Relational developmental systems theory integrates a positive youth development (PYD) perspective on the transition to adulthood. Meanwhile, the developmental assets (DAs) model describes the personal and contextual resources that nurture PYD. This study examined the fulfillment of DAs and experience of social contribution in a sample of 23 Spanish undergraduates from seven universities (age range 18–25, Mage = 20.57, SD = 2.06). Data were collected from seven focus groups, each comprising undergraduate students from different academic years, universities, and degree programs. All interviews were conducted in Spanish for 50–65 min and comprised eight questions divided into three sections (internal assets, external assets, and social contribution and barriers). The results indicated that among internal assets, positive values, social competencies, and positive identity were important for adolescents. Additionally, the external asset of social support was a highly relevant resource. Regarding social contribution, the participants showed empathy towards the needs of the community and reported that helping others was rewarding. Clearly, the youth’s perspectives on their development should be considered while creating prevention and promotion programs that foster internal and external assets.

Background: Men’s psychosocial distress rates are underestimated, and the reason may be linked to gender mandates which make them reluctant to seek help. Their distress and mental health problems, therefore, may be silenced and are being concealed from the health system. In this line, the Andalusian Public Health System (Spain) is currently developing an initiative to address psychosocial distress: the GRUSE (socio-educational groups) intervention. The study objective was to explore how health professionals perceived the impact of the intervention initiative on men experiencing psychosocial distress. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was followed. Four focus groups took place between 2023 and 2024 in which health professionals participated (n = 37). A semi-structured script was used. Two researchers (interviewer and observer) implemented the groups, audio-recorded the discourses, and subsequently transcribed them for later analysis. Twenty-five codes were defined and sorted into five thematic categories. Results: The health professionals underscored the fact that hegemonic masculinity norms have negative effects on men’s health. They highlighted group intervention as a valuable and effective health system strategy to promote mental health based on a non-medicalising approach. The professionals stressed that the group presented the benefit of providing a platform for emotional containment, peer support, and the generation of networks. In addition, a change in the men’s attitude was observed after the intervention: though initially reluctant, they learned to seek help, without perceptions of male weakness. Conclusions: The health professionals recognised the benefits of the intervention for the male participants but found it difficult to initially engage and involve men. Therefore, the challenge is to design specific strategies to increase men’s participation and achieve greater overall effectiveness and social impact. It is important to consider the gender perspective when implementing this type of intervention and to train health professionals to ensure the non-reproduction of traditional gender roles.

El objetivo de este texto es el estudio de la relación entre el uso de redes sociales digitales y el grado en que la población apoya varias teorías de la conspiración referidas al contexto español. Los resultados muestran una asociación entre un mayor grado de uso de redes sociales y un mayor grado de apoyo a las teorías de la conspiración en al menos 3 de las 4 teorías consideradas. El análisis multivariante ha encontrado en todos los casos que, además del uso de redes sociales digitales, múltiples variables sociodemográficas, políticas y psicosociales intervienen en esta relación y de una manera específica en cada caso. Se concluye que este es solo un primer resultado que necesita de varias matizaciones y futuros estudios que profundicen en la naturaleza de esta asociación.

El Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía desarrolla la Estrategia Grupos Socioeducativos (GRUSE), enfocada a la promoción de la salud y del bienestar emocional de quienes presentan síntomas somáticos sin causa orgánica en los centros de salud de atención primaria. Esta intervención comenzó con grupos de mujeres y se ha ampliado a grupos de hombres, tras comprobar que el desempleo provocado por la crisis económica generaba malestares por la pérdida del «rol productivo». Se ha diseñado una investigación con metodología mixta para medir los efectos de los GRUSE en los hombres participantes. El diseño cuantitativo tiene corte longitudinal y cuasiexperimental, y se usa una batería de escalas como instrumentos de recogida de la información. El diseño cualitativo contempla la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el diseño de la investigación, con la que se espera recoger evidencias del impacto de la intervención.

The Public Health System of Andalusia develops the Socio-Educational Groups Strategy (GRUSE), focused on promoting the health and emotional well-being of those who present somatic symptoms without organic cause in primary care health centers. This intervention began with groups of women and has been extended to groups of men, after verifying that the unemployment caused by the economic crisis, generated discomfort due to the loss of the "productive role". A mixed methodology research has been designed to measure the effects of GRUSE in male participants. The quantitative design has longitudinal and quasi-experimental section, in which a battery of scales are used as instruments for collecting information. The qualitative design includes semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The objective of this article is to present the design of the research, with which it is expected to collect evidence of the impact of the intervention.

Introduction. Somatic symptoms with no organic cause are more prevalent among women than among men, with mental health problems generated by gender and social norms mainly being presented by females, to which the health system tends to provide an exclusively medicalised response. It is possible to implement group interventions that address the consequences of divergent socialisation hinging on gender as regards mental health, with these efforts having a positive impact on perceptions of well-being. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of socio-educational groups on the participants, using a qualitative methodology. Methodology. We conducted ten semi-structured interviews with participants in the socio-educational groups. Sample selection was intentional, selecting ten participants on the basis of the following variables: age, level of education, marital status, employment status, income level, and the size of the municipality in which they resided. This theoretical sampling technique allowed us to guarantee the heterogeneity of the participants and their discourse. To analyse the information, we applied a phenomenological and critical approach, and conducted a process of thematic analysis. Results. Well-being is the main theme that emerges from the analysis of the information, grouping together different sub-themes and properties. In the female participants discourse we noted that socio-educational groups helped them approach their lives differently, allowing them to feel better on the personal and relational levels. The coping mechanisms observed included problem-focused (questioning, gender awareness, acting on the problem, self-determination, social relations and integration into the labour market) and emotion-focused strategies (relativisation, acceptance and living in the present, relaxation techniques and emotional expression). Discussion. This study contributes to an understanding of how socio-educational groups offered a good strategy to improve participants’ mental health and perceived wellbeing by applying group work with a gender perspective. They provided a forum in which the participants became gender-aware, leading them to reconsider themselves and their lives, find new explanations for their experiences, and realise their ability to develop their creativity in the face of guilt and fear, allowing them to pursue new life projects. Conclusions. The results are consistent with the literature, which indicates the existence of gender norms adversely affecting participants' mental health problems. These problems could be reduced through work undertaken in socio-educational groups that enables them to develop new coping strategies. The implications for social policies include evaluating the potential of incorporating this type of strategy into the portfolio of public health services, as well as assessing the relevance of creating and carrying out socio-educational groups with men. With a view to the future, it would be valuable to establish qualitative measures over time to observe any changes in the participants’ discourse and experiences.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 ( N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic ( r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution-individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.

Se presenta el protocolo de Investigación del proyecto “Desarrollo Positivo Juvenil en Estudiantes Universitarios Españoles: Análisis de las Fortalezas Evolutivas relacionadas con la Salud, el Bienestar Psicológico y la Contribución Social” (Programa FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020, UHU-1259711). El objetivo general de este proyecto fue analizar en qué medida se encuentran satisfechas las dimensiones de desarrollo positivo juvenil en los universitarios españoles, así como examinar las fortalezas evolutivas asociadas y los correlatos en salud, contribución social y bienestar psicológico. El procedimiento de recogida de datos siguió una metodología mixta, con un estudio cuantitativo y otro cualitativo. El estudio cuantitativo consistió en un estudio longitudinal siguiendo una metodología de encuesta online. Respecto al estudio cualitativo, se siguió una metodología de grupos focales. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo en invierno y primavera de 2021.

This work examines the relationship between the use of social networks and the extent to which populations support certain conspiracy theories, within the context of a Spanish region. Results suggest an association between a higher level of social network use and an increased degree of support for at least 3 of the 4 considered conspiracy theories. Multivariate analysis also reveals that social networking is significant in all cases, but certain sociodemographic, political and psychosocial variables are involved and may play a specific role in each considered case. It has been concluded that follow-up and additional studies are necessary to ensure a greater understanding of this relationship.

Resumen: Objetivo: Presentar parte de los resultados de la evaluación de esta estrategia. Método: Diseño longitudinal (pre-post) y cuasiexperimental (grupo experimental y control), recogiendo información de 228 mujeres (114 en cada grupo) en cuatro momentos (un mes antes del programa, al mes de finalizarlo, a los 6 meses y al año y medio). Entre los instrumentos utilizados se encuentran la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión y la Escala de Autoestima. Resultados: Las mujeres del grupo experimental reducen sus síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y mejoran su autoestima, tras participar en el programa, y esta mejoría se mantiene hasta un año y medio después de finalizarlo. Por el contrario, las mujeres del grupo control no presentan diferencias pre-post en casi ninguna de las variables analizadas (salvo en los síntomas de ansiedad). Conclusión: Estos resultados apoyan los GRUSE como intervención no medicalizadora, y se considera que pueden servir como estímulo para mantener la estrategia e incluso extenderla a otros grupos de población que también experimenten malestar psicosocial. Abstract: Objective: To present part of the results of the evaluation of this strategy. Method: Longitudinal (pre-post) and quasi-experimental (experimental and control group) design, collecting information from 228 women (114 each group) in four moments (one month before the program; one month after the end of the program; six months and a year and a half). Among the instruments used are the Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Women in the experimental group reduce their symptoms of depression and anxiety and improve their self-esteem after participating in the program, and this improvement is maintained until a year and a half after the end of it. On the contrary, women in the control group do not present pre-post differences in almost none of the variables analyzed (except in anxiety symptoms). Conclusion: These results support GRUSE as a non-medical intervention, and it is considered that they can serve as a stimulus to maintain the strategy and even extend it to other population groups that also experience psychosocial discomfort.

Resumen: Objetivo: Conocer la percepción y opinión de profesionales de la salud de Atención Primaria sobre el impacto de la intervención grupal socioeducativa (GRUSE) no medicalizadora con mujeres que presentan síntomas somáticos sin causa orgánica. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Emplazamiento: Centros de salud de atención primaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, durante los años 2017 y 2018. Participantes o contextos: Se incluyó a 24 profesionales del ámbito de la salud, seleccionados según su nivel de implicación en la estrategia GRUSE (grupos socioeducativos). Método: Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, a través del método fenomenológico. La técnica empleada para recopilar la información es el grupo de discusión, sobre el que se realizó un análisis de contenido. El software Atlas.ti 8.0 se empleó como recurso de apoyo al análisis. Resultados: Los profesionales ponen en valor el trabajo de grupo como medio para provocar cambios y refieren la importancia de la intervención como estrategia no medicalizadora. Perciben que las participantes obtienen una serie de beneficios: mejora de su bienestar personal, aumento de su autoestima y autodeterminación y la generación de redes sociales, beneficios que repercuten igualmente en su entorno más inmediato. Conclusiones: En opinión de los profesionales, la estrategia tiene efectos positivos en las mujeres y no supone un incremento de los recursos para el sistema sanitario. Además, manifiestan la importancia de dotar a las mujeres de herramientas para el afrontamiento de problemas de la vida cotidiana, que derivan, en muchas de las ocasiones, de los mandatos de género predominantes en la sociedad patriarcal. Abstract: Objective: To know the perception and opinion of primary care health professionals on the impact of non-medicalizing group educational intervention (GRUSE) with women who present somatic symptoms without organic cause. Design: Qualitative phenomenological study. Setting: Primary care health centers in Andalusia, during 2017 and 2018. Participants and/or contexts: Twenty-four health professionals, selected according to their level of involvement in the GRUSE strategy (socio-educational groups). Method: A qualitative methodology is applied, through the phenomenological method. The technique used to collect the information is the discussion group, and a content analysis is carried out on it. The software Atlas.ti 8.0 is used as a support resource for the analysis. Results: Health professionals highlight group work as a means of achieving change, and point to the importance of intervention as a non-medicalizing strategy. They perceive that the participants obtain some benefits: the improvement of their personal well-being, the increase of their self-esteem and self-determination, and the generation of social networks, benefits that also affect their immediate surroundings. Conclusions: In the opinion of the professionals, the strategy has positive effects on women and does not mean an increase in resources for the health system. In addition, they express the importance of provide women with tools to cope with daily life problems derivates mostly from gender mandates of a patriarchal society.

This article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research is part of a 67-country study, titled the International COVID-19 study on Social & Moral Psychology, in which we use a Spanish dataset. Participants were residents in Spain aged 18 or above. The sample comprises 1,090 respondents, weighted to be representative of the Spanish population. Frequencies, correlations, bivariate analysis, and six models based on hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. The main finding is that most Spaniards are compliant with established guidelines of social distance during the pandemic (State of Alarm, before May 2020). Variables associated more with lower levels of compliance with these standards were explored. Six hierarchical multiple regression models found that compliance with social distance measures has a multifactorial explanation (R-2 between 20.4 and 49.1%). Sociodemographic factors, personal hygiene patterns, and the interaction between personal hygiene patterns and the support for political measures related to the coronavirus brought significant effects on the regression models. Less compliance was also associated with beliefs in some specific conspiracy theories with regard to COVID-19 or general conspiracy mentality (Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, CMQ), consumption patterns of traditional mass media (television, paper newspapers, magazines, and radio) and modern means to get informed (online digital newspapers, blogs, and social networks), political ideology, vote, trust in institutions, and political identification. Among the future lines of action in preventing the possible outbreak of the virus, we suggest measures to reinforce trust in official information, mainly linked to reducing the influence of disinformation and conspiracy theories parallel to the pandemic.

Aim. The main goal of the present study is to analyze the relationship between tolerance of online harassment in romantic relationships (OHRR) and the following variables that have been traditionally studied in research on gender-based violence (GBV): ambivalent sexism, and myths of romantic love and GBV. Additionally, sex-based differences among all the variables were analyzed. Method. 390 university students (M = 20.76; SD = 4.83) voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire. Results. Results revealed a positive correlation between OHRR and the other variables. Regarding sex-based differences, male respondents showed stronger sexist beliefs, greater internalization of the myths about romantic love and GBV, and higher tolerance of OHRR than did the female respondents. Conclusions. Given the social relevance of the topic and the results, it´s recommended to address these issues in academic and prevention programs for university students and offer several suggestions for future studies.

Objective: To know the perception and opinion of primary care health professionals on the impact of non-medicalizing group educational intervention (GRUSE) with women who present somatic symptoms without organic cause.Design: Qualitative phenomenological study.Setting: Primary care health centers in Andalusia, during 2017 and 2018.Participants and/or contexts: Twenty-four health professionals, selected according to their level of involvement in the GRUSE strategy (socio-educational groups).Method: A qualitative methodology is applied, through the phenomenological method. The technique used to collect the information is the discussion group, and a content analysis is carried out on it. The software Atlas.ti 8.0 is used as a support resource for the analysis.Results: Health professionals highlight group work as a means of achieving change, and point to the importance of intervention as a non-medicalizing strategy. They perceive that the participants obtain some benefits: the improvement of their personal well-being, the increase of their self-esteem and self-determination, and the generation of social networks, benefits that also affect their immediate surroundings.Conclusions: In the opinion of the professionals, the strategy has positive effects on women and does not mean an increase in resources for the health system. In addition, they express the importance of provide women with tools to cope with daily life problems derivates mostly from gender mandates of a patriarchal society. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.

OBJECTIVE:To present part of the results of the evaluation of this strategy. METHOD:Longitudinal (pre-post) and quasi-experimental (experimental and control group) design, collecting information from 228 women (114 each group) in four moments (one month before the program; one month after the end of the program; six months and a year and a half). Among the instruments used are the Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS:Women in the experimental group reduce their symptoms of depression and anxiety and improve their self-esteem after participating in the program, and this improvement is maintained until a year and a half after the end of it. On the contrary, women in the control group do not present pre-post differences in almost none of the variables analyzed (except in anxiety symptoms). CONCLUSION:These results support GRUSE as a non-medical intervention, and it is considered that they can serve as a stimulus to maintain the strategy and even extend it to other population groups that also experience psychosocial discomfort.