In exposed common carotid arteries of 15 patients (36–74 years) undergoing neck surgery, the intra-arterial pressure (P) was recorded by means of a catheter-tip manometer and, at the same site, the external diameter (D) by means of a contactfree photoelectric device. On the average, the pulsatile diameter changes were 5.6% of the end-diastolic diameter at pulse pressures of about 50 mm Hg. Due to viscoelasticity, the P-D diagrams exhibited hysteresis loops. Using the criterion of loop elimination, an iterative procedure was applied which permitted, by the use of an appropriate computer program, the separation of the purely elastic and the purely viscous components of the P-D relationships. In all cases, the purely elastic P-D curves markedly deviated from linearity. The tangential elastic modulus (Et) and the pulse wave velocity (c) calculated from these curves were normalized by dividing these quantities by the respective end-diastolic values and plotted against the normalized external diameters. During each pulse cycle, Et increased, with increasing diameter, by a factor between 1.2 and 3.5, while c increased by a factor between 1.1 and 1.9 with reference to the respective end-diastolic values.

HomeCirculation ResearchVol. 44, No. 5An improved method for the determination of the pulse transmission characteristics of arteries in vivo. Free AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBAn improved method for the determination of the pulse transmission characteristics of arteries in vivo. R Busse, R D Bauer, A Schabert, Y Summa and E Wetterer R BusseR Busse , R D BauerR D Bauer , A SchabertA Schabert , Y SummaY Summa and E WettererE Wetterer Originally published1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.44.5.630Circulation Research. 1979;44:630–636 eLetters(0) eLetters should relate to an article recently published in the journal and are not a forum for providing unpublished data. Comments are reviewed for appropriate use of tone and language. Comments are not peer-reviewed. 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Abdessalem K, Sahtout W, Flaud P, Gazah H and Fakhfakh Z (2007) Numerical simulation of non-invasive determination of the propagation coefficient in arterial system using two measurements sites, The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, 10.1051/epjap:2007151, 40:2, (211-219), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2007. Bleasdale R, Parker K and Jones C (2003) Chasing the wave. Unfashionable but important new concepts in arterial wave travel, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00070.2003, 284:6, (H1879-H1885), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2003. Li J (2000) Arterial Pulse Transmission Characteristics The Arterial Circulation, 10.1007/978-1-59259-034-6_4, (69-128), . Kaandorp D, Kopinga K and Wijn P (1999) Separation of haemodynamic flow waves measured by MR into forward and backward propagating components, Physiological Measurement, 10.1088/0967-3334/20/2/308, 20:2, (187-199), Online publication date: 1-May-1999. 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Pythoud F, Stergiopulos N, Bertram C and Meister J (1996) Effects of friction and nonlinearities on the separation of arterial waves into their forward and backward components, Journal of Biomechanics, 10.1016/0021-9290(96)84537-4, 29:11, (1419-1423), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1996. Ursino M, Artioli E and Gallerani M (1994) An experimental comparison of different methods of measuring wave propagation in viscoelastic tubes, Journal of Biomechanics, 10.1016/0021-9290(94)90270-4, 27:7, (979-990), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1994. She J, Bertram C and Gow B (1993) Analysis of all possible combinations of four measurements determining true propagation in arteries, Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 10.1016/0141-5425(93)90074-9, 15:5, (379-386), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1993. 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The viscoelastic behaviour of arteries in vivo is analyzed by separate representation of the purely elastic and the purely viscous properties, using natural pressure and diameter pulses of various dog arteries recorded under steady-state conditions. The circumferential wall stress (σ) and the radius (r) of the mean wall layer are calculated as functions of time and the hysteresis of the σ-r diagram is represented. The stress is regarded as the sum of an elastic stress (σel) which is a function ofr, and a viscous stress (σvis) which is a function ofdr/dt. Thus σel=σ−σvis. Since the σel-r diagram must be free from hysteresis, the disappearance of the loop is the criterion that indicates that σel has been found.

Zur Klärung der Entstehung der charakteristischen Druck- und Strompulsformen in der A. carotis communis des Menschen wurden zunächst transkutane Druck- und Strompulsregistrierungen an gesunden Versuchspersonen durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchungen erfolgten in Körperruhe bei Atmung von Zimmerluft und während Atmung von Carbogen. Durch die Atmung dieses Gasgemisches wird eine Vasodilatation im Versorgungsgebiet der A. carotis interna ausgelöst, wodurch der periphere Widerstand und damit der periphere Reflexionsfaktor vermindert wird.

A photoelectric device is described which permits contact-free recording of the diameter of an in situ exposed artery. The light emitted by the filament of a bulb (6 W) is collimated by a projection lens (1∶2.8, 50 mm) and directed onto the surface of a silicone photocell (12.6×6.2 mm) covered by a neutral light filter. The voltage drop caused by the photocell current flowing through an adjustable load resistor represents the signal voltage which is fed into the input of an instrumentation amplifier. The artery under investigation is positioned above the photocell parallel to its short axis. The signal voltage decreases linearly with increasing area of the shadow cats by the artery on the photocell and thus the output voltage of the amplifier is linearly proportional to the diameter of the artery.

Die Registrierung der schnellen pulsatorischen Änderungen des Arteriendurchmessers ist wichtig für die arterielle Pulsdynamik, während die Erfassung der langsamen Durchmesseränderungen, die durch Schwankungen des mittleren Blutdrucks und des Kontraktionszustandes der glatten Gefäßmuskulatux hervorgerufen werden, für das Studium der Innervation der Blutgefäße und die Untersuchung lokaler pharmakologischer Wirkungen von Bedeutung ist. Schon seit langem wurden mechanische Verfahren zur Messung des lokalen Arteriendurchmessers angewandt. Neuere Methoden basieren meist auf der äußeren oder inneren Anlegung von mechanischen Fühlern, deren Auslenkung in ein elektrisches Signal umgewandelt wird (induktive Verfahren, Dehnungsmeßstreifen Ultraschall-Laufzeitverfahren, Umfangsmessung mit quecksilbergefüllten Gummischläuchen) [3, 4-, 5] . Alle Methoden, die sich der mechanischen Berührung bedienen, bringen eine Rückwirkung durch Massen-, Elastizitätsund/oder Reibungsbelastung der Arterienwand mit sich. Auch Verletzungen oder strukturelle Alterationen der Gefäßwand durch Annähen oder Ankleben von Meßfühlern kommen vor. Bisher gibt es nur sehr wenige berührungsfreie Verfahren. Eine Ultraschall-EchoMethode £1J ist transkutan auch am Menschen anwendbar, hat jedoch Resultate gezeitigt, die merklich von den zu erwartenden Werten abweichen. Berührungsfreie photoelektrische Meßverfahren, z.B. £2J , waren bisher nur in vitro anwendbar. Das von uns entwickelte berührungsfreie photoelektrische Verfahren dient der Anwendung an freigelegten Gefäßen in situ. BPY 48 Abb.1. Prinzip der photoelektrischen Registrierung des Arteriendurchmessers.