The antacid effectiveness of: dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate in humans has been compared. Samples of gastric contents were- removed over a seventy-five-minute period and evalated for pH and free and total acidity. The usefulness of the four antacids, based upon controlled pH in the order of their decreasing effectiveness, was as follows: dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

Rauwolfia canescens yields another alkaloid which possesses sedative and strong hypotensive activity. This newly isolated ester alkaloid has been termed 11- desmethoxyreserpine. Unlike reserpine, this alkaloid does not yield reserpic acid upon hydrolysis. The acid resulting as a hydrolysis product of 11-desmeth- oxyreserpine has been termed raunormic acid, whose physical properties differ markedly from those of reserpic acid. Acute oral, intraperitoneal, and chronic oral toxicity studies indicate that 11-desmethoxyreserpine exhibits in the test animal a favorable therapeutic index, thus assuring relative safety, warranting further pharmacologic and clinical studies.

The Thiry-Vella fistula dog was found to provide a quantitative and reproducible pharmacometric system for the evaluation of drug absorption from the intestinal mucosa. Instillation of buffered solutions of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen) into the in situ jejunal loop resulted in rapid and essentially complete absorption. Within the range examined (75, 150, 300, and 450 mg.), an increase in dose was reflected by a commensurate increase in the plasma concentration of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. Plasma concentration curves for each dosage level were parallel over a 2-hr postadministration period. The Thiry-Vella fistula provides a stable, readily accessible segment of intestinal mucosa with blood, nerve, and lymph supplies intact. The chronicity of the fistula preparation permits each animal to serve as its own control and to be used repeatedly to compare the absorption characteristics of the same drug at different dosage levels, as well as different drugs at the same or alternate dosage levels. The Thiry-Vella fistula dog was found to provide a quantitative and reproducible pharmacometric system for the evaluation of drug absorption from the intestinal mucosa. Instillation of buffered solutions of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen) into the in situ jejunal loop resulted in rapid and essentially complete absorption. Within the range examined (75, 150, 300, and 450 mg.), an increase in dose was reflected by a commensurate increase in the plasma concentration of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. Plasma concentration curves for each dosage level were parallel over a 2-hr postadministration period. The Thiry-Vella fistula provides a stable, readily accessible segment of intestinal mucosa with blood, nerve, and lymph supplies intact. The chronicity of the fistula preparation permits each animal to serve as its own control and to be used repeatedly to compare the absorption characteristics of the same drug at different dosage levels, as well as different drugs at the same or alternate dosage levels.

Chalcone R-2803 [2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy chalcone hydro-chloride] is an effective and long-acting depressor agent when administered intravenously and orally to dogs and rats. In the intact animal, R-2803 is essentially devoid of adrenolytic or ganglioplegic activity. Cross-circulation studies indicate that R-2803 does not possess central hypotensive activity. A direct action at the vascular level is demonstrated by inhibition of norepinephrine- and angiotensin-induced contractions of isolated aortic muscle. Single intravenous doses increase the sodium and potassium content of rabbit aorta, but decrease serum sodium and potassium values, reflecting an apparent shift in the equilibrium of electrolytes between blood and vascular tissue. Although a decrease in hypotensive activity is not observed after administration of R-2803 for 3 days, the electrolyte changes are less than those observed after single intravenous doses. An equidepressor dose of hesperidin methyl chalcone produces similar elevations of aortic sodium and potassium levels. The electrolyte alterations are not a consequence of blood pressure reduction as evidenced by failure of other hypotensive agents to alter aortic electrolyte balance. Sodium and potassium changes in vascular muscle may play a role in the initial phase of the hypotensive effect of the chalcones. Chalcone R-2803 [2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy chalcone hydro-chloride] is an effective and long-acting depressor agent when administered intravenously and orally to dogs and rats. In the intact animal, R-2803 is essentially devoid of adrenolytic or ganglioplegic activity. Cross-circulation studies indicate that R-2803 does not possess central hypotensive activity. A direct action at the vascular level is demonstrated by inhibition of norepinephrine- and angiotensin-induced contractions of isolated aortic muscle. Single intravenous doses increase the sodium and potassium content of rabbit aorta, but decrease serum sodium and potassium values, reflecting an apparent shift in the equilibrium of electrolytes between blood and vascular tissue. Although a decrease in hypotensive activity is not observed after administration of R-2803 for 3 days, the electrolyte changes are less than those observed after single intravenous doses. An equidepressor dose of hesperidin methyl chalcone produces similar elevations of aortic sodium and potassium levels. The electrolyte alterations are not a consequence of blood pressure reduction as evidenced by failure of other hypotensive agents to alter aortic electrolyte balance. Sodium and potassium changes in vascular muscle may play a role in the initial phase of the hypotensive effect of the chalcones.

The Journal of PeriodontologyVolume 34, Issue 3 p. 255-258 Effect of Enzyme-Chewing Gums upon Oral Hygiene† E. W. Packman, E. W. Packman The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this authorD. D. Abbott, D. D. Abbott The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this authorG. B. Salisbury, G. B. Salisbury The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this authorJos. W. E. Harrisson, Jos. W. E. Harrisson The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this author E. W. Packman, E. W. Packman The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this authorD. D. Abbott, D. D. Abbott The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this authorG. B. Salisbury, G. B. Salisbury The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this authorJos. W. E. Harrisson, Jos. W. E. Harrisson The authors wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert Heggie, Vice President and Director of Research.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 1963 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1963.34.3.255Citations: 17 †This study was made under a research grant by the American Chicle Company, New York, to LaWall and Harrisson, Research Laboratories, Inc., 1921 Walnut Street, Philadelphia 3, Pennsylvania. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume34, Issue3May 1963Pages 255-258 RelatedInformation