L’activité agricole est en interaction avec d’autres activités anthropiques potentiellement émettrices de Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP). Ces molécules posent des problèmes de transfert dans la chaîne alimentaire, notamment vers les produits animaux. Les POP sont caractérisés par une forte rémanence, une volatilité élevée et une lipophilicité marquée entraînant leur accumulation potentielle dans les tissus adipeux. Ce groupe de molécules potentiellement toxiques pour l’homme et l’environnement fait l’objet d’une attention internationale. L’objectif de cette synthèse est d’aborder le devenir de trois familles de composés POP, de type hydrocarbures polycycliques: les dioxines-furanes (PCDD/F), les polychlorobiphényls (PCB) et les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Les résultats de recherche montrent une contamination significative des fourrages situés en zones exposées aux polluants par comparaison avec des zones isolées. Ils mettent également en évidence un transfert différentiel de ces molécules toxiques vers les matrices biologiques dont le lait.Human activities produce polluting compounds such as the Persistent Organic Pollutants group (POPs) which may interact with agriculture. These molecules raised concern about risk of transfer through the food chain via the animal product. The POPs are characterised by a strong persistence in the environment, a high volatility and a lipophilicity which lead to their accumulation in fat tissues. These compounds are enlisted in international conventions to organise the information about their potential toxicity for humans and the environment. The aim of this paper is to study transfer in the food chain of three groups of POPs: the dioxins-furans (PCDD/F), the polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) and the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). The results show that the contamination of fodder by these compounds is observed when they are exposed to emission sources compared to remote areas. They also show that a differential transfer of the molecules is detected towards biological matrices (milk).

SAA1-O-04 The aim of this multicentric case-control study was to evaluate the frequency of occupational causes of bladder cancer and the distribution of exposure situations. Between 1998 and 2004, 316 male incident cases of bladder cancer and 316 male controls matched on age were recruited in 5 hospitals. Each subject had a face-to-face interview to collect information on tobacco consumption and on the complete job history occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), aromatic amines (AA), and nitrosamines (NA) evaluated by 2 occupational experts, blindly according to the case/control status. For each subject, a cumulative exposure index (CEI) to PAH, AA, and NA was calculated, taking into account probability, frequency, and exposure level for all job periods during the working life. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for bladder cancer occurrence and PAH, AA, and NA exposures, adjusted for age and tobacco smoking. As expected, this study shows a dose-effect relationship between tobacco consumption levels and risk of bladder cancer (OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.14–3.41) for low tobacco consumption level (1–20 pack-years [PY], 5.36; 95% CI, 3.14–9.16) for high tobacco consumption level (21–40 PY and 11.66; 95% CI, 6.63–20.48) for very high tobacco consumption level (>40 PY). A dose-response relationship was observed between probability of exposure to PAH or cumulative exposure index to PAH and risk of bladder cancer after adjustment on age and tobacco consumption (OR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.39–3.85) for definite exposure and OR = 1.93 (95% CI, 1.08–3.43) for higher CEI). By contrast, no relationship was identified between AA or NA and bladder cancer in this series. Excess bladder cancer risks were observed in various occupations, such as motor vehicle drivers (P < 0.0002), earthmoving plant or material handling drivers (P < 0.002), and sheet-metal workers (P < 0.0006) and in various industries, such as wood industry (P < 0.0002), ship building and repairing and manufacture of railroad equipment, motor vehicles and aircraft (P < 0.0005), freight transport by road (P < 0.006), and retail trade (P < 0.004). The lack of dose-response relationship between bladder cancer AA or NA exposures and bladder cancer could reflect a decrease of exposures to AA and NA in a few decades. By contrast, the relationship between PAH exposure and bladder cancer justifies going deeply into exposure situations identified of this study in order to propose specific prevention programs.

Germinal activating mutations of FGFR3 are responsible for several forms of dwarfism due to the inhibitory effect of FGFR3 on bone growth. Surprisingly, identical somatic activating mutations have been found at the somatic level in tumours: at high frequency in benign epithelial tumours (seborrheic keratosis, urothelial papilloma) and in low-grade, low-stage urothelial carcinomas, and at a lower frequency in other types of urothelial carcinoma, in cervix carcinoma, and in haematological cancer, multiple myeloma. FGFR3 exists as two isoforms, FGFR3b and FGFR3c, differs in ligand specificity and tissue expression. FGFR3b is the main form in epithelial cells and derived tumours, whereas FGFR3c is the main form in mesenchyme-derived cells and multiple myeloma. Several lines of evidence suggest that mutated FGFR3c has transforming properties. Although mutated FGFR3b is mostly found in benign epithelial tumours or carcinomas of low malignant potential, we present evidence here that mutated FGFR3b is oncogenic. All bladder tumours presenting FGFR3 mutations expressed this receptor more strongly than normal urothelium or non-mutated tumours. NIH-3T3 cells transfected with a mutated form of FGFR3b--FGFR3b-S249C, the most common mutation in bladder tumours--presented a spindle-cell morphology, grew in soft agar and gave rise to tumours when xenografted into nude mice. We identified one line of 17 bladder cell lines tested (MGH-U3) that expressed a mutated form of FGFR3b, FGFR3b-Y375C. We showed using siRNA and SU5402, an FGFR inhibitor, that the tumour properties of MGH-U3 depended on mutated receptor activity. Thus, in two different models, mutated FGFR3b presents oncogenic properties.

Introduction : Les avantages de la voie laparoscopique dans le prelevement renal chez les donneurs vivants sont bien documentes. Cette nouvelle methode est d'importance primordiale particulierement dans les pays qui ont essentiellement recours au donneur vivant pour la transplantation renale. Nous presentons les resultats de nos premiers cas. Materiel et methode: Depuis 2002 nous avons utilise le prelevement laparoscopique pour l'obtention de reins de donneurs vivants par la voie retroperitoneale (2 cas) et trans-peritoneale (2 cas). Dans tous les cas le rein gauche a ete preleve. L' âge moyen des donneurs etait de 54 ans (extremes:38 - 62) et des receveurs de 25.4 ans (18-40). Le temps moyen d'ischemie chaude etait de 7±2 min. Les reins etaient preserves par la solution standardisee de type Eurocollins. Le temps d'ischemie froide etait en moyenne de 2.8 heures. Resultats: La duree de chaque intervention etait inferieure a 250 minutes (moyenne : 220 ± 29).Les pertes sanguines etaient inferieures a 300 ml. Aucune complication majeure a ete observe pendant l'intervention. La fonction retardee du greffon etait evidente dans les deux cas necessitant une ou deux seances d'hemodialyse. Les donneurs ont quitte l'hopital au 4-eme ou 5-eme jour. La creatininemie actuelle moyenne chez les receveurs est de 1.4 ± 4 mg, 12 -24 mois apres la transplantation renale. Aucun episode de rejet a ete note. Tous les receveurs ont ete traites en induction avec daclizumab suivant par la CsA, MMF et steroides. Conclusions: les auteurs recommandent la nephrectomie coelioscopique comme une methode valide qui pourrait encourager le don d'organes chez les donneurs potentiels vivants apparentes et non-apparentes.

Objectives: This survey-based study examines what information urologists are extracting from prostate needle biopsy reports, and what they need for clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) patients.Methods: A questionnaire was used to investigate several topics related to PC biopsy reporting. Two different clinical situations were separately explored, depending on whether the urologist intended a curative or a palliative therapy.Results: 110 of the 300 (37%) urologists responded to the questionnaire and returned anonymous responses. The mean age of respondents was 47.5 years old (range 27-66). On average, they performed 31 (range 0-182) radical prostatectomies per year. Before proposing a curative therapy, several biopsy parameters were requested by the majority of respondents, including number of positive biopsies (104/110 or 95%), Gleason score (103/110 or 94%), highest Gleason grade (94/110 or 85%), localization of positive biopsies (80/110 or 73%), length of tumor on biopsy (58/110 or 53%), presence of extraprostatic extension (66/110 or 60%). In a palliative situation, only three parameters were requested by the majority of respondents: Gleason score (101/110 or 92%), highest Gleason grade (67/110 or 61%) and number of positive biopsies (59/110 or 54%). In prostate needle biopsies harboring cancer on multiple cores from separately designated locations, 77% (68/88) of respondents used the highest Gleason score, regardless of the overall percentage involvement, to determine their treatment plan. PIN (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia) on biopsy without PC was considered sufficient to re-biopsy by 77% (85/110) of respondents. Thirty six percent (40/110) of the respondents considered ASAP (Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation) to be equivalent to PIN. There was no significant association between the demographic data and the type of information requested on the biopsy report.Conclusions: In this sample of 110 French and Belgian urologists there was high variability in the way clinicians use prostate needle biopsy pathology report. Results of this survey should improve communication between urologists and pathologists and should help evaluate what data should be included in routine pathology reports. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Purpose To analyze to what extent histologic subtype is of prognostic importance in renal cell carcinoma based on a large, international, multicenter experience. Patients and Methods Four thousand sixty-three patients from eight international centers were included in this retrospective study. Histologic subtype (1997 International Union Against Cancer [UICC] criteria of tumor response), age, sex, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, tumor size, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Goup performance status (ECOG PS), and overall survival were determined in all cases. The prognostic values of clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe histologic features were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model, respectively. Results Clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe carcinomas accounted for 3,564 (87.7%), 396 (9.7%) and 103 (2.5%) cases, respectively. In univariate analysis, a trend toward a better survival was observed when clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe histologies were considered prognostic categories (log-rank P = .0007). However, in multivariate analysis, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade and ECOG PS, but not histology, were retained as independent prognostic variables (P < .001). Conclusion The stratification in three main renal cell carcinoma histologic subtypes as defined by the 1997 UICC–American Joint Committee on Cancer consensus should not be considered a major prognostic variable comparable to TNM stage, Fuhrman grade and ECOG PS.

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session, Wednesday, May 12, 2004, 1:30 - 3:30 pm1 Apr 2004Vl972: Creation of the Working Space for Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Leticia Ruiz, András Hoznek, Laurent Salomon, Alexandre De La Taille, Dimitrios Vordos, Rene Yiou, Patrick Antiphon, Dominique Chopin, and Clement-Claude Abbou Leticia RuizLeticia Ruiz More articles by this author , András HoznekAndrás Hoznek More articles by this author , Laurent SalomonLaurent Salomon More articles by this author , Alexandre De La TailleAlexandre De La Taille More articles by this author , Dimitrios VordosDimitrios Vordos More articles by this author , Rene YiouRene Yiou More articles by this author , Patrick AntiphonPatrick Antiphon More articles by this author , Dominique ChopinDominique Chopin More articles by this author , and Clement-Claude AbbouClement-Claude Abbou More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)39213-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Vl972: Creation of the Working Space for Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 521 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 521 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Leticia Ruiz More articles by this author András Hoznek More articles by this author Laurent Salomon More articles by this author Alexandre De La Taille More articles by this author Dimitrios Vordos More articles by this author Rene Yiou More articles by this author Patrick Antiphon More articles by this author Dominique Chopin More articles by this author Clement-Claude Abbou More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Purpose: We compared cancer specific survival of patients undergoing partial and radical nephrectomies for T1N0M0 renal tumors according to tumor size in a large multicenter series.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,454 patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for T1N0M0 renal tumors from 7 international academic centers was performed. Data were obtained for each patient including TNM stage (determined according to the 2002 TNM criteria), tumor size, type of surgery (partial versus radical nephrectomy) and cancer specific survival. Recurrence events were recorded when available.Results: Partial and radical nephrectomies were performed in 379 (26.1%) and 1,075 (73.9%) cases, respectively. Mean followup +/- SD was 62.5 +/- 51.8 months. Recurrence data were available on 544 patients. There were no significant differences in local or distant recurrence rates between patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for either T1a (p = 0.6) or T1b tumors (p = 0.5). For patients with T1a tumors, there was no significant difference in the rate of cancer specific deaths between the partial (314) and radical (499) nephrectomy groups (2.2% versus 2.6%, respectively, p = 0.8). For patients with T1b tumors there was also no significant difference in the rate of cancer specific deaths between patients undergoing partial (65) and patients undergoing radical (576) nephrectomy (6.2% versus 9%, respectively, p = 0.6).Conclusions: Partial nephrectomy is becoming the gold standard for renal tumors less than 4 cm but this treatment is much more controversial for larger T1 tumors. This large multicenter study suggests that it is safe to expand the indications of partial nephrectomy to include patients with T1N0M0 tumors up to 7 cm. However, careful patient selection remains necessary.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the complication rate and clinical follow‐up of patients treated for T1 renal cancer by open or laparoscopic nephrectomy at the same institution, as this approach appears to be attractive for treating small renal cancers.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1995 and 2002, 39 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic and 26 transperitoneal open radical nephrectomy for T1 renal cancer (TNM 1997). Variables before during and after surgery, e.g. cancer recurrence, were compared between the groups.RESULTSThere were no differences between the laparoscopic and open groups in age, sex ratio, weight, height, fitness score, operative duration (134 vs 133 min), minor or major complications, tumour diameter, Fuhrman grade or length of follow‐up. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery had less blood loss (133 vs 357 mL, P < 0.001), less need for transfusion (none vs 150 mL, P = 0.04), a lower consumption of analgesia drugs, and shorter hospitalization (5.5 vs 8.8 days, P < 0.001). With a mean follow‐up of 20.4 months there was no recurrence or tumour progression.CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic radical nephrectomy for patients with T1 renal cancer is a safe, reliable procedure that decreases hospitalization time and bleeding, and ensures the same cancer control as open nephrectomy.

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Monday, May 10, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2004864: Does a 21 Prostate Needle Biopsies Protocol Improve the Prediction of PT3 Status, Positive Surgical Margins and Tumor Localization on Radical Prostatectomy Specimen? Aurelien Descazeaud, Laurent Salomon, Yves Allory, András Hoznek, Dimitrios Vordos, Rene Yiou, Dominique Chopin, Clément-Claude Abbou, and Alexandre De La Taille Aurelien DescazeaudAurelien Descazeaud More articles by this author , Laurent SalomonLaurent Salomon More articles by this author , Yves AlloryYves Allory More articles by this author , András HoznekAndrás Hoznek More articles by this author , Dimitrios VordosDimitrios Vordos More articles by this author , Rene YiouRene Yiou More articles by this author , Dominique ChopinDominique Chopin More articles by this author , Clément-Claude AbbouClément-Claude Abbou More articles by this author , and Alexandre De La TailleAlexandre De La Taille More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38113-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "864: Does a 21 Prostate Needle Biopsies Protocol Improve the Prediction of PT3 Status, Positive Surgical Margins and Tumor Localization on Radical Prostatectomy Specimen?." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 228–229 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 228-229 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Aurelien Descazeaud More articles by this author Laurent Salomon More articles by this author Yves Allory More articles by this author András Hoznek More articles by this author Dimitrios Vordos More articles by this author Rene Yiou More articles by this author Dominique Chopin More articles by this author Clément-Claude Abbou More articles by this author Alexandre De La Taille More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...