Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is a rare disease of childhood occurring between the ages of 3 and 5 years, characterized by recurrent non-suppurative parotitis, spontaneously evolving towards parotid gland dysfunction. Clinically, JRP presents in the form of unilateral or bilateral, usually asynchronous, swelling of the parotid gland. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound characteristics. Widespread use of sialendoscopy has opened up new prospects for the management of this disease. This review of the literature evaluates the role of sialendoscopy in the management of JRP. A Medline search retrieved 68 articles, 18 of which concerned JRP. Standard treatment consists of antibiotics for at least 10 days at the acute phase of the disease. All studies demonstrated the diagnostic value of sialendoscopy by visualizing strictures, hypovascularization and whitish intraductal debris. Sialendoscopy is also useful for treatment, by allowing intraductal lavage and, when possible, dilatation of strictures. Lavage is performed with saline solution, hydrocortisone, antibiotics or a combination of these solutions, with no significant differences in terms of efficacy. The mode of administration with or without sialendoscopy also appears to provide similar results. Sialendoscopy appears to be a diagnostic and therapeutic option, although it has not been shown to be more effective than simple lavage. All lavage solutions appear to be effective.

La parotidite récurrente juvénile (PRJ) est une maladie rare de l’enfant débutant entre 3 et 5 ans. Elle est caractérisée par la récidive de parotidite non suppurative évoluant spontanément vers le dysfonctionnement glandulaire. Cliniquement, elle se présente sous la forme d’une tuméfaction uni- ou bilatérale, le plus souvent asynchrone, de la glande parotide. Le diagnostic repose sur des critères échographiques caractéristiques. La démocratisation de la sialendoscopie a ouvert de nouvelles pistes pour sa prise en charge. Cette revue de la littérature a eu pour but d’évaluer cette technique dans la prise en charge des PRJ. Nous avons recensé dans Medline 68 articles dont 18 concernaient la PRJ. La plupart des équipes s’accordent pour prescrire un traitement par antibiotique d’une durée d’au moins 10jours en phase aiguë de la maladie. La sialendoscopie a dans toutes les études un intérêt diagnostique en visualisant des sténoses, une hypovascularisation et des débris intracanalaires blanchâtres. Elle a également un intérêt thérapeutique grâce aux lavages endocanalaires et quand cela est possible à la dilatation des sténoses. Les lavages se font par solution saline, d’hydrocortisone, d’antibiotique ou d’association de ces composés sans différences significatives d’efficacité. Le mode d’administration avec ou sans sialendoscopie semble également équivalent. La sialendoscopie semble être une option diagnostique et thérapeutique. Elle n’a cependant pas montré d’efficacité supérieure aux lavages simples. Les produits de lavages semblent tous efficaces.

Objectif Evaluer a six mois l’impact d’une education therapeutique couplee a un accompagnement telephonique par les infirmieres et la dieteticienne sur le controle glycemique et ponderal chez les patients diabetiques versus absence d’education et d’accompagnement. Materiels et methodes Etude expose/non expose d’evaluation d’intervention. Les patients beneficiaient soit d’un appel telephonique toutes les deux semaines par des infirmieres et la dieteticienne (cas) soit de l’accompagnement habituel du medecin traitant (temoins). Critere d’inclusion : patients diabetiques dont l’HbA1c est Resultats Trente-trois patients diabetiques (5 de type 1 et 28 de type 2) ont ete inclus et suivis dans l’etude jusqu’a son terme : 15 dans le groupe « coache » et 18 dans le groupe « non coache ». Les caracteristiques de leur diabete sont statistiquement comparables de meme que les complications deja presentes. 21,2 % d’atteintes retiniennes, 18,2 % de neuropathies, 15,2 % de MCV. A l’inclusion, l’IMC et l’HbA1c des patients « coaches » etaient de 31,5 ± 5,7 % et de 6,8 ± 0,5 % et comparables a ceux du groupe « non coache » : 33,9 ± 7,5 % et 6,8 ± 0,8 %. Les resultats a 6 mois font apparaitre 35,7 % d’amelioration de l’IMC de plus de 5 % dans le groupe « coache » vs 5,6 % dans le groupe « non coache » (p = 0,023) et une diminution de 3,3 % de l’HbA1c dans le groupe « coache » vs une augmentation de 3,8 % dans le groupe « non coache » (p = 0,03) avec des valeurs finales respectivement de 6,6 % et de 7,0 %. Conclusion Cette etude pilote montre que la mise en place d’un coaching regulier par des professionnels de sante s’il est couple a une education therapeutique est susceptible d’avoir un impact positif sur le controle de l’IMC et de l’HbA1c des patients diabetiques.

The release of five elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) from a municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BA) under different extraction conditions has been investigated by performing the three-step sequential extraction procedure proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Program of the European Union. A fourth step (strong acid attack) has been added in order to calculate the mass balance. The results of this study provide information on the potential mobility of the studied elements. Almost all of the Cr and part of the Mn are extracted with strong acid which indicates low potential mobility in the environment. Most of the Cu is extracted under oxidizing conditions. Pb and Zn are released under acidic condition, indicating the possibility of their mobilization by changes in pH. The reproducibility of the sequential extraction procedure is also discussed.

The incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) results in the annual production of 2.7 million tons of bottom ash in France. Utilisation of bottom ash in road construction is encouraged in France but strictly regulated. Because the incinerator residues contain enriched concentrations of metals and salts, particular attention must be focused on the potential environmental problems. In the present study, a laboratory tool (lysimeter) has been developed to reproduce the conditions of bottom ash utilisation and to study their environmental impact via the percolates collected at the bottom of the lysimeter. Four lysimeter experiments were conducted in order to study reproducibility, as well as the influence of water flow rate and pressure on the composition of the percolates. The lysimeter experiments have been then compared with the utilisation of bottom ash under real conditions (two experimental road sections). The comparison of results of lysimeter test and those measured after performing the French standard leach test (AFNOR NF X31-210) shows a recovery of 89% for the chlorides and between 30 and 35% for the sulfates. This indicates that almost all chlorides have been dissolved, contrary to the sulfates, which are less soluble.

France incinerates about 40% of its municipal solid waste (MSW), producing 2.7 million tons of bottom ash annually. Utilisation of bottom ash (BA) is encouraged in France but strictly regulated. Only bottom ash meeting specific criteria and produced in accordance with a quality assurance plan can be used in roadbeds and embankments. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of BA used in road construction under real conditions, two road sections were built: one containing a sub-layer of BA and the other, constructed using only natural gravel to serve as a reference. Water percolating through each roadbed was collected and sampled periodically over three years. Analysis of the samples shows minimal leaching of pollutants from BA. The results are encouraging and indicate that BA utilisation can be safe and can have an environmental impact no greater than that of natural materials.

Characterizing pseudo oil base muds (POBM) amounts to determining the relationships between the size distribution of droplets and stability of emulsions. Conventional scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) have been used to investigate these problems. However, hydrated samples are difficult to handle using such techniques. The Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM or Electroscan) and the cryogenic techniques have opened the door to the study of wet and non-conductive specimens, and of various liquids or emulsions. ESEM with the cold stage allows us to directly visualize emulsions :- without any preparation or coating;- at different temperatures, by controlling the specimen temperature (between -180°C and -8O°C) and pressure (between 400 and 1400 Pa).

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. LOCAL STRUCTURE IN A Cu2 Ti AMORPHOUS ALLOY BY EXAFS AND X-RAY SCATTERING D. Raoux, J. Sadoc, F. Lagarde, A. Sadoc, A. Fontaine