ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of the hip fracture triad (acetabular fracture, hip dislocation combined with proximal femur fracture).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 11 patients with hip fracture triad admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020. There were 9 males and 2 females; age (38.7 ± 12.2) years old (range 12–53 years). After all patients are admitted to the hospital, a treatment plan will be formulated based on the fracture type and associated injuries, and long-term follow-up will be conducted.ResultsThis study included clinical data of 11 patients with hip fracture triad, of which 9 cases were treated surgically and 2 cases were treated conservatively. All patients were followed up. 9 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was (4.4 ± 1.4) hours (range 3–8 h); intraoperative bleeding was (600.0 ± 355.9) ml (range 400–1,200 ml). Fracture reduction was evaluated according to the acetabular fracture Matta score: 7 cases were excellent, 2 was good, and none was poor; 2 patients with old injuries chose conservative treatment as the final treatment plan. Acetabular fractures at the final follow-up were evaluated using the modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score of the hip joint: 7 cases were excellent, 1 was good, and 3 were poor. 1 patient developed traumatic hip arthritis after surgery, underwent total hip arthroplasty, and recovered well after surgery; 1 patient underwent hemihip arthroplasty 1 year after surgery due to femoral neck fracture and recovered well after surgery; 1 patient suffered from cerebral infarction complicated by long-term bed rest, poor hip joint mobility and basic loss of self-care ability; 2 patients with conservative treatment of old fracture had limited hip joint functional mobility, unequal length of both lower limbs, and poor hip joint mobility.ConclusionThe hip fracture triad is a complex, high-energy injury that is extremely rare clinically. A correct understanding of the characteristics and mechanism of this type of injury, and prompt and effective treatment strategies, will help improve patient prognosis. Surgery is the preferred treatment option for this injury, and early reduction or lower limb traction can help reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Peripheral nerve injury is a prevalent clinical disease, but achieving functional recovery remains a significant research challenge. In recent years, the therapeutic efficacy of nerve repair materials has garnered widespread attention from researchers. Notably, the adhesion interface between the repair material and the nerve tissue stands as a critical factor affecting the outcome of nerve regeneration. In this review, we firstly outline the importance of adhesion interface in nerve repair; subsequently, we systematically summarize the typical adhesion mechanisms; in addition, we discuss the design of adhesion interfaces for natural and synthetic materials, as well as the dry and wet adhesion strategies. To address the in vivo wet environment, emphasis is placed on the adhesion design of wet-adhesive materials and related research progress. Furthermore, methods to evaluate adhesion property and strategies for materials functionalization are also provided. Through summarizing the current research findings, this paper aims to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the optimal de-sign of interfaces of nerve repair materials, thereby facilitating the clinical translational application of peripheral nerve injury repair materials.

Cartilage defect is one of the common tissue defect clinical diseases and may finally lead to osteoarthritis (OA) which threat patients’ physical and psychological health. Polysaccharide is the main component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in cartilage tissue. In the past decades, polysaccharide-based hydrogels have shown great potential for cartilage regeneration considering unique qualities such as biocompatibility, enhanced cell proliferation, drug delivery, low toxicity, and many others. Structures such as chain length and chain branching make polysaccharides have different physical and chemical properties. In this review, cartilage diseases and current treatment options of polysaccharide-based hydrogels for cartilage defection repair were illustrated. We focus on how components and structures of recently developed materials affect the performance. The challenges and perspectives for polysaccharide-based hydrogels in cartilage repair and regeneration were also discussed in depth.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is an unresolved medical problem with limited therapeutic effects. Epineurium neurorrhaphy is an important method for treating PNI in clinical application, but it is accompanied by inevitable complications such as the misconnection of nerve fibers and neuroma formation. Conduits small gap tubulization has been proved to be an effective suture method to replace the epineurium neurorrhaphy. In this study, we demonstrated a method for constructing peripheral nerve conduits based on the principle of chitosan acetylation. In addition, the micromorphology, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the chitin nerve conduits formed by chitosan acetylation were further tested. The results showed chitin was a high-quality biological material for constructing nerve conduits. Previous reports have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells culture as spheroids can improve the therapeutic potential. In the present study, we used a hanging drop protocol to prepare bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) spheroids. Meanwhile, spherical stem cells could express higher stemness-related genes. In the PNI rat model with small gap tubulization, BMSCs spheres exhibited a higher ability to improve sciatic nerve regeneration than BMSCs suspension. Chitin nerve conduits with BMSCs spheroids provide a promising therapy option for peripheral nerve regeneration.

BackgroundTrochanteric fractures usually require surgical treatment. The currently used classification system, such as AO classification, cannot cover all variant types, and is poor in reliability, causing confusion in surgical decision making. This study describes a simple, well-covered, re-liable, accurate, and clinically useful classification.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 907 patients with trochanteric fractures treated by us from 1,999 to 2019 and proposed a new classification according to radiographs. Then, 50 records randomly selected in proportion were examined by 10 observers (5 experienced and 5 inexperienced) independently according to AO and the new classification. After a 2-week interval, repeat evaluation was completed. The Kappa coefficient was used to investigate the intra-observer reliability, inter-observer reliability and the agreement between the observers and the “reference standard”.ResultsThe new classification system includes 12 types composed of 3 medial groups and 4 lateral groups. According to the medial buttress, the fractures are divided into group I (intact lesser trochanter, adequate but-tress), group II (incomplete lesser trochanter, effective cortical buttress after reduction) and group III (huge defect of the medial cortex). According to the penetration region of the lateral fracture line, the fractures are divided into group A (intact lateral cortex), group B (incomplete lateral cortex), group C (subtrochanteric fractures) and group D (multiple lateral fracture lines). All of the included cases can be classified according to the new classification, of which 34 (3.75%) cases are unclassifiable by the AO classification. Intra-observer: The experienced achieved substantial agreement using both AO [k = 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.46–0.76)] and new classification [k = 0.65 (0.55–0.76)]. The inexperienced reached moderate agreement using both AO [k = 0.48 (0.33–0.62)] and new classification [k = 0.60 (0.50–0.71)]. Inter-observer: The overall reliabilities for AO [k = 0.51 (0.49–0.53)] and for new classification [k = 0.57 (0.55–0.58)] were both moderate. The agreement between the experienced and the reference standard according to AO [k = 0.61 (0.49–0.74)] and new classification [k = 0.63 (0.54–0.72)] were both substantial. The agreement between the inexperienced and the reference standard according to AO [k = 0.48 (0.45–0.50)] and the new classification [k = 0.48 (0.41–0.54)] were both moderate.ConclusionCompared with AO classification, our new classification is better in coverage, reliability and accuracy, and has the feasibility of clinical verification and promotion.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are of therapeutic interest because of their important role in intracellular communication and biological regulation.On the basis of previously studied nerve conduits,we designed a polydopamine-modified chitin conduit loaded with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes that release the exosomes in a sustained and stable manner.In vitro experiments revealed that rat mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhanced Schwann cell proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic and growth factors,increased the expression of Jun and Sox2 genes,decreased the expression of Mbp and Krox20 genes in Schwann cells,and reprogrammed Schwann cells to a repair phenotype.Furthermore,mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promoted neurite growth of dorsal root ganglia.The polydopamine-modified chitin conduits loaded with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were used to bridge 2 mm rat sciatic nerve defects.Sustained release of exosomes greatly accelerated nerve healing and improved nerve function.These findings confirm that sustained release of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded into polydopamine-modified chitin conduits promotes the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.

The introduction of neurotrophic factors into injured peripheral nerve sites is beneficial to peripheral nerve regeneration. However, neurotrophic factors are rapidly degraded in vivo and obstruct axonal regeneration when used at a supraphysiological dose, which limits their clinical benefits. Bioactive mimetic peptides have been developed to be used in place of neurotrophic factors because they have a similar mode of action to the original growth factors and can activate the equivalent receptors but have simplified sequences and structures. In this study, we created polydopamine-modified chitin conduits loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic peptides and vascular endothelial growth factor mimetic peptides (Chi/PDA-Ps). We found that the Chi/ PDA-Ps conduits were less cytotoxic in vitro than chitin conduits alone and provided sustained release of functional peptides. In this study, we evaluated the biocompatibility of the Chi/PDA-Ps conduits. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor mimetic peptide synergistically promoted proliferation of Schwann cells and secretion of neurotrophic factors by Schwann cells and attachment and migration of endothelial cells in vitro. The Chi/PDA-Ps conduits were used to bridge a 2 mm gap between the nerve stumps in rat models of sciatic nerve injury. We found that the application of Chi/PDA-Ps conduits could improve the motor function of rats and reduce gastrocnemius atrophy. The electrophysiological results and the microstructure of regenerative nerves showed that the nerve conduction function and remyelination was further restored. These findings suggest that the Chi/PDA-Ps conduits have great potential in peripheral nerve injury repair.

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Because of its biocompatibility and non-biotoxicity, chitosan is widely used in the fields of medicine and agriculture. With the latest technology and technological progress, different active functional groups can be connected by modification, surface modification, or other configurations with various physical, chemical, and biological properties. These changes can significantly expand the application range and efficacy of chitosan polymers. This paper reviews the different uses of chitosan, such as catheter bridging to repair nerve broken ends, making wound auxiliaries, as tissue engineering repair materials for bone or cartilage, or as carriers for a variety of drugs to expand the volume or slow-release and even show potential in the fight against COVID-19. In addition, it is also discussed that chitosan in agriculture can improve the growth of crops and can be used as an antioxidant coating because its natural antibacterial properties are used alone or in conjunction with a variety of endophytic bacteria and metal ions. Generally speaking, chitosan is a kind of polymer material with excellent development prospects in medicine and agriculture.

Studies have shown that myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) can inhibit axon regeneration after nerve injury. However, the effects of MAG on neuroma formation after peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood. In this study, local injection of MAG combined with nerve cap made of chitin conduit was used to intervene with the formation of painful neuroma after sciatic nerve transfection in rats. After 8 weeks of combined treatment, the autotomy behaviors were reduced in rats subjected to sciatic nerve transfection, the mRNA expression of nerve growth factor, a pain marker, in the proximal nerve stump was decreased, the density of regenerated axons was decreased, the thickness of the myelin sheath was increased, and the ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated axons was reduced. Moereover, the percentage of collagen fiber area and the percentage of fibrosis marker alpha-smooth muscle actin positive staining area in the proximal nerve stump were decreased. The combined treatment exhibited superior effects in these measures to chitin conduit treatment alone. These findings suggest that MAG combined with chitin conduit synergistically inhibits the formation of painful neuroma after sciatic nerve transection and alleviates neuropathic pain. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital (approval No. 2019PHE027) on December 5, 2019.

There are many problems and challenges related to the treatment of highly prevalent oral mucosal dis-eases and oral drug delivery because of a large amount of saliva present in the oral cavity, the accom-panying oral movements, and unconscious swallowing in the mouth. Therefore, an ideal oral dressing should possess stable adhesion and superior tough strength in the oral cavity. However, this fundamental requirement greatly limits the use of synthetic adhesive dressings for oral dressings. Here, we devel-oped a mussel-inspired Janus gelatin-polydopamine-nano-clay (GPC) hydrogel with controlled adhesion and toughness through the synergistic physical and chemical interaction of gelatin (Gel), nano-clay, and dopamine (DA). The hydrogel not only exhibits strong wet adhesion force (63 kPa) but also has high toughness (1026 +/- 100 J m -3). Interfacial adhesion of hydrogels is achieved by modulating the interac-tion of catechol groups of the hydrogel with specific functional groups (e.g., NH2, SH, OH, and COOH) on the tissue surface. The matrix dissipation of the hydrogel is regulated by physical crosslinking of gelatin, chemical crosslinking of gelatin with polydopamine (Michael addition and Schiff base formation), and nano-clay-induced constraint of the molecular chain. In addition, the GPC hydrogel shows high cell affin-ity and favors cell adhesion and proliferation. The hydrogel's instant and strong mucoadhesive properties provide a long-lasting therapeutic effect of the drug, thereby enhancing the healing of oral ulcers. There-fore, mussel-inspired wet-adhesion Janus GPC hydrogels can be used as a platform for mucosal dressing and drug delivery systems.Statement of significance It is a great challenge to treat oral mucosal diseases due to the large amount of saliva present in the oral cavity, the accompanying oral movements, unconscious swallowing, and flushing of drugs in the mouth. To overcome the significant limitations of clinical bioadhesives, such as weakness, toxicity, and poor usage, in the present study, we developed a simple method through the synergistic effects of gelatin, polydopamine, and nano-clay to prepare an optimal mucosal dressing (Janus GPC) that integrates Janus, adhesion, toughness, and drug release property. It fits effectively in the mouth, resists saliva flushing and oral movements, provides oral drug delivery, and reduces patient discomfort. The Janus GPC adhesive hydrogels have great commercial potential to support further the development of innovative therapies for oral mucosal diseases.(c) 2022 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transferring the contralateral C7 nerve root to the median or radial nerve has become an important means of repairing brachial plexus nerve injury. However, outcomes have been disappointing. Electroencephalography(EEG)-based human-machine interfaces have achieved promising results in promoting neurological recovery by controlling a distal exoskeleton to perform functional limb exercises early after nerve injury, which maintains target muscle activity and promotes the neurological rehabilitation effect. This review summarizes the progress of research in EEG-based human-machine interface combined with contralateral C7 transfer repair of brachial plexus nerve injury. Nerve transfer may result in loss of nerve function in the donor area, so only nerves with minimal impact on the donor area, such as the C7 nerve, should be selected as the donor. Single tendon transfer does not fully restore optimal joint function, so multiple functions often need to be reestablished simultaneously. Compared with traditional manual rehabilitation, EEG-based human-machine interfaces have the potential to maximize patient initiative and promote nerve regeneration and cortical remodeling, which facilitates neurological recovery. In the early stages of brachial plexus injury treatment, the use of an EEG-based human-machine interface combined with contralateral C7 transfer can facilitate postoperative neurological recovery by making full use of the brain's computational capabilities and actively controlling functional exercise with the aid of external machinery. It can also prevent disuse atrophy of muscles and target organs and maintain neuromuscular junction effectiveness. Promoting cortical remodeling is also particularly important for neurological recovery after contralateral C7 transfer. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanism by which early movement delays neuromuscular junction damage and promotes cortical remodeling. Understanding this mechanism should help guide the development of neurological rehabilitation strategies for patients with brachial plexus injury.

Development of tissue-engineered alternatives to nerve autografts remains a serious challenge particularly considering the electroactive properties of native peripheral nerves. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) conductive nerve scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated using an integration molding method. In vitro, the combination of PCL/CNTs scaffolds with electrical stimulation that mimic the endogenous electric fields could significantly promote Schwann cell proliferation and neurotrophic factor genes expression. In vivo, the effects of PCL/CNTs scaffolds on peripheral nerve regeneration were investigated using a 15-mm rat sciatic nerve defect model. Functional and histological tests indicated that PCL/CNTs scaffolds could effectively promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Therefore, PCL/CNTs scaffolds are promising candidates for peripheral nerve restoration.

Osteoporosis is a common localized or systemic skeletal illness in the clinic, characterized by bone production weakness and increased bone resorption, resulting in a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), and affecting mostly postmenopausal women. The risk of osteoporosis or even osteoporotic fracture increases as age increases, putting more pressure on society and families. Although anti-osteoporosis drugs have been developed, some side effects are still observed in the treatment group. Hence the need for more reasonable therapeutic strategies. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted virtually by all types of cells in vivo, which play an important role in intercellular communication. Compared with conventional drugs and stem cells transplantation therapy, exosomes have apparent advantages of lower toxicity and immunogenicity. Exosomes contain many functional molecules, such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred into recipient cells to regulate a series of signaling pathways and influence physiological and pathological behavior. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge of exosomes and the therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages in osteoporosis. Finally, a prospect of new treatment strategies for osteoporosis using new biomaterial scaffolds combined with exosomes is also given.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of peripheral nerve tissue engineering due to their unique structural and physical characteristics. In this study, a novel type of aligned conductive scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and CNTs were fabricated via electrospinning. Utilizing mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) surface modification, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was loaded onto PCL/CNT fibrous scaffolds to obtain PCL/CNT-PDA-BDNF fibrous scaffolds capable of the sustained release of BDNF over 28 d. Schwann cells were cultured on these scaffolds, and the effect of the scaffolds on peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro was assessed by studying cell proliferation, morphology and the expressions of myelination-related genes S100, P0 and myelin basic protein. Furthermore, the effect of these scaffolds on peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo was investigated using a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect model. Both the in vitro and in vivo results indicate that PCL/CNT-PDA-BDNF fibrous scaffolds effectively promote sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Therefore, PCL/CNT-PDA-BDNF fibrous scaffolds have great potential for peripheral nerve restoration.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the common clinical injuries which needs to be addressed. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of using biodegradable chitin (CT) conduits small gap tubulization technology as a substitute for traditional epineurial neurorrhaphy. Aiming to improve the effectiveness of CT conduits in repairing PNI, we modified their surface with a DNA-peptide coating. The coating consisted of single strand DNA (ssDNA) and its complementary DNA'-peptide mimics. First, we immobilize ssDNA (DNA1 + 2) on CT conduits by carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) method to construct CT/DNA conduits. EDC/NHS was used to activate carboxyl groups of modified ssDNA for direct reaction with primary amines on the CT via amide bond formation. Then, DNA1'-BDNF + DNA2'-VEGF mimic peptide (RGI + KLT) were bonded to CT/DNA conduits by complementary base pairing principle at room temperature to form CT/RGI + KLT conduits. When the surrounding environment rose to a certain point (37 °C), the CT/RGI + KLT conduits achieved sustainable release of DNA'-peptide.In vitro, the CT conduits modified with the DNA-peptide coating promoted the proliferation and secretion of Schwann cells by maintaining their repair state. It also promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells and axon outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion explants.In vivo, CT/RGI + KLT conduits promoted regeneration of injured nerves and functional recovery of target muscles, which was facilitated by the synergistic contribution of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Our research brings DNA and DNA-peptide hybrids into the realm of tissue engineering to repair PNI.

Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs have achieved promising results in many surgical specialties. However, uncertainty still remains regarding the effect of ERAS on hip fractures. The objective of this review was to investigate the clinical prognosis of ERAS programs in terms of (1) hospital-related endpoints (time to surgery [TTS], length of stay [LOS]), (2) readmission rate, (3) complications, and (4) mortality. Methods Published literature was searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. All of the included studies met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes were TTS and LOS. The secondary outcomes included the 30-day readmission rate, overall complication rate, specific complication rate (delirium and urinary tract infection), and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Language was restricted to English. The data analysis was carried out by Review Manager 5.3. Results A total of 7 published studies (9869 patients) were finally included, and these were all cohort studies. The meta-analysis showed that the TTS, LOS, and overall complication rate were significantly reduced in the ERAS group compared with the control group ( p < 0.01). Moreover, no significant change was found in the 30-day readmission rate or 30-day and 1-year mortality. Conclusions ERAS significantly decreases the TTS, LOS, and complication rate without increasing readmission rate and mortality, which adds to the evidence that the implementation of ERAS is beneficial to patients undergoing hip fracture repair surgeries.

周围神经缺损是临床上严重的神经损伤类型之一,尽管现在已有多种非手术及手术方案用于修复神经缺损、促进神经功能康复,但由于无法有效解决损伤神经的精准对合、快速长入以及远端效应器的失神经萎缩等问题,因此神经的功能恢复是一个具有挑战性的医学难题.针对这些问题,周围神经人机接口受到了越来越多的医师及科研工作者重视,这种接口可以将周围神经的电信号传递到外骨骼等辅助康复装置,通过早期被动活动促进肌肉功能恢复,防止靶器官萎缩,并同时将来自外骨骼的感觉信号反馈传入周围神经,促进因神经错接形成感觉异常的神经重塑,从而促进相应损伤神经功能的康复.随着材料学的更新,人机接口促进患者预后的改善有着重要的发展前景.

With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury remains a critical public health problem because of the subsequent impairment or absence of sensorimotor function. Uncomfortable complications of peripheral nerve injury, such as chronic pain, can also cause problems for families and society. A number of studies have demonstrated that the proper functioning of the nervous system depends not only on a complete connection from the central nervous system to the surrounding targets at an anatomical level, but also on the continuous bilateral communication between the two. After peripheral nerve injury, the interruption of afferent and efferent signals can cause complex pathophysiological changes, including neurochemical alterations, modifications in the adaptability of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and the reorganization of somatosensory and motor regions. This review discusses the close relationship between the cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. We also focus on common therapies for peripheral nerve injury and summarize their potential mechanisms in relation to cortical plasticity. It has been suggested that cortical plasticity may be important for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage. Further understanding of the potential common mechanisms between cortical reorganization and nerve injury will help to elucidate the pathophysiological processes of nerve injury, and may allow for the reduction of adverse consequences during peripheral nerve injury recovery. We also review the role that regulating reorganization mechanisms plays in functional recovery, and conclude with a suggestion to target cortical plasticity along with therapeutic interventions to promote peripheral nerve injury recovery.

The nervous system is a significant part of the human body, and peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma can cause various functional disorders. When the broken end defect is large and cannot be repaired by direct suture, small gap sutures of nerve conduits can effectively replace nerve transplantation and avoid the side effect of donor area disorders. There are many choices for nerve conduits, and natural materials and synthetic polymers have their advantages. Among them, the nerve scaffold should meet the requirements of good degradability, biocompatibility, promoting axon growth, supporting axon expansion and regeneration, and higher cell adhesion. Polymer biological scaffolds can change some shortcomings of raw materials by using electrospinning filling technology and surface modification technology to make them more suitable for nerve regeneration. Therefore, polymer scaffolds have a substantial prospect in the field of biomedicine in future. This paper reviews the application of nerve conduits in the field of repairing peripheral nerve injury, and we discuss the latest progress of materials and fabrication techniques of these polymer scaffolds.

骨折复位内固定术是骨科的常规手术,内固定作为该手术的关键步骤之一,目的是维持骨折断端的复位.现阶段临床上使用的接骨板和螺钉系统大多数采用金属材料通过传统工艺制备而成,因其缺乏个性化外形且不具备降解性能,常常难以匹配特殊形态的骨折部位且需要二次手术取出.可降解材料结合增材制造技术有望解决以上问题,其可赋予接骨板个性化外形和降解性能,达到更好的治疗效果.但目前可降解个性化接骨板的制备和临床试验流程在国内外均缺乏统一认识和标准.因此,本共识专家组经过多轮讨论,以有机/无机复合材料接骨板为例,从可降解个性化接骨板的"增材制造流程"和"临床试验流程"两方面出发形成本共识,为国内外各中心可降解个性化接骨板的制备和临床试验提供参考.