Avocado (Persea) is a fruit widely cultivated and consumed in Brazil, however there is still scarce information on the nutritional profile of varieties grown in Brazil. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the protein, total lipid, moisture and ash contents of five avocado varieties. The centesimal analysis was carried out on the varieties Breda, Fortuna, Geada, Margarida and Quintal. The data were statistically analyzed through the difference and comparisons between means. The results indicated that the protein content of the Margarida variety was higher than those found in the other avocados. As for lipids, the Geada avocado presented a lower amount compared to the other varieties. Moisture was observed in smaller quantities in the Fortuna avocado, followed by the Breda, Margarida, Quintal and Geada varieties. The ash values were lower in the Geada, Margarida and Quintal avocados and higher in the Breda variety. Finally, the data presented show the inexistence of a single pattern of centesimal composition of avocados, indicating the existence of relevant variations in the nutritional profile of the five varieties studied, expanding the possibilities of their food use

ABSTRACT Objective: This ecological study analyzes the temporal evolution of female homicide rates in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1980 to 2022, using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Methods: Possible change points in the trend of these rates were identified using the Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt Change, Seasonality, and Trend (BEAST) model. Results: A total of 29,234 female homicide cases were recorded during the period, including 3,914 among young women aged 15 to 19. The analysis detected two major change points in 1995 and 2004, dividing the time series into three segments: an increasing trend until 1994, a stable period from 1995 to 2003, and a decreasing trend from 2004 onward. Among young women, three change points were identified, with a significant and consistent decline in homicide rates from 2004 to 2022. Conclusion: The number of female homicides in São Paulo has declined significantly since 2004, particularly among young women aged 15–19. Although this is linked to policy changes, the decline is likely due to multiple factors. The study highlights the importance of ongoing gender-focused policies and robust analytical tools in guiding public safety efforts.

ObjectiveTo identify variables related to illicit drug use among graduate students.Participants5,217 master's and doctoral students completed an online survey in 2022.MethodLogistic regression identified sociodemographic and academic predictors.Results18.5% reported illicit drug use, mainly cannabinoids. Being aged 18-39, cisgender men, sexual and gender minorities, having no religion, having an income of up to 3 MW, no children, and living in Midwest, Southeast and South regions were associated with illicit drug use. Students in science and engineering fields, with scholarships, and who also work, were more likely to use illicit drugs.ConclusionResults indicate subgroups of graduate students more vulnerable to illicit drug use.

To investigate the association between biosociodemographic, anthropometric, and laboratory factors and the risk of chronic kidney disease among older adults living in Quilombola communities, as well as to evaluate the discriminatory performance of these indicators in predicting renal risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 120 Quilombola older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Fisher exact test, Student t test, Mann–Whitney test, linear regression analysis, and ROC curve analysis were used to assess the main outcomes (95

Background:Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a major cause of disability worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments offer limited benefits and carry potential risks, prompting interest in alternative approaches, including homeopathy. Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of a standardised homeopathic biotherapic (Lumbar Vertebra, LM2 potency) for CNSLBP. Methods:A randomised, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 120 participants diagnosed with CNSLBP. Participants received both the biotherapic and placebo in two treatment phases separated by a washout period. The primary outcome was pain intensity (numeric rating scale); secondary outcomes included functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index), adverse events and use of pain medications. Data were analysed using random effects generalised linear models. Results:Both the biotherapic and placebo interventions led to significant within-group reductions in pain and disability (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two interventions for either outcome (pain: p = 0.435; disability: p = 0.840). The magnitude of change in pain intensity did not reach the pre-defined minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and mean pain scores at the study endpoint remained above the inclusion threshold. Adverse events were mild and comparable across groups. Conclusion:No specific effect of the Lumbar Vertebra LM2 biotherapic was demonstrated. Improvements are likely due to non-specific effects such as the therapeutic environment, patient expectations and placebo response. Clinicians should consider the substantial role of non-specific responses in CNSLBP and avoid medications with unfavourable risk-benefit profiles.

Abstract Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue among young people. Objective: To investigate the sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge among undergraduate students at a large Brazilian public university. Methods: Cross-sectional study with stratified sampling. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and academic information and information on sexual behavior. Results: Among 491 students (mean age 22.2 years), 61.5% were women, 34.6% were self-identified as homosexual or bisexual, and 88.4% reported having had sexual experience. Male students reported a higher rate of any STI (10.1%) compared to female students (9.6%). While the students demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of HIV/AIDS, they expressed doubts about HIV testing. Friends, teachers, and internet searches were the primary sources of information about sexual matters. The students stated that the information they received about contraceptive methods, unplanned pregnancy, sexual orientation and sexuality, and prevention of sexual violence was insufficient. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for condom availability in the university environment, promotion of school-based sex education, and support for study groups and academic leagues on sexuality, STI prevention, and health promotion as part of educational activities. These measures could help to address the knowledge gaps identified and reduce sexual risk behaviors among young adults.

Strengthening healthcare systems requires evidence-based health education strategies that promote preventive behaviours and civic engagement. This study aimed to enhance healthcare awareness and reinforce university–school partnerships between Spain and Brazil through a collaborative project with the Blood Donors’ Brotherhood, focused on promoting voluntary blood donation as a public health priority. Implemented via the Research and Excellence High School's Program, the initiative utilised Service-Learning (SL) and Project-Based Learning (PBL) methodologies to create an impactful health educational intervention. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated through a quasi-experimental study involving 228 responses from individuals aged 17 to 51 years (M = 24.12, SD = 7.75). Participants were divided into experimental and control groups, including high school and university students in health and education programmes. The intervention was assessed pre- and post-implementation using a survey based on the Blood Donation Knowledge Questionnaire (BDKQ-Brazil), whose Spanish translation (BDKQ24-Spain) was validated through Factor Analysis. The two-factor BDKQ22-Spain model showed strong reliability (KR-20 = 0.85), supporting its suitability for measuring this construct. The study revealed that minors, future teachers, and therapists had less knowledge about blood donation compared to nursing students. However, post-intervention results showed significant knowledge improvements, reaching levels comparable to those of nursing students. This innovative project demonstrates that university–school partnerships strengthen health education outcomes related to blood donation and promote health promotion, contributing to sustainable healthcare systems, social responsibility, and the overall well-being of diverse student populations.

Objective: To describe the trend in the monthly number of reported feminicides and attempted feminicides in Brazil between 2015 and 2025. Methods: Trends and potential change points in these time series were identified using the Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt Change, Seasonality, and Trend (BEAST) model. Data were obtained from SINESP (the National Public Security Information System), based on police reports recorded by Brazilian Civil Police forces. Results: A total of 13,611 reported feminicides and 21,511 reported attempted feminicides were recorded during the study period. The BEAST model identified two distinct periods in the monthly feminicide time series, with a sharp increase from January 2015 to April 2020, followed by a slower rise. Four significant change points were identified in the attempted feminicide data series, which was characterized by alternating periods of growth and stability. Conclusion: An apparent stabilization of feminicide reports may reflect institutional limitations in reporting systems, rather than true reductions in violence. The change points in attempted feminicides series may correspond to key legal milestones, suggesting that recorded trends often reflect reporting capacity and legal changes rather than pure incidence rates. While public policies have improved case classification, they focus more on damage control than on transforming patriarchal structures, highlighting the need for new approaches and better institutional capacity to reduce victim invisibility.

Background/Objectives: Blood donation knowledge is increasingly recognised as a relevant construct in health education research due to its role in supporting voluntary donation and informing evidence-based strategies that promote preventive behaviours and civic engagement. This study aimed to develop and validate the Spanish version of the Blood Donation Knowledge Questionnaire (BDKQ22-Spain) through university-school partnerships. The BDKQ22-Spain consists of 22 multiple-choice items, each with a single correct answer, designed to assess knowledge about blood donation. Methods: Psychometric evaluation was conducted within a quasi-experimental study involving 228 responses from individuals aged 17 to 51 years (M = 24.12, SD = 7.75), comprising high school and university students enrolled in health and education programmes. Results: Factor analysis supported a two-factor structure for the BDKQ22-Spain, confirming its construct validity and reliability (KR-20 = 0.85) for measuring blood donation knowledge in Spanish. The results identified higher levels of knowledge among women, nursing students, and individuals with previous blood donation experience, while lower scores were observed among minors, future teachers, and therapy students. However, both minors and future teachers showed significant improvements following the intervention, reaching levels comparable to those of nursing students. These findings highlight specific knowledge gaps across sociodemographic and academic groups. Conclusions: The BDKQ22-Spain represents a valid and reliable tool for assessing blood donation knowledge, supporting its use in health and education settings to guide future research and targeted educational strategies.

RESUMO Objetivos: adaptar culturalmente o Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire para o Brasil. Métodos: estudo metodológico de aplicação clínica, envolvendo 126 profissionais de saúde, desenvolvido entre 2022 e 2023. O instrumento mensura a autoeficácia dos profissionais de saúde para a notificação de casos de abuso e negligência infantil. O processo de tradução para a língua portuguesa, falada e escrita no Brasil, e retrotradução seguiu padrões internacionais, e a validade de face foi implementada usando método internacional. Resultados: a versão brasileira está composta por duas dimensões e 35 itens, sendo bem avaliada pelos participantes, com a maioria o considerando bom ou muito bom (88,1%), com questões fáceis de entender (73,8%), sem qualquer dificuldade com as opções das respostas (74,6%) e muito importantes para a situação (85,7%). Conclusões: a versão traduzida preservou equivalência conceitual dos itens, apresentando validade de face, e pode ser considerada adaptada culturalmente para o contexto estudado.

OBJECTIVES:to culturally adapt the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Brazil. METHODS:a methodological study of clinical application, involving 126 healthcare professionals, developed between 2022 and 2023. The instrument measures healthcare professionals' self-efficacy in reporting cases of child abuse and neglect. The translation process into Brazilian Portuguese and back-translation followed international standards, and face validity was implemented using an international method. RESULTS:the Brazilian version is composed of two dimensions and 35 items, and was well assessed by participants, with the majority considering it good or very good (88.1%), with easy-to-understand questions (73.8%), without any difficulty with the answer options (74.6%) and very important for the situation (85.7%). CONCLUSIONS:the translated version preserved the conceptual equivalence of items, presenting face validity, and can be considered culturally adapted to the context studied.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados à prevalência do controle pressórico inadequado em hipertensos residentes em uma comunidade quilombola no Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal com a participação de residentes do Quilombo do Barro Preto (Jequié, Bahia) com idade de 35 a 79 anos. O controle da pressão arterial foi classificado como inadequado para pressão arterial sistólica ≥140 mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica ≥90 mmHg. A adesão medicamentosa foi avaliada pela Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Utilizando-se regressão log-binomial, foram estimadas razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas por sexo e por idade com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), para comparar diferenças entre as prevalências de controle pressórico inadequado entre grupos de interesse. Comparações entre médias basearam-se em testes t de Student e análise de variância. Resultados Entre os 300 participantes, 71,7% eram mulheres, 49,3% se autodeclararam pretos, 41,0% pardos e 39,7% tinham nível fundamental incompleto. A pressão arterial sistólica associou-se com a idade, com média maior entre pessoas com mais de 65 anos, já a média da pressão arterial diastólica foi maior entre pessoas com até 55 anos. A prevalência de controle da pressão inadequada foi de 66,3% (IC95% 60,7; 71,7), sendo maior em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 (RP 1,28; IC95% 1,09; 1,51) e baixa adesão a medicamentos (RP 1,27; IC95% 1,01; 1,59). Conclusões A população quilombola apresenta dificuldades no controle da hipertensão arterial, com alta prevalência de descontrole pressórico, especialmente entre pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 e baixa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso.

Abstract Objective To identify the factors associated with the prevalence of inadequate blood pressure control among hypertensive residents of a Quilombola community in Northeastern Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study with the participation of residents of Quilombo do Barro Preto (Jequié, Bahia) aged 35 to 79 years. Blood pressure control was classified as inadequate for systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Medication adherence was assessed according to the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Using log-binomial regression, prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for sex and age were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to compare differences between the prevalence of inadequate blood pressure control among interest groups. Comparisons between means were based on Student’s t-Tests and analysis of variance. Results Among the 300 participants, 71.7% were women, 49.3% self-identified as Black, 41.0% Brown, and 39.7% had incomplete elementary education. Systolic blood pressure was associated with age, with a higher average among people over 65 years of age, while the average diastolic blood pressure was higher among people up to 55 years of age. The prevalence of inadequate pressure control was 66.3% (95%CI 60.7; 71.7), being higher in people with type 2 diabetes (PR1.28; 95%CI 1.09; 1.51) and low adherence to medications (PR1.27; 95%CI 1.01; 1.59). Conclusions The Quilombola population presents difficulties in controlling hypertension, with a high prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure, especially among people with type 2 diabetes and low adherence to drug treatment.

Introduction: Biosafety recommendations for dentistry aim to protect patients and professionals from health risks. Studies have demonstrated a causal link between dental care and infection occurrence among patients and dental professionals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and compare frequencies of adequate sterilization monitoring in gravity autoclaves, through mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological controls, performed by professionals responsible for private dental services in Ribeir & atilde;o Preto- SP, as well as to identify the professional category responsible for carrying it out. Method: This descriptive population-based study was quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of dental surgeons linked to the services who applied for a license for initial operation and renewal in the second half of 2018. Data were collected between January and March 2019. A validated questionnaire was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ribeir & atilde;o Preto. Results: Among the 142 participants, 95.8% reported monitoring of the sterilization process. A total of 38.2% of the professionals who performed chemical and biological control were found to have periodically performed the chemical control at least once a day and the biological control weekly, 43.1% in the renewal category, and 10.0% in the initial request category. In the renewal category, 77.6% of dentists delegate responsibility to assistants and other professionals. This percentage is 40.0% for the initial request category. Conclusions: It is very worrying that six professionals did not perform any type of sterilization control. It is necessary to accelerate the revision of the regulations of the sterilization monitoring process and their standardization, and also invest in the educational process.

Background: Effective pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Use Disorder is needed. The Cocacrack-2 study showed that homeopathic fifty-millesimal potencies of Opium and Erythroxylum coca were more effective than a placebo in reducing cocaine/crack use. However, the study experienced high dropout rates, which are common in the study population but could introduce bias. Therefore, further research is needed, focusing on strategies to ensure trial patient retention. The Cocacrack-3 study protocol initially aimed to improve retention through home visits from Primary Care. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we revised the protocol to utilize specialized facilities with network support and telemedicine follow-up to enhance retention. Objectives: 1) Assess the effectiveness and safety of sequential administration of homeopathic potencies (LM2, LM4, LM6) of Opium and Erythroxylum coca in reducing cocaine use. 2) Evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine and support networks in enhancing treatment retention. Setting: Psychosocial Attention Centers for Alcohol and other Drugs (CAPS-AD) in Florianópolis, São José, and Palhoça, Brazil. Study center: Research Laboratory for the History of Nursing and Health Knowledge at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Methods: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial (six weeks per participant). Hypothesis: H0: No significant difference between homeopathic potencies and placebo. H1: Significant difference between homeopathic potencies and placebo. Inclusion criteria: Men and women aged 18-70, patients at CAPS-AD, with a support network. Exclusion criteria: Remission of cocaine use > two weeks, inability to participate virtually. Sample size: 120 participants, randomized 1:1 to verum or placebo sequences. Interventions: LM2, LM4, LM6 potencies of Opium and Erythroxylum coca, or placebo. Primary measure: Percentage of cocaine use days at week 3. Secondary measures: Cocaine use days, craving, progression, concomitant medications, adverse events, treatment adherence, and participant retention.

INTRODUCTION:Community pharmacies have been essential in primary health care globally, especially in common health conditions. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it played an important role in rapid testing, managing patients with symptoms, and providing essential medications. This study aims to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the Pharmacy Services Questionnaire to obtain a version adapted for use in Angola, ensuring semantic, item, conceptual and operational equivalences between the two versions. METHOD:The study followed guidelines established in the literature for the cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument. This is a methodological study with a pretesting phase, carried out with a total of 40 participants, being 10 in the adaptation phase and 30 in the pretesting phase. Ten pharmacies were selected by convenience in three cities, Malanje, Cuanza Norte and Luanda in Angola, where data were collected with users selected according to education levels. The process of cultural adaptation was carried out in four stages: 1st. Translation of Pharmacy Services Questionnaire items, 2nd. Back-translation of the items, 3rd Comparison of the original versions, translated and back-translated by a committee of judges and 4th. Pretesting. RESULTS:In phases 1, 2 and 3, 10 professionals with higher education were included and in phase 4, 30 users selected according to complete levels of education, 6 with higher education, 6 with high school, 6 with secondary education, 6 with primary education and 6 illiterates. Based on the analysis of responses from the DISABKIDS General Sheet, the feedback from participants suggests a high level of satisfaction with the questionnaire. The majority found it clear and easy to understand, and most considered the questions relevant and important. These findings indicate that the Angolan version of the questionnaire (PSQ-A) has been well-received and appears to be suitable for continued use in this context. CONCLUSIONS:The Angolan version of the Pharmacy Services Questionnaire was called the Questionnaire on Pharmacy Services (PSQ-A) and showed conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalence. To ensure the equivalence of PSQ-A measures, a study on psychometric properties will be addressed in the future when policymakers and service providers have information on the performance of pharmaceutical services from the patient's perspective.

Introduction: Biosafety recommendations for dentistry aim to protect patients and professionals from health risks. Studies have demonstrated a causal link between dental care and infection occurrence among patients and dental professionals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and compare frequencies of adequate sterilization monitoring in gravity autoclaves, through mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological controls, performed by professionals responsible for private dental services in Ribeirão Preto - SP, as well as to identify the professional category responsible for carrying it out. Method: This descriptive population-based study was quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of dental surgeons linked to the services who applied for a license for initial operation and renewal in the second half of 2018. Data were collected between January and March 2019. A validated questionnaire was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ribeirão Preto. Results: Among the 142 participants, 95.8% reported monitoring of the sterilization process. A total of 38.2% of the professionals who performed chemical and biological control were found to have periodically performed the chemical control at least once a day and the biological control weekly, 43.1% in the renewal category, and 10.0% in the initial request category. In the renewal category, 77.6% of dentists delegate responsibility to assistants and other professionals. This percentage is 40.0% for the initial request category. Conclusions: It is very worrying that six professionals did not perform any type of sterilization control. It is necessary to accelerate the revision of the regulations of the sterilization monitoring process and their standardization, and also invest in the educational process.

Background: Given the strong link between low-birth-weight (LBW) and neonatal mortality, reducing neonatal mortality to at least 12 per 1,000 live births is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030. Objective: The objective of this ecological study is to perform a spatio-temporal analysis of the prevalence of LBW and very low-birth-weight (VLBW) in Brazil between 2010 and 2023. Methods: This is an ecological study using data from 510 immediate regions in Brazil obtained from official health information systems. A Bayesian spatio-temporal model using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) was employed, where spatial and temporal effects respectively used a conditional autoregressive dependence structure and a random walk of order two. Results: A total of 38,772,489 birth records from 2010 to 2013 were identified, being the average VLBW and LBW rates were estimated at 1.03% and 7.10%, respectively. An increase in the temporal trend of VLBW and LBW relative risks on a national scale was observed in the period, being a more expressive increase starting in 2020. The highest rates were observed in the Brazilian Southeast and South regions, compared to other regions. Regions with a higher number of physicians per inhabitant tend to have a higher number of cases of VLBW per 100 live births. Higher percentages of illiteracy are associated with lower VLBW rates, while higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is associated with higher VLBW rates in the immediate regions. Conclusions: The prevalence of LBW and VLBW has increased in Brazil and, in line with the LBW paradox, is higher in less vulnerable regions.

Introdução: Abuso e negligência infantil representam problemas de saúde pública com repercussões graves em diversos aspetos para as vítimas. Crianças e adolescentes frequentemente enfrentam violência em seu contexto social, o que impacta suas relações pedagógicas e comportamental. A identificação precoce e a notificação obrigatória por profissionais de saúde são essenciais para reduzir esses danos. No entanto, a eficácia desta notificação depende da autoeficácia do profissional para identificação e notificação dos casos. Em Angola, dados do Instituto Nacional da Criança (INAC) e do SOS-Criança indicam, entre 2022 e 2024, o registro de 220.157 ocorrências de abuso contra menores, sendo 108.870 do sexo masculino e 111.287 do sexo feminino. Destacam-se 79.577 casos de fuga à paternidade, 32.358 de violência física, 28.825 de negligência, 17.956 de exploração do trabalho infantil e 9.883 de violência sexual, entre outros. O presente estudo está alinhado à meta 16.2 dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da ONU, que visa eliminar todas as formas de violência contra crianças. Objetivo: O objetivo central foi refletir sobre a aplicabilidade teórica e prática do Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CANRSE) para profissionais de saúde em Angola, considerando fatores culturais, sociais e estruturais locais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo teórico-metodológico baseado em revisão de literatura e discussões promovidas por um grupo interdisciplinar do Grupo de Pesquisa sobre Medidas em Saúde (GPEMSA), sob o referencial de autoeficácia de Albert Bandura. Resultados: Os resultados reforçam o papel crucial dos profissionais de saúde na proteção de crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade, e indicam que o CANRSE apresenta potencial como ferramenta para avaliar a autoeficácia desses profissionais na notificação de casos de abuso infantil. Contudo, sua implementação em Angola requer adaptações linguísticas e culturais, capacitação contínua e protocolos claros de notificação. Conclusões: Conclui-se que o CANRSE pode contribuir significativamente para o fortalecimento das políticas públicas e dos sistemas de proteção à infância em Angola, sendo um instrumento válido para mensuração da autoeficácia profissional nesse contexto.