeongkim@cmu.edu Carnegie Mellon UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMinwoo Lee, Minwoo Lee redooly86@gmail.com Korea University, SeoulSearch for more papers by this authorCarlos Mauro, Carlos Mauro cmauro72@gmail.com Católica Porto Business SchoolSearch for more papers by this authorMasaharu Mizumoto, Masaharu Mizumoto mizumoto@jaist.ac.jp Japan Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySearch for more papers by this authorSebastiano Moruzzi, Sebastiano Moruzzi sebastiano.moruzzi@unibo.it University of BolognaSearch for more papers by this authorChristopher Y. Olivola, Christopher Y. Olivola olivola@cmu.edu Carnegie Mellon UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorJorge Ornelas, Jorge Ornelas jornelass@gmail.com Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSearch for more papers by this authorBarbara Osimani, Barbara Osimani B.Osimani@lmu.de Ludwig-Maximilians Univesität, München – MCMPSearch for more papers by this authorCarlos Romero, Carlos Romero ckronosz@hotmail.com UNAMSearch for more papers by this authorAlejandro Rosas Lopez, Alejandro Rosas Lopez arosasl@unal.edu.co National University of ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorMassimo Sangoi, Massimo Sangoi massimosangoi@hotmail.com University of UrbinoSearch for more papers by this authorAndrea Sereni, Andrea Sereni andrea.sereni@iusspavia.it Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaSearch for more papers by this authorSarah Songhorian, Sarah Songhorian songhorian.sarah@unisr.it Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele MilanoSearch for more papers by this authorPaulo Sousa, Paulo Sousa paulo.sousa@qub.ac.uk Institute of Cognition and Culture, Queen's University BelfastSearch for more papers by this authorNoel Struchiner, Noel Struchiner struchiner@gmail.com Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroSearch for more papers by this authorVera Tripodi, Vera Tripodi vera.tripodi@unito.it University of TurinSearch for more papers by this authorNaoki Usui, Naoki Usui nusui@nna.so-net.ne.jp Mie UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorAlejandro Vázquez del Mercado, Alejandro Vázquez del Mercado vazquezdelmercado@gmail.com UNAMSearch for more papers by this authorGiorgio Volpe, Giorgio Volpe giorgio.volpe@unibo.it University of BolognaSearch for more papers by this authorHrag Abraham Vosgerichian, Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian hav00@aub.edu.lb American University of BeirutSearch for more papers by this authorXueyi Zhang, Xueyi Zhang zxynj0928@126.com Southeast University, P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorJing Zhu, Jing Zhu zhujing6@mail.sysu.edu.cn Sun Yat-Sen UniversitySearch for more papers by this author David Rose, David Rose drose@philosophy.rutgers.edu Rutgers UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorEdouard Machery, Edouard Machery machery@pitt.edu University of PittsburghSearch for more papers by this authorStephen Stich, Stephen Stich stich.steve@gmail.com Rutgers UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMario Alai, Mario Alai mario.alai@libero.it University of UrbinoSearch for more papers by this authorAdriano Angelucci, Adriano Angelucci adrian.angelucci@gmail.com University of UrbinoSearch for more papers by this authorRenatas Berniūnas, Renatas Berniūnas renatasberniunas@gmail.com Vilnius UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorEmma E. Buchtel, Emma E. Buchtel buchtel@eduhk.hk The Education University of Hong KongSearch for more papers by this authorAmita Chatterjee, Amita Chatterjee chatterjeeamita@gmail.com Jadavpur UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorHyundeuk Cheon, Hyundeuk Cheon hdcheon@gmail.com Ewha Womans UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorIn-Rae Cho, In-Rae Cho ircho@snu.ac.kr Seoul National UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorDaniel Cohnitz, Daniel Cohnitz d.cohnitz@uu.nl Utrecht UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorFlorian Cova, Florian Cova florian.cova@gmail.com University of GenevaSearch for more papers by this authorVilius Dranseika, Vilius Dranseika vilius.dranseika@fsf.vu.lt Vilnius University, LithuaniaSearch for more papers by this authorÁngeles Eraña Lagos, Ángeles Eraña Lagos mael@filosoficas.unam.mx Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, UNAMSearch for more papers by this authorLaleh Ghadakpour, Laleh Ghadakpour laleh@ghadakpour.net Independent Scholar, IranSearch for more papers by this authorMaurice Grinberg, Maurice Grinberg mgrinberg@ngu.bg New Bulgarian UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorIvar Hannikainen, Ivar Hannikainen ivar.hannikainen@gmail.com Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroSearch for more papers by this authorTakaaki Hashimoto, Takaaki Hashimoto hshmt@l.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorAmir Horowitz, Amir Horowitz amirho@openu.ac.il Open University of IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorEvgeniya Hristova, Evgeniya Hristova ehristova@cogs.nbu.bg New Bulgarian UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYasmina Jraissati, Yasmina Jraissati yasmina.jraissati@gmail.com American University of BeirutSearch for more papers by this authorVeselina Kadreva, Veselina Kadreva vkadreva@nbu.bg New Bulgarian UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKaori Karasawa, Kaori Karasawa karasawa@l.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorHackjin Kim, Hackjin Kim hackjinkim@korea.ac.kr Korea UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYeonjeong Kim, Yeonjeong Kim yeonjeongkim@cmu.edu Carnegie Mellon UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMinwoo Lee, Minwoo Lee redooly86@gmail.com Korea University, SeoulSearch for more papers by this authorCarlos Mauro, Carlos Mauro cmauro72@gmail.com Católica Porto Business SchoolSearch for more papers by this authorMasaharu Mizumoto, Masaharu Mizumoto mizumoto@jaist.ac.jp Japan Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySearch for more papers by this authorSebastiano Moruzzi, Sebastiano Moruzzi sebastiano.moruzzi@unibo.it University of BolognaSearch for more papers by this authorChristopher Y. Olivola, Christopher Y. Olivola olivola@cmu.edu Carnegie Mellon UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorJorge Ornelas, Jorge Ornelas jornelass@gmail.com Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSearch for more papers by this authorBarbara Osimani, Barbara Osimani B.Osimani@lmu.de Ludwig-Maximilians Univesität, München – MCMPSearch for more papers by this authorCarlos Romero, Carlos Romero ckronosz@hotmail.com UNAMSearch for more papers by this authorAlejandro Rosas Lopez, Alejandro Rosas Lopez arosasl@unal.edu.co National University of ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorMassimo Sangoi, Massimo Sangoi massimosangoi@hotmail.com University of UrbinoSearch for more papers by this authorAndrea Sereni, Andrea Sereni andrea.sereni@iusspavia.it Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaSearch for more papers by this authorSarah Songhorian, Sarah Songhorian songhorian.sarah@unisr.it Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele MilanoSearch for more papers by this authorPaulo Sousa, Paulo Sousa paulo.sousa@qub.ac.uk Institute of Cognition and Culture, Queen's University BelfastSearch for more papers by this authorNoel Struchiner, Noel Struchiner struchiner@gmail.com Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroSearch for more papers by this authorVera Tripodi, Vera Tripodi vera.tripodi@unito.it University of TurinSearch for more papers by this authorNaoki Usui, Naoki Usui nusui@nna.so-net.ne.jp Mie UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorAlejandro Vázquez del Mercado, Alejandro Vázquez del Mercado vazquezdelmercado@gmail.com UNAMSearch for more papers by this authorGiorgio Volpe, Giorgio Volpe giorgio.volpe@unibo.it University of BolognaSearch for more papers by this authorHrag Abraham Vosgerichian, Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian hav00@aub.edu.lb American University of BeirutSearch for more papers by this authorXueyi Zhang, Xueyi Zhang zxynj0928@126.com Southeast University, P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorJing Zhu, Jing Zhu zhujing6@mail.sysu.edu.cn Sun Yat-Sen UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 August 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12211Citations: 25 † *This paper is dedicated to Richard Nisbett, who helped create the field of experimental philosophy, on the occasion of his retirement. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume53, Issue1March 2019Pages 224-247 RelatedInformation