A new method for the determination of metal elements in aerosol samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(ICP-MS) and Microwave Digestion is reported in this paper.By using well-tested method and appropriate sample preparetion procedures,metal elements in aerosol samples can be analyzed with good accuracy and precision.The recoveries these elements were 96.0%-108.3%,relative standard deviations were less than 5%.

To better stimulate the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles to sea surface,wave effects were introduced to the improved Williams' model with parameterization of GW03 sea surface roughness on wave development.In this study the aerosol particle dry deposition velocity and total suspended particles(TSP) dry deposition flux were calculated over the Taiwan Strait using a newly improved model with satellite data,reanalysis data and ship-base measurement data from 2006 to 2007.The results showed obvious spatio-temporal variation with aerosol particle dry deposition velocity ranging from 5.83 cm/s to 6.17 cm/s and mean value of 6.00 cm/s,showing a clear seasonal pattern with a winter maximum(about 6.08 cm/s) and summer minimum(about 5.85 cm/s).TSP dry deposition flux had similar seasonal variation,ranged from a maximum 7.31μg/(m2·s)in winter to a minimum 2.23μg/(m2·s)in summer.Spatially,there was an aerosol particle dry deposition high spot on the Fouzhou-Xinzhu sea area.TSP dry deposition flux had two high spots and one low spot,in the north of Taiwan Strait,Shantou-Xiamen sea area and north of South China Sea,respectively.

79 marine aerosol samples over the Taiwan Strait were collected using high volume aerosol sampler during 2006 and 2007.All the samples were analyzed for Cu,Pb,Cd,V,Zn,Fe,Al using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that the contents appeared to be characteristics of seasonal variation,as for most of metal elements,its contents were the highest in summer,and the lowest in winter.The contents varied with the features of meteorological element and so on.The sources of atmospheric trace metals were distinguished from enrichment factor,correlation analysis and factor analysis,it showed that Cu,Pb,Cd,V came mostly from anthropogenic sources,and Al,Fe,Zn mostly from crustal sources.The atmospheric input and river input of trace metals to Taiwan Strait were compared and analyzed.It showed that the atmospheric inputs of Cu and Zn were lower than the Jiulongjiang River and Minjiang River inputs,and the atmospheric inputs of Pb and Cd were higher than the river input.

Rain samples collected from the shore of Xiamen during the impact of typhoon Bilis were analyzed.The results showed that monthly mean deposition of major ions in rain could be classified into 4 groups.pH in typhoon rain was significantly higher than that in normal rain and pH in typhoon rain showed less acidity characteristics.Acid composition in air could have been cleaned out effectively by rain during typhoon Bilis.The rain reduced acid deposition into the shore of Xiamen and its adjacent sea area at the same time.N/P ratios of rain in spring and summer seasons and from typhoon Bilis were much larger than the Redfield ratio.DIN in surface water of western Taiwan Strait was significantly increased by wet deposition during typhoon Bilis,but PO43-in this area increased insignificantly.

1 引言 纯粹意义上的环境背景值是指在未受污染的自然状态下环境要素的正常含量,又称环境污染本底值.在全球海洋环境中,由于人类活动的影响,很难找到不受污染影响的海域,特别是毗邻陆地的沿岸和近海海域.在这些海域中,许多化学成分的实测含量往往是天然本底值与人为影响的叠加,显然在缺乏环境背景值资料的情况下是难以正确评价海区的污染状况的.因此,确定环境背景值是海洋环境保护的基础研究工作之一.它可为海洋环境监测评价、环境管理和资源开发利用提供科学依据,对于环境质量变化及其预测研究也具有重要意义.

通过对南黄海中部E2站位沉积柱样部分微量元素的特征研究,讨论了近200a来与南黄海中部沉积物相关的主要环境气候演变.铅和金、铂族元素显示人类现代工农业活动对环境的影响在南黄海中部沉积物有明显记录;过渡金属元素和不活泼元素的记录显示小冰期(泛指1550～1850年)的结束,气温的升高对南黄海中部沉积区的氧化-还原条件和黄河流域的风化程度产生了影响;黄河的改道对南黄海中部沉积物陆源碎屑的输入产生影响.

The contents of elements in aerosols sampled during the First Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-1) show great differences from one element to another. Na, K, Ca, Mg, A1, F, and C1 are the major components in the aerosols, whose contents are larger than 30 ng/m3. The chemical elements whose contents vary between 0.1–30 ng/m3 are Br, Sr, Cr, Ni, and Zn. The chemical elements whose contents are close to or slightly higher than 0.1 ng/m3 are Rb, Ba, Zr, Th, and Pb. The contents of As, Sb, W, Mo, Au, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Sc, Co, Hf, Ta, and Cd are less than 0.1 ng/m3. The mass concentration data for the same element, as observed during CHINARE-1, are almost accordant, but much lower than what is observed in the China’s seas or the coasts of China. The enrichment factor and electron microscopic analyses and lead isotope tracing were used to distinguish their sources. Four groups of sources can be classified as follows: anthropogenic: As, Sb, W, F, Mo, Au, Cu, Pb, Cd, V; crustal: La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Fe, Sc, Cr, Co, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ta, Cs, Mn, Th, U; oceanic: Na, K, Ca, and Mg; and mixing; Rb, Sr, Ca, and Mg.

磷(P)是海洋生物生长和繁殖必需的元素，长期以来，氮被认为是绝大多数海区浮游植物生长的限制因子 [1]，然而最近有关资料指出，在较长的地质时间尺度上（>1 000 a），对全球海洋生物生产力起控制作用的可能是磷而不是氮 [2]。

By theoretical calculating and experimental data testing, it is discovered that 6/a(a is crystalline grain-size)can indicate the specific surface area of crystalline. Combining with the adsorption theory model, it is found that the effect of grain-size shows an essential distinction between reference elements Al, Li and heavy metals. The crystalline grain-size must be considered in marine authigenic mineral, and the crystalline grain-size can be replaced by grain-size in discussing the adsorption of terrigenous detritus to heavy metals. The change of heavy metal content with crystalline grain-size shows a double-curve relation, and the crystalline grain-size a3μm must be emphatically considered.

分别对超临界CO2流体萃取法和压榨法制取的核桃油的脂肪酸组分含量,以及碘价、皂化价、酸价、过氧化值等四个质量指标进行了研究.结果表明,核桃油中脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量超过了90%;提取方法对核桃油的脂肪组分含量影响不大.核桃油的碘价、皂化价、酸价、过氧化值四种指标均符合食用油脂标准,萃取油的碘价高于压榨油,而其它三个指标均低于压榨油,超临界CO2流体萃取油在贮藏过程中质量指标变化缓于压榨油,质量优于压榨油.

以新鲜的核桃仁为原料,研究了在超临界状态下物料的粉碎度、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间对核桃油萃取效果的影响.结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取核桃油的最佳工艺条件为粉碎度30目、萃取压强30 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间5 h,此条件下核桃油的萃取率可达93.98%.