In light of the heightened requirements for cultivating innovative competencies in engineering talents under the Emerging Engineering Education(3E)initiatives,the imperative to bridge the theory-practice dichotomy in physics instruction at the tertiary level has become increasingly pronounced.This study advances pedagogical practices through four strategic di-mensions:curricular content modernization,interdisciplinary convergence,engineering prac-tice intensification,and innovative cognition cultivation.By architecting a tripartite instruc-tional framework encompassing"fundamental principles-technological archetypes-engineering implementations",we facilitate the synergistic integration of knowledge dissemination and in-novation capability development.Empirical evidence indicates marked enhancement in students'conceptual assimilation and systems thinking aptitudes.The proposed didactic para-digm not only establishes a replicable implementation pathway for revitalizing conventional foundational curricula but also contributes empirical references to physics education reform within the 3E paradigm.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors find widespread applications in biomedical engineering, environmental monitoring, and food safety owing to their nondestructive and rapid detection capabilities. However, the sensitivity of LSPR sensors is constrained by their broad spectral response. This study introduces a tunable Fano resonance biosensor that leverages the coupling of LSPR and Rayleigh anomaly (RA). The refractive index sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated through measurements of glucose/water solutions at various concentrations, demonstrating a refractive index sensitivity of 685 nm/RIU. Furthermore, the sensor chip functionalized with IgG antibodies, enables label-free detection of IgG antigens and real-time monitoring of biological reaction dynamics. The sensor chip exhibits a detection limit of 40 ng/mL. This straightforward and highly sensitive biosensor chip holds promise for applications in immunoassays, clinical diagnostics, and drug screening in the future.

Nanoplasmonic waveguides have been demonstrated to own unique advantages in controlling the directionality of nanoscale chiral light sources. They could facilitate the directional propagation of chiral light, enhance electromagnetic field localization, and significantly amplify light–matter interaction intensities. Notably, gap plasmon structures with asymmetric geometries exhibit a remarkable degree of directional coupling. However, due to divergence loss in dielectric waveguides, achieving long-distance directional light transmission remains challenging. In this work, we have fabricated gold helices with sharp tips and spiral grooves, forming a gap plasmon nanostructure incorporating a gold helix. Then, through Raman spectroscopy and finite-difference time-domain method, we have systematically investigated the asymmetric directional propagation of chiral light in this nanostructure. The gold helices exhibit a pronounced Raman scattering signal, resulting in the augmented optical signal enhancement effect. Moreover, the gap plasmon nanostructure significantly enhances the emission intensity and the transmission distance of light, which enables precise control over the directional propagation of chiral light. These findings hold significant potential for improving the emission intensity of chiral light, which is crucial for information transmission and chip-based information processing.

Solution-processed plastic semiconductors have garnered significant attention recently due to their ease fabrication and diverse optoelectronic functionalities, positioning them as promising contenders for the next generation of semiconductors. However, comprehending the molecular ordering in polymer semiconductor blends during solution processing remains a captivating challenge. In this study, we chose poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly(3-hexylselenophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HS) blends as the model system and examined the molecular ordering of blends with low molecular weights (below the entanglement) and high molecular weights (above the entanglement). By employing a combination of structural analysis, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical modeling, valuable insight regarding the arrangement of molecules in three dimensions within P3HT/P3HS blends of varying molecular weights have been acquired. Through these analyses, we establish a comprehensive relationship between molecular weight, molecular ordering, and exciton coherence in polymer-polymer blends.

We characterized exciton diffusion and dissociation behaviour in two ITIC derivatives non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) by time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The exciton diffusion length was determined to be similar to 26 and similar to 34 nm in ITIC and IT4F. We further examined the dissociation of excitons in those NFA at the acceptor/donor planar heterojunction interfaces by transient absorption measurements, in which efficient charge generation was observed. Finally, we fabricated planar heterojunction solar cells using PM6/NFA bilayer planar heterojunctions; a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 7 % for PM6/IT4F bilayers was determined. More importantly, the spin-coating of top layer NFA has negligible influence on the morphology of the PM6 layer, suggesting a clear bilayer interface, rather than a quasi-bilayer structure with a portion of bulk heterojunction. The results suggest that enhanced exciton diffusion length and efficient exciton dissociation and charge generation are elemental characters to realize high PCE planar heterojunction organic solar cells. We established direct linking between the exciton diffusion length and the photocurrent generation in NFA layer by transfer matrix simulation. The large exciton diffusion length in NFAs makes the realization of high efficiency and stable bilayer organic solar cells feasible.

Electro-catalytic conversion of nitrate (NO 3 - ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) via the Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia (NORA) process represents a promising strategy for both ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation. Despite its potential, the efficiency of low -concentration NORA is often hindered by mass transfer limitations, competing byproducts (N 2 and NO 2 - ), and side reactions such as hydrogen evolution. This study introduces a novel pulsed electro-synthesis technique that alternates the potential to periodically accumulate and transform NO 2 - intermediates near a Cu2O@Pd electrode, enhancing the NORA process. Compared with that under potentiostatic conditions, the Cu 2 O@Pd electrodes exhibited a higher NORA activity under the optimized pulsed condition, where a NH 3 -N Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 81.2%, a yield rate of 1.08 mg h -1 cm -2 and a selectivity efficiency (SE) of 81.5%, were achieved. In -situ characterization revealed an enhancement mechanism characterized by optimized adsorption of the key *NO intermediate, followed by the hydrogenation path " *N -> *NH -> *NH 2 -> *NH 3 " . Further investigations indicated the electro-catalytic synergies between Pd sites and Cu species, where the Pd atoms were the reaction sites for the H adsorption while the Cu species were responsible for the NO 3 - activation. This research offers a novel insight into a method of enhancing low -concentration NORA.

A new method for cutting silicon carbide wafers using a femtosecond laser has been proposed after studying the mechanism of action. The superiority of this method was established through a comparison with traditional molecular laser cutting on a test bench. The cutting speed and laser peak power were adjusted to determine the best parameters for cutting silicon carbide wafers using femtosecond pulse laser. Using this method can effectively reduce production costs, improve crystal cutting efficiency and quality, and has potential applications in hard and brittle crystal cutting.

Metallic photonic lattices are promising in their application to plasmonic optical devices; however, scalable fabrication strategies are limited by sample size, response wavelength (mostly in the visible range), cost, and duration. This paper proposes a direct imprinting strategy to fabricate large-area metallic photonic lattices, which present a strong plasmonic response and broadband angle-resolved tuning properties in the infrared region. This simple fabrication strategy combines solution-synthesized Au nanoparticle colloid and imprinting technology, which does not require the use of photoresist or lithography. Thus, the feature size and response wavelength can exceed the limitations of the beam size and wave band, thereby offering the advantages of a low cost and high throughput.

In order to obtain high power and high flatness nanosecond all-fiber near-infrared supercontinuum light source, to meet various scientific research, industrial, military and other fields of application. In this paper, an all-fiber laser with the master oscillating power amplifier (MOPA) structure is used. The amplifier structure is two stages pre-amplifier and three stages main amplifier output. The seed source is a 1064 nm direct-modulated pulse tunable laser. The output laser repetition rate is 500 kHz, the pulse width is about 5.6 ns, the spectral flatness of 900 nm to 1700 nm(except the residual laser peak at 1064 nm) is less than 12 dB, and the average power is as high as 105.4 W. Its output power stability is high, can run for a long time, so it can use the practical application in various fields.

The whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity has a high-quality factor and small mode volume, for the property of confining photons in a small volume for a long time, which enhances the light-matter interaction. Combining with quantum dots that act as gain medium, it can realize low-threshold and narrow-linewidth microlasers with excellent performance. However, achieving conventional whispering gallery mode lasers still requires complex preparation conditions. Here, we report a narrow linewidth whispering gallery mode lasing from all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3 QDs), illustrating facile and cost-effective properties. CsPbBr3 QDs with excellent properties were synthesized by hot injection method and used as gain media for lasers, and microspheres as optical resonators. The whispering gallery mode laser with a quality factor Q of 4791 and a narrow linewidth of 0.11 nm was obtained at room temperature. The WGM microlaser achieved by this paper could be a great application prospects in biotechnology.

Understanding the relation between phase morphology and physical processes in polymer blends is the key to the fabrication of reproducible and reliable polymer optoelectronic devices. In this work, taking the advantage of low-temperature spectroscopy, we have observed the on-site generation of excitons and long-lived charges in different phase morphology polymer/fullerene blends. Probing at 10K, the photo-generated species are localized to where they are generated. We found that the generation of excitons and long-lived charges is highly influenced by the local molecular phase morphology. We further demonstrated that although the influence of phase morphology is localized to the place that excitons and long-lived charges are generated, this influence can persist over sub-millisecond timescales. Thus, we believe that the fate of excitons and long-lived charges is determined by the location at which they are generated, which can in turn be controlled precisely by molecular phase morphology.

The application of halide perovskite materials as lasing devices has recently attracted great attention. However, the instability of such materials against moisture significantly restrict the application in many occasions. In order to protect the unstable perovskite materials against oxygen and moisture, various encapsulation strategies have been proposed. Regrettably, few of them are designed for aqueous envi-ronments. Herein, we demonstrate a photo-polymerized acrylic acid (ADCP) acting as substrate and encapsulation layer to fabricate (CH3NH3)PbBr3 (MAPbBr(3)) films and realize amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with low threshold in water. Lasing threshold from MAPbBr(3) films sandwiched by ADCP decreases slightly from 12 mJ/cm(2) in air to similar to 9 mJ/cm(2) in water. The specific morphology, superb wettability and high-water stability are expected to contribute to the low ASE threshold. The aqueous environment with higher refractive index is speculated to be one of the origins of the slightly lower ASE threshold. Our results demonstrate a strong potential for applications of perovskite materials in lasing devices in aqueous environment and a new path to realize low threshold lasing. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Controlling molecule aggregation in polymer films is one of the key factors in understanding the links between properties and structures in organic semiconductors. Here, we used poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as the model system. By doping the insulating polar additive poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) into P3HT film and controlling the processing methods, we achieved the side-to-side H-aggregate and head-to-tail J-aggregate of P3HT molecules with different extents at room temperature. We have demonstrated that the solvent solidification rate plays an important role in the controlling of molecule aggregation, which finally influenced the solid-state phase separation in the film. Furthermore, based on a series of spectroscopy investigations, we quantified the electronic spatial coherence in different aggregations combined with the modified Franck-Condon model. Subsequently, we established the relationship between the processing method, the molecule aggregation, and the electronic spatial coherence.

ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of particle plasmons on exciton and charge generation and recombination processes in the blend of poly (9‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐9H‐carbazole‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl‐2,5‐thiophenediyl) (PCDTBT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 70 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM). The particle plasmons are generated from gold nanoparticles, which are embedded into PCDTBT:PC 70 BM blend. For the blend with gold nanoparticles, we observe enhance light harvesting. Despite the enhanced light collection, we find that the quasi‐steady‐state charge generation has not been influenced by the particle plasmons. However, the generation and recombination of long‐lived (sub‐millisecond) polaron paris have been significantly enhanced: from untrapped state in the pristine blend to the trapped state in the gold nanoparticle‐embedded blend. This result implies that the plasmon‐influenced polarons are trapped at the broadband geminate polaron pair (GPP) state. This state acts as an intermediate state, which either leads to the formation of charge transfer excitons (CTXs) or free charge carriers. In our case, the particle plasmon‐influenced polarons are trapped in the GPP state, which leads to the formation of CTXs. For this reason, we do not observe the enhanced charge generation in PCDTBT:PC 70 BM blend with particle plasmon resonance. Finally, we revealed that the long‐lived polarons mainly resulted from the localization by particle plasmons. The macroscopic modification in the blend film made negligible contributions to this influence. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55 , 940–947

We investigate the effect of phase morphology on the nature of charges in semicrystalline polymer:fullerene blends on submillisecond timescale by quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorption spectroscopy.

In this work, we study the nature of long-lived photoexcitations in intercalated, partially and predominantly non-intercalated semicrystalline poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecyl-thiophen-2-yl)thieno [3,2,-b]thiophene) (pBTTT):phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) blend films by quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy. We find that polarons are generated in these microstructures. However, the polarons generated in partially and predominantly non-intercalated films (1.7 eV) are at higher energy than in intercalated film (1.4 eV). After comparing with the polaron generation in neat pBTTT polymer film, we propose that the polarons generated in partially and predominantly non-intercalated film are delocalized charges, and the polarons generated in intercalated film are localized charges. Furthermore, we also find that the polarons generated in the partially non-intercalated film have the longest lifetime.

Distinguishing the quantum bit error rate (QBER) resulting from the eavesdropping actions and from the system itself is an important problem in long-distance quantum communication. We propose a new quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, through a systematic comparison between the two-and four-state protocols. In this new protocol, the QBER from eavesdropping is largely enhanced, so that the capability to distinguish it from the system's QBER is improved significantly. In addition, we used three different coding systems to realize this new protocol. High simplicity and high security are the main advantages of this new protocol, which enables easier identification of the invasion of the eavesdroppers.

Crystal needles of N,N-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (EPPTC) are produced through p-stacking and are embedded in the thin film of poly(9,9-din-hexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) when the blend solution of EPPTC and PFO in p-xylene is spin-coated onto a glass substrate. Charge transfer (CT) complex is resolved from the spectroscopic response of the blend film, which is generated only when the PFO molecules are excited. Thus, the PFO molecules are specified as donors and the H-aggregated EPPTC as acceptors in the formation of CT state (CTS). The emission resulting from the CTS in the red is further recognized by its much longer lifetime than both the intrinsic emission of the individual EPPTC molecules and that of their pure aggregates. Near-field analysis verifies that the CTS form on the boundary between the PFO and the crystal phases. The CT exciton forms by bounding the hole left on HOMO of the donor (PFO) and the indirectly transferred electron to the H-aggregate state of EPPTC, which transits back to the ground state by emitting a photon at about 650 nm. This introduces special physics in the heterojunctions that are coupled with the H-aggregates and mechanisms important for the design of organic photovoltaic devices. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013, 51, 749-755

We find that the external quantum efficiency of photovoltaic diodes based on finely mixed blends of poly-9,9’-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N’-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N’-phenyl-l,4-phenylenediamine (PFB) and poly-9,9’- dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole (F8BT) depends strongly on the blend ratio. The peak external quantum efficiency is optimum for a PFB:F8BT ratio of 3:1. The difference of peak efficiency for this composition and a 1:1 ratio is significantly higher than the reported yield of charge-transfer excitons. From a surface topography analysis, we believe that charge percolation plays a crucial role in photocurrent efficiency in PFB:F8BT diodes. Furthermore, we present a qualitative model for different charge percolation pathways in diodes of different blend ratios.

We investigate how the acceptor-rich domain influences the microstructure and photoluminescence properties, and consequently the external quantum efficiency of photovoltaic diodes based on blend films of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(N,N′-diphenyl)-N,N′di(p-butyl-oxy-pheyl)-1,4-diaminobenzene)] (PFB) and poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′–3}-thiadiazole)] (F8BT). We find that the interfacial area depends strongly on the size and density of acceptor- or F8BT-rich domains in the phase-separation scheme. There exists an optimized density and size distribution of the F8BT-rich domains, which favors spatial charge dissociation. Meanwhile, the balance of charge percolation between the donor(PFB)- and acceptor(F8BT)-rich domains also plays important roles in charge extraction and collection.