Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors was an extremely sensitive optical technique to detect the changes in refractive index occurring at the sensor interface. SPR biosensors and fluorescence analysis were two kinds effective methods for real-time detection. The combination of these technology would improve the detection sensitivity of fluorescence quantitative and the specificity of SPR detection. We designed and developed a SPR and fluorescence synchronous detection system. SPR module was based on two kinds of modulation methods and fluorescence module could switch among 4 kinds of wavelength. SPR peak curves of fluorescent microspheres was collected by SPR angular scanning method.

DsbC, a periplasmic disulfide isomerase of Gram-negative bacteria, displays about 30% of the activities of eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) as isomerase and as thiol-protein oxidoreductase. However, DsbC shows more pronounced chaperone activity than does PDI in promoting the in vitroreactivation and suppressing aggregation of denaturedd-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) during refolding. Carboxymethylation of DsbC at Cys98 decreases its intrinsic fluorescence, deprives of its enzyme activities, but lowers only partly its chaperone activity in assisting GAPDH reactivation. Simultaneous presence of DsbC and PDI in the refolding buffer shows an additive effect on the reactivation of GAPDH. The assisted reactivation of GAPDH and the protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity of DsbC can both be inhibited by scrambled andS-carboxymethylated RNases, but not by shorter peptides, including synthetic 10- and 14-mer peptides andS-carboxymethylated insulin A chain. In contrast, all the three peptides and the two nonnative RNases inhibit PDI-assisted GAPDH reactivation and the reductase activity of PDI. DsbC assists refolding of denatured and reduced lysozyme to a higher level than does PDI in phosphate buffer and does not show anti-chaperone activity in HEPES buffer. Like PDI, DsbC is also a disulfide isomerase with chaperone activity but may recognize different folding intermediates as does PDI.

The structures of BaTiO3thin films and BaTiO3/ YBa2Cu3O7-δbilayer films grown on SrTiO3and LaAlO3substrates, respectively by pulsed laser deposition, have been investigated by X-ray triple-axis diffraction. The orientation, the interface mismatch and strain status, and the in-plane and perpendicular lattice constants of the epilayers have been determined by reciprocal space map analysis. The results show that both the lattice constants and the structural imperfections of the BaTiO3layers are relevant to the oxygen partial pressure. The a⊥/a‖increases while the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curves decreases with the decrease in the partial oxygen pressure.

High quality BaTiO3 thin films have been epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a single crystal target. The BaTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bilayer structures have also been grown on LaAlO3(100) substrate by PLD for ferroelectric thin film devices. All the two kinds of thin films were analysed by x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Our investigation on the relation between oxygen content and the laser-induced voltages of the YBa2Cu3O7−δ films in normal-state shows that deoxygenation of the superconducting films reduces the laser-induced voltages greatly, even reverses the sign of the signals at large oxygen deficiency. The absolute value of the negative signal at large oxygen deficiency can be greater than that of the positive signal.

We have systematically investigated the effect of laser energy density (E) and target-substrate distance (D) on the quality of high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. It was shown that for the preparation of high-quality YBCO thin films there exists an optimal substrate-target distance for each laser energy density. By using a blast-shock wave model we obtained an E-D phase diagram (E-Eth)D-2=constant which gives an optimal choice between the substrate-target distance and laser energy density.

Despentapeptide (B26-30)-insulinamide (B25) prepared by a semisynthetic procedure was found to have about 65% of the hypoglycaemic activity of natural insulin. In contrast, the binding of the modified insulin analogue to insulin specific receptors was markedly increased. The discrepancy between the loss of biological potency and the apparent increase in binding affinity for membrane receptors reveals that not all of the biological activity of insulin is regulated by the receptor-binding system. The tetrapeptidamide of the B-chain of insulin (Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-NH2) was clearly shown to have both insulin-like and insulin-potentiating actions in vivo although it had no effect on insulin receptor function in vitro. Evidence suggests that the small peptide fragment of insulin may be internalized and acts at the post-binding site(s) of the glucose metabolic pathway in target tissues. The present data support the general concept that insulin may exert its complex molecular actions through internalized hormonal fragment as well as the transmembrane mediators generated from receptor binding.

Des-(B25-B30)-hexapeptide-insulin with B23-glycine replaced by D-alanine was prepared by a combination of enzymic and non-enzymic syntheses. The purified product was homogeneous in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and could be crystallized. The biological activity in vivo of crystalline [B23-D-Ala]des-(B25-B30)-hexapeptide-insulin was determined as 58% of that of standard pig insulin (27 i.u./mg).