The biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles through essential oil-mediated methods represents an innovative approach at the intersection of nanotechnology and natural products. The primary focus of this study was on the synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by utilising the essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus tereticornis species (Euc EO), as well as the investigation of the prospective biological applications of these nanoparticles. The synthesised Eucalyptus tereticornis EO mediated ZnO NPs (Euc ZnO NPs) were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (average size between 30 and 120 nm). The agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of an oil and biosynthesised nanoparticles, followed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) determinations. In comparison to pure Euc EO (100%), ZnO NPs showed efficient antibacterial activities against all tested microorganisms, with a maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus cereus (24 mm) and high antifungal activities against Aspergillus fumigatus (23 mm) at 100 mg/mL. At 1000 mu g/mL concentration, Euc ZnO NPs showed significant antioxidant activity, inhibiting 80.2% of free radicals compared to 76.43% for pure EO (100%). The membrane stabilising effect of Euc ZnO NPs was demonstrated with the high outcome at 3000 mu g/mL, outperforming Acetylsalicylic acid. This study presents a method for synthesising efficient and rapid ZnO NPs using Eucalyptus tereticornis EOs, which utilise less toxic chemicals that have the potential to be used as an effective alternative to combat antibiotic resistance.

Robotic manipulators are extremely nonlinear complex and, uncertain systems. They have multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamics, which makes controlling manipulators difficult. Robotic manipulators have wide applications in many industries like processes, medicine, and space. Effective control of these manipulators is extremely important to perform these industrial tasks. Researchers are working on the control of robotic manipulators using conventional and intelligent control methods. Conventional control methods are proportional integral and derivative (PID), Fractional order proportional integral and derivative (FOPID), sliding mode control (SMC), and optimal & robust control while intelligent control method includes Artificial Neural network (ANN), Fuzzy logic control (FLC) and metaheuristic optimization algorithms based control schemes. This paper presents the trajectory control of a robotic manipulator using a PID controller. Four different meta-heuristic algorithms namely Sooty tern optimization (STO), Spotted Hyena optimizer (SHO), Atom Search optimization (ASO), and Arithmetic Optimization algorithm (AOA) are used to optimize the gains of PID controller for trajectory control of a two-link robotic manipulator and a novel hybrid sooty tern and particle swarm optimization (STOPSO) has been designed. These optimization techniques are nature-inspired algorithms that give the optimal gain values while minimizing the performance indices. A performance index comprising Integral time absolute error (ITAE) having weights for both links has been considered to achieve the desired trajectory. These optimization techniques are stochastic in nature so statistical analysis and Freidman’s ranking test has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms. The proposed hybrid STOPSO provided a fitness value of 0.04541 and showed a standard deviation of 0.0002. A comparative study of these optimization techniques is presented and as a result, hybrid STOPSO provides the best results with minimum fitness value followed by STO, AOA, ASO, and SHO algorithms.

Plants are considered excellent resources for the generation of greener biomaterials.Plant extract are renewable in nature.Various metabolites present in plant extract are normally used in redox reaction for the formation of eco-friendly nano-particles.It is also considered as the main factory for the green synthesis of metal nano-particles.The plant-based nano-particles is very necessary for absolute harmony connection between plant science and nanotechnology.Ashwagandha is the non-toxic herb which used to treat a range of conditions and its life changing benefits runs over a long time.Its numerous medicinal values make this plant so popular.It is a stress buster which works for all "SUPERHERB".This super herb rejuvenates our body and brain from the inside out.Present review depicts the variety of assistance of Ashwagandha plant with or without nanoparticles, from the past to the present time of corona.

Technological advancements in robotics significantly impact the design of robotic manipulators and their control. Manipulators find applications in electrical, mechanical, and process industries to reduce labor and improve accuracy. Controlling manipulators is challenging because of their complex dynamics and nonlinear properties. Researchers are exploring many ways to implement the effective control method, including classical and modern techniques. In all the applications, robotic manipulators interact with the real world. Therefore, they require an understanding of input–output relations, which raises the need for intelligent control methods. The revolutionized growth in artificial intelligence has significantly influenced robotic manipulators' control. This paper presents a detailed review of intelligent control techniques implemented on robotic manipulator systems. These intelligent control methods include artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic control, expert systems, metaheuristic algorithm, machine learning control, etc. These intelligent methods for robotic manipulators have gained more attention because they emulate human intelligence, which finds application in diverse fields of science and engineering. In this paper, authors have investigated and compared metaheuristic algorithm and their application in robotic manipulators.

Abstract : Peer observation in teaching-learning significantly impacts students' learning and understanding experience. It improves the quality of the content delivery by the instructor and provides the learning opportunity to observer also. It is threefold learning from all perspectives. Thus, it is a collaborative idea sharing and achieving excellence by incorporating the best of others. Authors have experimented with the peer observation and feedback strategy to improve students' academic performance and overall teaching cum teaching experience. One semester activity has been conducted to conclude the significance of the study with the help of z and t statistics parameters with alpha value 0.05. Different peer observations are taken into consideration and incorporated to improvise the teaching-learning experience of facilitator and student. As a result, it has been found very helpful and impactful on the students' performance and the development of an instructor's teaching style. Peer observation helps explore thedifferent approaches that help adapt to future challenges in anagogical instructional approaches. Keywords : peer observation, self-reflection, higher education, academic practices, teaching-learning process.

Recent years have witnessed large population growth in developing countries like India which is associated with increasing demand for the consumption of energy. Patterns of consumption show that lighting makes up 20–30% of the total electricity demand. Studies point to the fact that the next one-and-a-half decade will see a phenomenal escalation of lighting consumption to 120,000 GWh per year from current levels of 55,000 GWh per year. Every academic campus or industrial campus has a large number of street lights poles provided for lighting. And most of these campuses have installed inefficient and non-eco-friendly CFL or incandescent lamps for lighting purposes. This study compares the power consumed by CFL and LED lamps throughout their life span and the advantages of LED lamps over CFL. Also, the environmental concerns generated by CFL during its life cycle are also discussed. The methodology is based on the readings taken across the road between poles installed in the academic campus of ISM, India, and its illuminance analysis. The proposed system uses Lithonia visual software to justify the standard illuminance level if CFL is replaced by LED lamps.

This paper presents a method that aims to eliminate dominant current harmonics from both harmonically balanced and unbalanced utility conditions. This paper presents a method to introduce in series with passive filter, a positive inductance and analyzes various results for mistuned values of passive filter. A "Phase Locked Loop (PLL) free" technique has been proposed for harmonic detection in harmonically balanced conditions whereas, for unbalanced conditions "Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)" technique has been presented. Gate pulses for the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) have been generated using two different techniques-Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) for balanced conditions and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) for unbalanced conditions. The simulated results for both the cases have been presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool.

In this paper, we derive the solution of generalized fractional kinetic equations involving generalized k-Bessel function [4] by using Sumudu transform [9]. Here, the results obtained in terms of generalized Mittag-Leffler function of two parameters [10] are rather general in nature and can easily construct various known and (presumably) new results.

The object of this paper is to establish four theorems for the generalized fractional integration and differentiation of the generalized k-Bessel function. It has been shown that the generalized fractional integrals and derivatives of the generalized k-Bessel function are established in terms of generalized Wright hypergeometric function. Some elegant results obtained by Purohit et al.[8] and Agarwal et al.[1] are the special cases of the main results are also pointed out.

This paper presents a Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller design for Temperature Control of an Electric Furnace System using MATLAB. Also, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller is designed for control of an Electric Furnace. The three PID parameters K p, K i, and K d are obtained using two tuning methods, Ziegler Nicholas and Tyreus Luyben. Performance of the system using LQR and PID (using Ziegler Nicholas and Tyreus Luyben) control techniques for an Electric Furnace Temperature System is compared by analyzing the Time Response of the system. The result of simulation shows that LQR technique gives better performance for the given system.