The antacid effectiveness of: dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate in humans has been compared. Samples of gastric contents were- removed over a seventy-five-minute period and evalated for pH and free and total acidity. The usefulness of the four antacids, based upon controlled pH in the order of their decreasing effectiveness, was as follows: dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

The effect of a series of antacid materials upon uropepsin output was evaluated in a group of 15 normal adults. The antacids, namely, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, hydrated magnesium aluminate-sulfate activated (HMAS), and bismuth subsalicylate, were administered on the comparable basis of acid consuming power (ACP). Urine specimens, both control and test, were evaluated for total proteolytic activity. Statistical analysis of the results showed all test materials, except calcium carbonate, to have elicited significant decreases (P < 0.05) in uropepsin excretion. The effect of a series of antacid materials upon uropepsin output was evaluated in a group of 15 normal adults. The antacids, namely, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, hydrated magnesium aluminate-sulfate activated (HMAS), and bismuth subsalicylate, were administered on the comparable basis of acid consuming power (ACP). Urine specimens, both control and test, were evaluated for total proteolytic activity. Statistical analysis of the results showed all test materials, except calcium carbonate, to have elicited significant decreases (P < 0.05) in uropepsin excretion.

The effects of sodium fumarate, sodium citrate, and sodium tartrate when fed to rabbits for 150 days at concentrations equivalent to 5.0% of the organic acids in the diet were investigated. Particular attention was given to the possible appearance of testicular toxicity.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsecticide-Rodenticide Toxicology, The Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats of Several Diet-Arsenic Trioxide MixturesE. W. Packman, D. D. Abbott, and J. W. E. HarrisonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1961, 9, 4, 271–272Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60116a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60116a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Purified fibrinogen was labeled with I131. Clots were produced in various blood vessels of dogs with the aid of this material. Radioactivity was continuously registered over the clot. Thus, the clot dissolving activity of potential fibrinolytic agents could be evaluated quantitatively. Four roteolytic enzymes of animal and plant origin were found to be ineffective as fibrinolytic agents.

The effects of dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate (DASC), aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, upon the proteolytic activity and volume of gastric secretion of the histamine-stimulated, pyloric-ligated rabbit have been studied. The probable clinical importance of the several factors that were observed has prompted the formulation of an “Index of Effectiveness” to be used as a means of evaluating gastric antacids. This index employs four factors: the maintenance of pH within the range of 3 to 5.5, in vitro acid consuming power, proteolytic activity, and the volume of the gastric secretion. Using this index, the antacids in order of decreasing effectiveness were: dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and aluminum hydroxide.

The degree of absorption at various time intervals of acetylsalicylic acid and acetophenetidin following the administration of tablets containing these substances, varies within the individual subject from day to day as widely as it does between different subjects. This variation in response between tablets can be influenced by differences in their physical properties or composition; however, it is also probable that the great differences which do occur may be due to the widely varying physiologic state of the subject.

In vitro disintegration tests have served as a control procedure in the production of uniform tableted products. These tests do not necessarily reflect the true in vivo disintegration of the tablet. A major factor which may be responsible is the effect of the thick, viscous, adhesive mucous which is constantly being produced within the alimentary tract. Disintegration values for a variety of tablets were determined in U. S. P. simulated gastric juice and in human gastric juice. In addition, these tablets were exposed to gastric mucous obtained from human subjects and then evaluated for disintegration properties in simulated gastric juice. Exposure to mucous for periods of three to five minutes significantly lengthened the disintegration time.

Reserpine administered either orally or subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 mg./Kg. did not appreciably alter the volume of gastric fluid secreted by rats during a four-hour period after pyloric ligation, but significantly increased both free and total titratable acidity. Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg./Kg. of oxyphenonium markedly reduced the volume of gastric fluid secreted following subcutaneous injection of reserpine, but did not decrease the titratable acidity per ml. of gastric juice. Oral administration of 15 mg./Kg. of meprobamate also increased free and total titratable acidity in the pyloric ligated rat. Intramuscular injection of 1.0 mg. of reserpine or 20.0 mg. of meprobamate markedly increased titratable free acidity in dogs prepared with gastric fistulas. The effect on gastric secretion of 1.0 mg. of histamine injecred intramuscularly was also determined in gastric fistula dogs to provide a basis for comparison.

A continuous pH recording device is described whereby gastric acidity may be determined accurately without removal of gastric juice from the stomach. The instrument can be assembled from equipment readily available commercially. By use of the instrument described, four compounds have been tested for their efficiency as antacids. These antacids, listed in decreasing order of effectiveness, are dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

A quantitative method based on the disappearance of I 131 labeled fibrin has been used to study the in vivo effect of fibrinolytic agents. Various preparations of human and bovine plasmin were found to lyse clots effectively. The minimal effective dose of human plasmin prepared by the method of Kline was 15 Loomis units/Kg. Plasmin preparations given intravenously produced hypotension and leukopenia followed by leukocytosis. Doses above 30 Loomis units/Kg. caused decrease in fibrinogen level and clotting index.