It is well known that the traditional Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are vulnerable to calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) attack. With the aim of improving the CMAS corrosion resistance of TBCs, a series of Gd-doping Sc2O3-Y2O3 co-stabilized ZrO2 (GdScYSZ) materials were tailored and prepared in this study. The results suggested that only when the doping amount of Gd3+ reached the threshold of apatite phase formation, the excellent CMAS corrosion resistance of TBCs can be achieved. Therefore, the 20GdScYSZ material had outstanding CMAS corrosion resistance, in which a dense interwoven protective layer that consisted of acicular apatite grains and c-ZrO2 grains was formed to resist the corrosion and prevent the penetration of CMAS. In addition, the wettability of the reaction interface was investigated by first-principles calculation. Our work provides a valuable approach for designing TBC materials with remarkable CMAS corrosion resistance.

As a promising material for the advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), scandium oxide (Sc2O3) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) co-stabilized zirconia (ScYSZ) has been given increasing attention during the past decade. In this study, three types of TBCs including YSZ, ScYSZ and ScYSZ-YSZ double ceramic layer (DCL) coatings were deposited by a wide-velocity range high-energy plasma spraying technology. The thermal physical property, phase stability and thermal cycling performance of TBCs were comparatively studied. The results suggested that the thermal conductivity from 200 degrees C to 1000 degrees C of ScYSZ coating was reduced by approximately 30 % compared to the YSZ coating. After exposure at 1400 degrees C for 1000 h, the ScYSZ coating still kept the initial tetragonal phase structure, while the tetragonal phase was completely disappeared in the YSZ coating after 300 h at 1400 degrees C. Notably, the ScYSZ-YSZ DCL coating demonstrated the highest thermal cycling life within the temperature range of 1320-1370 degrees C, exhibiting a remarkable 43 % increase over the single ScYSZ coating and doubling that of the single YSZ coating. The outcomes of this study hold significant promise for practical applications in the realm of high-performance TBCs.

The performance of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is strongly dependent on the quality of the feedstock powders, which usually are fabricated by conventional spray drying and multi-step sintering methods. In this work, a novel supersonic plasma spheroidization technology was employed to fabricate the spherical nanocrystalline Sc2O3-Y2O3 co-stabilized ZrO2 (ScYSZ) powder. The deformation process from the irregular powder to the spherical one was stimulated by the COMSOL phase field simulation. The results suggested that the original irregular pyrolysis products of ScYSZ precursors were aggregated into spherical powders by plasma spheroidization technology. The COMSOL simulations verified that the powder changed from irregular particles to spherical ones. The spheroidized ScYSZ particles exclusively consisted of non-transformed t’-ZrO2 phase and showed good fluidity, smooth surface and high apparent density, which were expected to have a broader application prospect in the field of TBCs and other ceramic coatings.

The preparation and realization of highly reliable thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on the internal surface of complex cavities is a bottleneck problem. Traditional coating methods are difficult to deposit and fulfil service requirements. In this study, a novel structure of YSZ and Ce-doped YSZ (CeYSZ) TBCs was prepared by a newly cathode plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED) technology. The results suggested that both the CPED-YSZ and CPED-CeYSZ coatings exhibited porous cross-linked dendritic structures. Because Ce doping significantly improved the phase stability of tetragonal structure and enhanced thermal insulation temperature during a burner-rig test at 1300 degrees C, resulting in a threefold increase in the thermal cycling life of the CPED-CeYSZ coating compared to the CPED-YSZ coating. This work provided a new strategy for tailoring multiple rare-earth principal components of high-performance TBCs and depositing them on the inner surface of complex cavities with high aspect ratios.

Power parameters are of importance to determine the microstructure and property of coatings deposited by cathode plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED). In the present study, the effect of power parameters including voltage and duty cycle on the microstructure and anti-corrosion property of zirconia (ZrO2) CPED-coatings was investigated. The results suggested that the as-deposited coatings consisted of t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2, while the content of t-ZrO2 exceeded 50 %. The content of t-ZrO2 increased with the increase of voltage and decreased with the increase of duty cycle, reaching a maximum of 89.9 %. In addition, as the voltage and duty cycle increased, the porosity of the coating increased from 3.7 % to 15.5 %. Due to the high t-ZrO2 content, high thickness and relatively dense structure, the coatings deposited at 250 V had a superior corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This work will provide a guideline for tailoring high performance ZrO2 CPED-coatings.

The Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF) is a high-luminosity electron-positron collider proposed to study the tau and charm physics, precisely test Standard Model (SM) and hunt for new physics beyond SM. The Offline Software of Super Tau ChARm Facility (OSCAR) is designed and developed based on SNiPER for the whole offline data processing, including detector simulation, calibration, reconstruction as well as physics analysis. Several state-of-art software and tools in the HEP community are adopted, such as the Detector Description Toolkit for High Energy Physics (DD4hep) for the consistent detector description, the plain-old-data I/O (podio) for the efficient implementation of event data model (EDM), etc. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of OSCAR, particularly the way to integrate Geant4, DD4hep and podio into SNiPER to provide the unified computing environment and platform for detector simulation, reconstruction and visualization. Now OSCAR is used to facilitate the design of STCF detectors, conduct detector performance study as well as physics potential study. OSCAR also provides a potential solution for other light-weighted HEP experiments.

Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) are used in the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to identify kaons. SoLID requires 20 ps for the total time resolution. In this paper, a sealed MRPC (sMRPC) prototype with 4 stacks and 7 uniform gas gaps is designed to reach a good time resolution. At the same time, sMRPC can lower the airflow through the chamber to reduce the greenhouse pollution. Both analog signal discrimination & TDC electronic system and waveform sampling electronic system are used for the readout of the signal. In cosmic tests, we compared the time resolution of these electronic readout methods and measured the efficiency of the sealed MRPC. The preliminary result shows that the MRPC prototype has an efficiency higher than 95%. The sealed MRPC prototype using waveform sampling system, has a time resolution of 40 ps, while a 54 ps time resolution is obtained using analog signal discrimination & TDC electronic system.

A bstract Extensions of the Standard Model are often highly constrained by cosmology. New states in the theory can dramatically alter observed properties of the universe by the presence of additional matter or entropy. In particular, attempts to solve the hierarchy problem through naturalness invariably predict new particles near the weak scale which come into thermal equilibrium. Without a means to deposit this energy into the SM, these models are often excluded. Scenarios of “neutral naturalness” in particular, such as the Twin Higgs, frequently suffer from this. However, the Portalino, a singlet fermion that marries gauge neutral fermion operators, can naturally help provide a portal for entropy to return to the SM and to lift fermionic degrees of freedom in the Twin Sector. Together with spontaneous breaking of the Z 2 SM ↔ Twin symmetry, there are new opportunities to confront the cosmological challenges of these models. Here, we attempt to develop such ideas. We shall show how one can lift many of the light fields by breaking Z 2 with a U(1) Y scalar and its Twin partner. The introduction of Portalinos can lift the remaining degrees of freedom. We shall find that such models are highly constrained by precision SM measurements, motivating moderate extensions beyond this. We will discuss two, both of which include Z 2 breaking, one with additional electroweak matter and another with additional colored matter. The electroweak model will involve simple dim-6 operators, which are easily UV completed. The strong model will involve the presence of new leptoquarks and diquarks. We will discuss the implications for the observed value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, contributions to μ → eγ decay and possible colored signals even within these models of neutral naturalness, some of which might appear at the LHC or future colliders.

We demonstrate a record of real-time 80-λ×400-Gb/s DP-QPSK field transmission over 2502-km terrestrial G.652.D fibre based on 6-THz C-band and 6-THz L-band EDFAs jointly with backward distributed Raman pumping in partial large-loss spans.

Hadron calorimeter (HCAL) is an essential sub-detector of the baseline detector system for Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). We plan to build an Analog Hadron CALorimeter (AHCAL) prototype based on the Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA). The AHCAL of CEPC uses steel as the absorber and scintillator tiles read out by Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) as the sensitive medium. The energy linearity and resolution of the calorimeter depend on the light yield uniformity of the sensitive medium. It is essential to qualify the entire detector production in order to select scintillator tiles with the uniformity of light yield within 10%. An automated batch test platform has been designed with 144 channels and an automated 3D servo motor. The paper summarizes the tests performed on more than 15000 scintillator tiles, and the SiPMs work at 59 V (overvoltage: 5 V). The measured light yield, corrected for the set-up response non-uniformity, is around 12.9 p.e. About 91.6% of scintillators (14219 pieces) are qualified within 10% of the light yield window.

The Leighton Chajnantor Telescope (LCT) project, sponsored by Shanghai Normal University in collaboration with Caltech and the University of Concepción, is seeking to relocate the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)[1] from Mauna Kea, Hawaii to Llano de Chajnantor Observatory on the Chajnantor Plateau in Chile. The LCT will be equipped with a new 345-GHz band heterodyne array receiver of 3×3 beams and quantum-limited sensitivity. Based on superconducting Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb tunnel junction (SIS) mixers, we have developed a compact 1×3 array as one unit of the new heterodyne array receiver. Detailed design and measurement results will be presented.

The objective of this study is to investigate the temperature and residual stress distributions of stiffened aluminum plates made of AA 5083 during metal inert gas (MIG) welding. The sequential coupling method is employed to perform the thermal-mechanical coupling responses in process of MIG welding, and the temperature-varying thermodynamic properties of AA 5083 are adopted in numerical simulation. The birth-death element strategy and the double ellipsoid heat source model are employed to simulate filled filler and the heat input of MIG welding respectively. The employed finite model is verified against experimental results of thermal histories and then is used for analyzing the effects of constraint condition on residual stress. The numerical results show that the constraint conditions employed in this study have little effect on the peak value and overall distribution of residual stress, despite the significantly difference of distribution of residual stress has been observed near the constraint point.

Abstract This study presents a new spherical harmonic (SH) model of the crustal magnetic field of Mars, based on the magnetic field data set measured by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. To minimize the influence of external fields due to solar wind interaction with Mars, we rejected data that were observed dayside and above an altitude of 500 km. The data points of MAVEN were reduced by using a proxy of solar wind activity that identified and rejected any data measured during magnetically disturbed intervals. We used a conventional least squares technique to estimate the Gauss coefficients fitted to the reduced data set and made a compromise between model misfit and model roughness by truncating the SH model at degree 110. This model is capable of representing crustal fields with a spatial resolution approaching ∼200 km at 120 km altitude and ∼260 km at the Martian surface. Since our model fits MAVEN's observational data better than previous models, especially the data obtained during MAVEN's low altitude periapsis passes, we conclude that it may more accurately approximate the low‐altitude crustal field. We calculate the crustal field power spectrum of various models and find that small‐scale fields at low altitudes were underestimated by most previous models. This new model could benefit future studies associated with the Martian crustal field and its interaction with the solar wind.

Millimeter-Wave (MMW) imaging technology has been used to detect concealed weapons and contraband carried by personnel in airports and other security locations. In this paper, the MMW near-field holographic imaging based on the vector network analyzer (VNA) is researched. A VNA test system with the MMW horn antennas is established to verify the feasibility of near-field holographic imaging. The MMW image is reconstructed using the wavenumber-domain (ω-k) algorithm. Experimental results confirm that the effectiveness of the VNA test system in near-field holographic imaging.

Chemical short-range order (CSRO) is generally possible in concentrated solid solutions and currently of considerable interest for multi-principal element alloys. However, a convincing demonstration of CSRO has been challenging and achieved thus far only for ternary medium-entropy alloys such as VCoNi. Here, we report definitive proof of CSRO in a quaternary face-centered-cubic Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 high-entropy alloy, acquired from systematic electron microscopy experiments. The evidence includes extra diffuse disks in nano-beam electron diffraction patterns, images in state-of-the-art aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, as well as compositional profiles across neighboring atomic planes/columns in atomic-resolution chemical maps. The CSRO regions are found to occupy an areal fraction of 20% and have dimensions on a sub-nanometer scale. This length scale, as well as the diffraction features of the CSRO, are different from those of intermetallic compound precipitates; as such, the CSRO is not a growing stage of a nucleated second phase, the precipitation of which has been dealt with previously in classical alloys. We further conducted a spatial correlation analysis of the concentrations in atomic columns in the chemical map, enabling us to uncover a general tendency toward nearest-neighbor chemical ordering, specifically, preference for unlike species (such as Fe–Mn) and avoidance for like-species (such as Fe–Fe). The persistence of this trend, the same as that found in VCoNi MEA, recently, is somewhat intriguing for a high-entropy alloy in which all the constituent elements are similar in atomic size and have rather a small enthalpy of mixing.

The abscopal effect is defined as tumor regression seen at sites distant from the irradiated tissue. We aimed to observe the abscopal effects in patients diagnosed with recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumors by treating with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and radiotherapy. In this retrospective serial, thymic epithelial tumor patients with at least three distinct measurable sites of disease, treated with concurrent radiotherapy (35 Gy in ten fractions or 30 Gy in ten fractions, over 2 weeks) to one metastatic site and GM-CSF (125 μg/m2 subcutaneously injected daily for 2 weeks, starting during the second week of radiotherapy), were recruited. The course was repeated, targeting a second metastatic site. No systemic treatment was applied. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with an abscopal response (estimated using investigator-assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1) and the secondary endpoint was toxicity and progression free survival (PFS). From April 12, 2016, to Sep 9, 2019, 12 patients were enrolled. One patient was excluded because of histologically confirmed with small cell malignant tumor. Another thymic carcinoma patient who developed heart injury during treatment and did not complete scheduled therapy was then only evaluable for toxicity. Among ten patients who were eligible for efficacy evaluation, there were three with thymic squamous cell carcinoma, one with type B1, three with type B2 and three with type B3 thymoma, respectively. Four patients had Masaoka-Koga stage IVa diseases and six had stage IVb diseases. The median follow-up time was 17 months (Interquartile Range = 10, 23). The abscopal response was observed in 3 out of 10 patients (30%) with 2 partial responses (one thymic carcinoma and one type B1 thymoma) and 1 complete response (type B3 thymoma). Five patients with malignant thymoma were assessed as stable disease as their best response. Two patients with thymic carcinoma suffered from disease progression. The median PFS was 25 months for abscopal responders. 1-year PFS rate was 100% for abscopal responders while the value was 55.6% for non-responders (p = 0.21). Four patients had grade 3 adverse events (heart injury, anemia, leucopenia and neutropenia). The most common grade 2 adverse events were leucopenia (three patients). Myasthenia gravis (grade 2) was observed in one patient. The combination GM-CSF and local radiotherapy alone generated clear abscopal effects in patients with recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumors.

A wide-field surveillance system with a long exposure time has a stronger capability of space target detection. However, it also produces some complicated situations that make it difficult to detect space targets; some stars appear as streak-like sources, countless object points, and possible discontinuous or nonlinear target trajectories. We present a space target detection method with high detection probability and low computational cost to overcome these obstacles. Firstly, the improved adaptive threshold method and the omnidirectional morphological filtering method are implemented to remove stars and noise. Secondly, the relative inter frame motion distance can be used as the basis for predicting the valid state transition region in each image. Finally, a state transition multistage hypothesis testing method is proposed to detect targets with linear, nonlinear, continuous or discontinuous trajectories. As demonstrated by the experimental results in simulated image sequences and real image sequences, the proposed algorithm can effectively detect space targets in wide-field surveillance with long exposure time, and has a high detection probability and low computational cost.

Summary Fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir has strong anisotropy and complex fracture-vuggy distribution. The quantitative description of dissolved pore and fracture is the key to reservoir prediction. The elastic parameter pairs of P-wave impedance and the P-S wave velocity ratio can be utilized to better remove the siliceous layers with the low P-wave impedance and low P-S wave velocity ratio, to identify the low P-wave impedance and the comparatively lower P-S wave velocity ratio, in order to reduce the ambiguities of the reservoir prediction. The curvature and texture attribute profiles have significant differences in response to different reservoir types, and their characteristics are mainly manifested as the texture attributes with a good connectivity and a large scale dissolution hole response and as the volume curvature attributes with the responses to faults and micro-cracks. Threshold fusion method is used to realize the attribute fusion, which can realize the spatial distribution of fracture and cave carving.