Bijeli vimenjak je rijetka vrsta naših šuma. Tokom dvogodišnjih terenskih istraživanja (2021-2023) flore okoline Sarajeva, na lokalitetu Donjih Miševića konstatovan je niz populacija ove vrste. Vrsta je nađena u nekadašnjoj hrastovo grabovoj šumi na kojoj je zasađen bijeli bor. Dati su svi dostupni geološki, pedološki i ekološki parametri. Nadmorska visina je izmjerena pomoću GPS uređaja „Magelan eXplorist 500“. Nagib terena je utvrđen sa klinometrom iz kompasa „Recta DP 6 GLOBAL“. Takođe, utvrđeno je da u "Herbarijumu Zemaljskog muzeja BiH (SARA)" ne postoji nijedan herbarizovan primjerak pa će se dio materijala herbarizovati i pohraniti u isti.

Ragweed is a neophyte which inhabits various crops and ruderal habitats. That is the reason why this paper is dedicated to phytocenology and ecological relations of ragweed in such a habitat. Research was carried out in the area of a former railway freight and customs terminal, in the period from 2021 to 2023. Phytocenological image was made and all the parameters were assessed: life form, phytocenological affiliation, floral elements, indicator values, and soil analysis. The aim of the paper is to present the places where ragweed may be found, as well as under what ecological conditions and with what other species it occurs. This research yielded new data on the phytocenology of ragweed, determined in the vegetation of the order Chenopodietalia. A total of 69 species from 23 families were identified. The most numerous is the Asteraceae family. Phytocenologically, the largest number of species belongs to the order Chenopodietalia, and as far as the indicator values are concerned, the most numerous are the representatives of tertiary vegetation. Hemicryptophytes predominate regarding life forms, and concerning the floral elements, 40 different elements from 9 groups were noted. The most numerous group are Eurasian species, and the most numerous individual floral elements are euras-smed and eurassubozean-smed.

Ophraella communa LeSage, 1986 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an invasive alien species from North America whose first finding in Europe was recorded in August 2013.(Boriani et al. 2013, In.Agrar.69: 61).Given that this species primarily feeds on common ragweed, Ambrosia spp., not long after its discovery, the question was raised whether O. communa as a natural enemy could contribute to a sustainable way to control Ambrosia spp. in Europe.Altogether, this resulted in a large number of studies on its presence, distribution, biology, host range, and potential status (Bašić and -

Tokom trogodišnjih terenskih istraživanja na području Kantona Sarajevo (od 2019. do 2022) identifikovali smo nova nalazišta tri strane vrste: Digitalis purpurea L., Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nelson i Armoracia rusticiana Gaertn., Mey et Scherb. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikupiti i prikazati nove konkretne podatke o rasprostranjenosti i ekološkim uslovima u kojima se razvijaju ove alohtone i invazivne vrste, što može biti od velike važnosti u borbi protiv njih i njihovom adekvatnom kontrolisanju. Za svaki lokalitet gdje su pronađene biljke priložili smo niz dodatnih informacija kao što su: nadmorska visina, geografska širina i dužina, tip zemljišta te pripadnost fitocenološkom redu. Pregledana je dostupna literatura i materijal herbarijumske zbirke Zemaljskog muzeja BiH – SARA, te je utvrđeno da su svi lokaliteti novi za istraživane vrste. Priloženi su svi ranije publikovani podaci, kao i podaci o primjercima prisutnim u herbarijumu SARA za područje Bosne i Hercegovine.

Food spoilage is phenomenon associated with occurence of the microorganisms in agricultural products. Due to the ability of several microorganisms to colonize plant material, agrochemicals were proposed to suppress bacterial growth. However, overuse of agrochemicals has detrimental impact on environmental quality. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.), and chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) to suppress the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of these plant extracts was determined using the disc diffusion method. Mueller-Hinton agar was inoculated with bacterial inoculum; six filter paper disks, impregnated with 15 μl aqueous extract (1, 2 and 4%), were placed on each agar surface. The Petri dishes were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and expressed in millimeters (mm). Almost all aqueous extracts showed a negligible effect on the growth of E. coli and E. faecalis. Significant suppression of bacterial growth compared with other treatments was observed with the aqueous extract of wild garlic at a concentration of 4%. This research confirms the potential of wild garlic extract in suppression of potential pathogens.

Plant essential oils have antimicrobial properties that are widely used in food preservation and aromatherapy and also have various medicinal uses. The way essential oil will affect the microorganisms widely depends on the type of microorganism and the type of oil used. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to essential oil antimicrobial traits than gram-negative bacteria. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) essential oil has a wide range of antimicrobial applications; this oil is recommended for potential health benefits because of its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial potential of the ragweed essential oils against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial effect of the oil was examined using a diffusion method test. Before the experiment, the inhibition zone of bacterial growth was determined using the antibiotic gentamicin. The results of the study confirmed the antimicrobial effect of ragweed oil on the growth of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis growth, while this oil had negligible effect on Escherichia coli growth. Moderate susceptibility of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis and resistance of E. coli was observed after ragweed treatment compared to the standard inhibition zone values proposed by EUCAST. This research confirms the potential application of ragweed essential oil in the inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis growth.

Chloride ion (Cl−) is one of the most abundant inorganic anions in water. In the soil, it originates from many chlorine minerals. Chlorides in soil can be released also as constituent of fertilizers. Fertilizers in greenhouses are used in high amount, where salinization of soil often happens. Increased chloride content on arable land can significantly affect the cultivation of certain agricultural crops, and the first step towards solving this problem must be to determine the chloride content as accurately as possible. The aim of this research is to determine the chloride content in soil samples from greenhouses by use of automatic titration, and to record possible disturbances caused by certain cations (Fe3+), and to propose a way to minimize them. The following samples were used as material: soil from five greenhouses, soil samples outside the greenhouse - control, and irrigation water samples. In the samples following basic parameters were measured: hygroscopic water content, pH value in water and CaCl2, redox potential and electrical conductivity. Chloride content was measured with automatic titrator, and iron content with atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame atomization (Shimadzu AA 7000 instrument). Irrigation water had a neutral pH value, while the soil samples were slightly acidic (6.74) to alkaline (8.36). Irrigation water does not contribute in chloride content in soils. The highest chloride content was 226.7 mg/kg, and at this chloride value, moderately resistant plants can show negative changes. There is a certain difference in chloride content with and without EDTA addition, but amount of iron was not high enough to cause significant interference (average: 9.86 mg/kg).

Plant essential oils have antimicrobial properties that are widely used in food preservation and aromatherapy and also have various medicinal uses. The way essential oil will affect the microorganisms widely depends on the type of microorganism and the type of oil used. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to essential oil antimicrobial traits than gram-negative bacteria. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) essential oil has a wide range of antimicrobial applications; this oil is recommended for potential health benefits because of its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial potential of the ragweed essential oils against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial effect of the oil was examined using a diffusion method test. Before the experiment, the inhibition zone of bacterial growth was determined using the antibiotic gentamicin. The results of the study confirmed the antimicrobial effect of ragweed oil on the growth of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis growth, while this oil had negligible effect on Escherichia coli growth. Moderate susceptibility of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis and resistance of E. coli was observed after ragweed treatment compared to the standard inhibition zone values proposed by EUCAST. This research confirms the potential application of ragweed essential oil in the inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis growth.

Tuta absoluta is the most abundant pest of vegetable species from the Solanaceae family, which has been member of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) entomofauna since 2010. It is widespread in the protected production spaces of the Mediterranean and continental areas of B&H, and has become a serious problem in tomato protection. According to the many studies frequent use of older generation insecticides has led to increased resistance of Tuta absoluta. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of the newer insectides generation such as: Chlorantraniliprole, Methoxyfenozide and Emamectin benzoate in suppressing the tomato leaf miner population collected from the southern area of B&H. Insecticides were applied in different concentrations to three tomato hybrids (Matias F1, Belle F1, Rally F1) under controlled conditions. Test was performed according to the modified „leaf-deep method“ (IRAC). The concentrations of applied insecticides had different effectiveness against Tuta absoluta. Insecticides based on active substances: Chlorantraniliprole, Methoxyfenozide and Emamectin benzoate, which were applied in two different concentrations, had no significant effect on reducing the resistance of Tuta absoluta.

ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. Basil is grown in different regions with varying climates; the productivity and quality are influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the application of different types of fertilizers on the yield and contents of some bioactive components in basil. The treatments consisted of three different types of fertilizers (mineral, organomineral, and organic) and control (without fertilization). The yield per plant and the essential oil content with fertilizer treatment were better than that in control. The highest fresh yield (450.9 g per plant) and oil content (0.94 mL 100 g-1) were recorded in basil cultivated using mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, the fresh yield (333.9 and 327.8 g per plant) and oil content (0.87 and 0.85 mL 100 g-1) were higher after the application of organic and organomineral fertilizers compared to that in the control treatment. There was no significant effect of fertilizer application on the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrated a suitable practical application of organomineral fertilizers as a nutrient source in basil crop production in areas where the use of mineral and organic fertilizers is limited.

Naturally occurring heavy metals are commonly adsorbed onto substances with a large active surface, such as clays and iron oxyhydroxides. Different heavy metals could show different adsorbing preference to clays or iron oxyhydroxides, whereas a deep clay pit sediment sample with frequent subsampling gives the results that are more reliable. This study aimed to reveal differences in behavior of heavy metals and their relationships to total and amorphous iron in the deep clay pit core sample. In this research, 110 samples of the 33.0 m deep clay pit core sample were studied. Nine heavy metals from the clay open pit mine were investigated: total Fe (Fe-t) and amorphous (e.g., limonite) or poorly crystalline (e.g., ferrihydrite) (Fe-am), Mn, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. Total amounts of metals (M-t) were extracted by means of concentrated HNO3 and HF. Amorphous amounts of iron (Fe-am) were extracted using the ammonium oxalate method. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured with an ICP-OES instrument. For statistical evaluation purposes, the following descriptive statistics tools were used: maximum, minimum, average, and median value. Behavior of heavy metals was investigated through standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (CV), skewness (SK), Z score (Z), PCA analysis, correlations, and correlations after Al normalization. The results of the SD and CV indicate that the clay pit sample is very heterogeneous. Heavy metals are mostly highly correlated with total and amorphous Fe. High correlation was found between the pH-related parameters, Fe-t-Fe-am, Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, Co-Ni, Co-Mn, and Pb-Cr (negative). Multivariate statistical analysis distinguished three subgroups: (1) Fe-t, Fe-am, Ni, Co, and Mn; (2) Pb, Zn, and Cr; and (3) Cu and V, suggesting a possible common source and similar behavior. Although clays are much more present in the samples, heavy metals are mostly connected to iron oxyhydroxides.

It has been more than seven decades since the first data on the presence of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Bosnia and Herzegovina was published. The literature data show that this invasive weed species has spread and became naturalized in a major part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and has a tendency of further spreading. It is believed that was introduced from the north and spread towards the south. Depending on the weather conditions, common ragweed occurs predominantly during the mid-spring and produces inflorescences from July until the first frost. The common ragweed plants can grow to be over 2 meters high. This species is very adaptive to different environmental conditions, and its fast expansion in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina was favored by the increase of areas under uncultivated and abandoned land after the war. Since common ragweed is harmful both as a weed species and as an allergenic plant dangerous to human health, it is necessary to take all available measures to prevent its further spread, but also to reduce the number of populations in the areas where it is already established.Key words: common ragweed, invasive weeds, Bosnia and Herzegovina Pred več kot 70 leti so bili objavljeni prvi podatki o pojavu ambrozije (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) v Bosni in Hercegovini. Literaturni podatki kažejo, da se je ta invazivna vrsta razširila in postala običajna v večjem delu Bosne in Hercegovine in kaže da se bo širila še naprej. Velja prepričanje, da je bila uvedena in se širila od severa proti jugu. Odvisno od vremenskih razmer se ambrozija pojavlja predvsem sredi pomladi in se na njej razvijajo socvetja od meseca julija do prve slane. Rastline ambrozije lahko zrastejo do višine preko 2 m. Vrsta se zelo prilagaja različnim okoljskim razmeram, k njenemu širjenju na območju Bosne in Hercegovine je prispevalo v času vojne tudi širjenje neobdelanih in zapuščenih zemljišč. Ker je ambrozija škodljiva tako kot plevelna rastlina, kot rastlina, ki povzroča alergije in škoduje zdravju ljudi, je nujno izvajati ukrepe za preprečevanje nadaljnjega širjenja. Zelo pomembno pa je tudi zmanjševanje števila rastlin v populacijah, kjer je že razširjena.Ključne besede: ambrozija, invazivni pleveli, Bosna in Hercegovina