This study was conducted to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with forage plants in the native grassland of western Inner Mongolia and to evaluate their effects on alfalfa silage fermentation. Forage plants and their spontaneous fermentation silages were analysed using culture-based techniques for LAB isolation; the phenotypic properties and 16S rDNA and pheS or rpoA gene sequences of the isolates were evaluated; alfalfa was ensiled with four additive combinations: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (GI19), Lact. plantarum subsp. plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus (GI19+GI51), GI19 and 20 g/kg fresh matter of sucrose (GI19+S), and GI19+GI51+S, for 60 d. A total of 73 strains belonging to 16 species were isolated. All isolates grew at 5–45 °C and in 3.0% NaCl, and most of them grew in 6.5% NaCl. Enterococcus faecalis and Lact. plantarum were 26.03% and 17.81% of the total isolates, respectively. All additives improved the silage quality, while GI19+S was more effective for alfalfa ensiling with a higher lactic acid content and lower pH, undesirable microorganism counts, and acetic acid and NH3-N contents than remnant additives. In conclusion, the LAB species were diverse, and most of them possessed good cryotolerance and osmotolerance; GI19+S was the optimal inoculant for alfalfa fermentation improvement.

Oxytropis glabra (OG) is a leguminous forage that is potentially valuable for solving the shortage of feed for livestock production, while, in large quantities, it may be toxic because of its swainsonine (SW) content. In this study, OG was ensiled with whole-plant corn (Zea mays L.) at 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 0:10 ratios on a fresh matter basis, and, after 60 d of ensiling, the chemical composition, fermentation characteristic, SW removal rate, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations, and their capabilities for SW removal were analyzed. As the proportion of corn in the silage increased, the pH, as well as the propionic acid, ammonia-N, dry matter, crude protein, and SW contents, decreased linearly, while the lactic acid, neutral detergent fiber, and residual water-soluble carbohydrate contents increased linearly. Lactobacillus plantarum was the most common microorganism present in all mixture silages. Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillusbrevis were prevalent at lower ratios of corn to OG. Meanwhile, the LAB strains belong to L. amylovorus and L. plantarum had a higher SW removal rate. Our results suggested that ensiling OG with whole-plant corn improves fermentation and decreases SW content, and that 5:5 is the optimal ratio, so this type of mixed silage could make OG useable for ruminant production.

This study was conducted to evaluate silage fermentation and protein degradation of alfalfa prepared with corn or sweet sorghum (SS) at different mixing ratios. The chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and protein degradation of alfalfa prepared with and without corn or SS at mixing ratios of 7:3, 1:1, and 3:7 on a fresh matter (FM) basis were studied. The alfalfa had the highest crude protein (CP) content and lactate buffering capacity (LBC), but lower water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content than corn and SS. After 60 days of ensiling, the corn and SS silages had good quality, with lower pH and ammonia-N content, and higher dry matter (DM) content than the alfalfa silages. In the alfalfa and corn mixture silages, the DM contents linearly increased with an increase in the proportion of corn, while the pH, non-protein N (NPN), ammonia-N, and peptide-N contents linearly decreased. In the alfalfa and SS mixture silages, the DM and NPN contents linearly increased with an increase in the proportion of SS, while the pH, lactic acid, and ammonia-N contents linearly decreased. This study suggests that alfalfa silage prepared with corn has more positive effect on fermentation quality and inhibiting protein degradation than addition of SS.

通过石蜡切片解剖学观察及高、低温贮藏试验,研究伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis Regel)的休眠习性.结果表明,伊犁郁金香于2014年6月30日进入花芽形态分化期,8月12日完成雌蕊分化,经历花芽分化始期、外轮花被片分化期、内轮花被片分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期共5个阶段,历时6周;夏季室温条件储藏6周以上,伊犁郁金香种球均能正常开花;随5 ℃低温处理时间的延长,伊犁郁金香的叶片和花葶长度增加,开花所需时间缩短.

为研究伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)种子的萌发特性,根据伊犁郁金香在自然环境中先经历夏季高温,再渡过严寒的冬季之后再萌发的特点,探讨夏季室温储藏、冬季低温贮藏的时间和二者的交互作用及赤霉素(GA3)对打破种子休眠的影响.结果表明:15/2℃是伊犁郁金香种子较为理想的萌发条件;新鲜伊犁郁金香种子在5℃条件下贮藏15d或在室温下储藏30d有助于打破种子休眠;800 mg/L的GA3对新鲜种子萌发率的影响较大.由此可见,低温是伊犁郁金香种子萌发的首要条件,种子的休眠类型为胚后熟引起的休眠,而种皮的机械阻碍作用也是引起其休眠的原因之一.

以籽粒苋和全株玉米为原料,按不同比例10∶0(T1)、7∶3(T2)、5∶5(T3)、3∶7(T4)、0∶10(T5)混合青贮,60 d后,检测青贮材料的发酵品质以及青贮前、后营养成分、微生物种类、数量变化,并分析乳酸菌多样性,以明确添加玉米对改善籽粒苋青贮发酵品质和微生物特性的作用,为籽粒苋青贮饲料的开发利用提供有效途径.结果表明,籽粒苋单独青贮品质不佳,通过添加玉米可显著降低青贮材料pH和氨态氮/总氮的值,提高干物质和总有机酸含量,当玉米添加比例超过50％时,青贮品质良好.在青贮发酵乳酸菌群演替过程中优势菌群的种类和数量决定青贮饲料的乳酸/乙酸,是影响发酵品质的主要因素之一.乳酸球菌中的肠球菌、乳球菌和类肠膜明串珠菌产酸能力强,是青贮发酵的启动菌株,乳杆菌则是青贮稳定期的主要菌群.

玻璃钢产品的力学性能具有很大的离散性,理论上很难准确预测.通过简易实验装置,对玻璃钢构件分别加载瞬时载荷和长期载荷,观察玻璃钢构件受瞬时载荷和长期载荷时变形、破坏的过程.实验中观察到明显的弹塑性材料特性,并发现疲劳损伤会显著降低玻璃钢材料的极限强度,对实际产品中玻璃钢的应用有一定指导意义.

The technology of processed Jujube dates with microwave-drying was studied.The influences of the differing disposal mode and the 4000W microwave radialization of date slurry were discussed.Test shows that Hami slurry dates dealed with differing mode shows dry effect when it dry.There,prick aperture on faade of slurry dates,surface temperature above 70℃,adopt dates heats up 190s under microwave,it's effect were best.It had a good fundament for producing jujube dates in industry.

The guide wind panel was designed to control the even non-uniform distribution of air flux in the desiccater.The working theory of the guiede wind panel was analysed and the mathematical model was worked out;the numerical calculating was done in order to imitate the distributing of hot-air in the desiccator which was influenced by the guide wind panel.What's more,the drying speed of grape was observed by the experiment of grape drying.The results showed that the air flux distributed evenly and drying speed of material was even when the guide wind panel was added.

In order to research effects of factors such as initial defects,materials to the limit load of pressure cylinder shell,this paper built models in ANSYS to simulate the pressure cylinder shell.The effects of initial defects to the limit load of pressure cylinder shell were discussed when the amplitudes of the defects vary in some extent.Moreover,the FEM results were compared with the theoretic results,and the effects of materials to the limit loads were discussed.The initial defects will not change the buckling mode of pressure cylinder shell,and they have small effects to the limit load of the structure.However,the improvement of materials has notable effects.

The paper studied the chlorophyll contents,photosynthesis and photo-response characteristics of two different types of L.hedysaroides such as yellow green type and dark green type.The results showed that the chlorophyll contents of two types had significant differences.The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Amax),dark respiration rate(Rd) and apparent quantum yield(AQY) of dark green type of L.hedysaroides were higher than the yellow green type,and the apparent light compensation point(LCP) and light saturation point(LSP) of dark green type were lower than that of the yellow green type.The light radiation net photosynthetic rate(Pn),interceller CO2 concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency(WUE) and leaf temperature of the two types showed different responses to the photosynthetic available radiation flux density(PPFD) to some extent.

According to a process specification,four flat-plate solar air collectors were made which were named typeⅠ(toughened glass-monolayer with colubrine channels),typeⅡ(toughened glass-doublelayer with colubrine channels),typeⅢ(multwall PC sheet-monolayer with colubrine channels),typeⅣ(multwall PC sheet-doublelayer with colubrine channels).The heat collector efficiency influenced by the transparent cover board material and heat exchange mode were studied in this paper.The conclusion was drawn that the best solar air collector is typeⅢ(multwall PC sheet-monolayer with colubrine channels),wich can output more heat and the heat collecting efficiency is 74.6%.The highest temperature which followed from the heat collector is 105.2 ℃.The cost is one third of Solar-powered water heater and can be used in the country.

This paper conducts an optimal design of pressure cylindrical shell with middle frames using the modified compound form method with interactive operation.The conception of margin is cited to analyze the constrained functions while getting the minimal results.Numerical results show that in the preconditions of existing analytical formulae and the minimal weight of the structure, the constrained function which ensures the stabilities of the stiffeners is the primary factor that restricts the dimensions of the structure and the structural parameters of ring stiffener and/or middle frame have important effects on the stability of pressure shell while the changing of shell thickness and stiffener spacing can only increase the stability of pressure structure in some extent.

鹿结核病在国内外的梅花鹿、马鹿及驯鹿等鹿群中广泛流行.本病是危害鹿群较为严重的传染病,不仅阻碍养鹿事业的发展,而且也威胁着人和其他动物的健康.

近年来我市养牛业发展很快,成为农民增收的重要产业,在我市形成了小户饲养基础母牛,繁育出售架子牛供大户集中育肥,批量向屠宰厂销售的格局,形成了公司带大户,大户连农户的产销模式.

Using Heinong 41 and Xinzao-1 as experimental material,the effect of Maiyefeng chemical control on plant type,dry matter accumulation and yield was studied under yield conditions at initial flower stage of soybeen.The results showed that when Heinong 41 was treated with chemical control one time,length of internodes and leaf-stalk was shortened,plant height was reduced,peak value of leaf area was decreased,green leaf senescence was delayed in late,dry matter accumulation was increased.When chemical control was used twice,yield 16% was decreased, Xinzao-1 effect of Mai Yefeng was less sensitive than Heinong 41 on plant type,yield was little decreased.

Removal of protein from fermentation is of importance in the production of L-lactic acid.The effect of UEOS503 and UPIS503 membrane on attenuation coefficient of membrane flux and rate of removing protein were investigated,the influence of parameters such as the pressure difference,temperature,pH value and concentration on rate of removing protein,loss rate of calcium lactate and membrane flux was studied.The results showed that UEOS503 membrane was more suitable to remove protein,28.79% decrease of membrane on attenuation coefficient of membrane flux and 46.66% increase of rate of removing protein;The better technology conditions were:△p=0.12 MPa,45 ℃,pH=4,C=40 g/L,were achieved by UEOS503 membrane,rate of removing protein 92.85%,loss rate of calcium lactate 3.14%?