The objective of this study was to investigate the leaching of a non-sulfide copper ore by a new bioleaching process, the Ferredox process. In the Ferredox process, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans reduces ferric ions and oxidizes sulfur at low pH under anaerobic conditions. In this study, a bacterial culture (mainly A. ferrooxidans) was initially grown aerobically. Bacterial dissolution of iron sludge under anaerobic conditions versus sulfuric acid was compared. An iron slurry sample from the West Rand Ditch near Hoyerswerda, Germany and from the Golestan Mine in Iran was investigated. Two shake flasks each containing an iron slurry and non-sulfidic Fe/Cu ore were used. One shake flask each was subjected to an anaerobic process by A. ferrooxidans, while the other sample was leached with dilute sulfuric acid. In the chemical leaching, the amount of dissolved copper was 2.5 %, only slightly higher than in the bioleaching. In a subsequent anaerobic column leaching with A. ferrooxidans, 35 % of the contained copper was mobilized from 1366 g ore.

This chapter highlights the huge and manifold possibilities of reactions which result from the interactions between microorganisms and the geosphere and which are used for mining, mineral processing, and metal recycling. Besides the introduction (Sect. 1) the contribution is divided into five different sections describing the mobilization (Sect. 2) and immobilization (Sect. 3) of valuable substances, the processes of biosorption and bioaccumulation (Sect. 4), as well as transformation of metals into metal organic compounds (Sect. 5). A special topic (Sect. 6) addresses the application of CO2 as an important component for the formation of energy-rich compounds and chemicals. Each section starts with an overview of the relevant reactions and an explanation of the reaction condition. Afterward information about applications and different technological processes as well as sustainability aspects are provided. Graphical Abstract.

In the Lusatian lignite mining area huge amounts of iron and sulphate enter the receiving water bodies caused by groundwater rerise a er closure of many opencast lignite mines in the 1990th. Water treatment actions mainly for iron removal prepared and accomplished by the mining rehabilitation company LMBV and ochre sedimentation in still unprotected water bodies result in huge iron sludge accumulations, which have to be removed/ disposed. is paper presents a novel approach on signi cantly decreasing the iron sludge amount through utilization. It involves mechanical and thermal dewatering/drying and subsequent production of auxiliary water treatment chemicals. e produced chemicals had comparable treatment properties as commercial products. e proposed utilization will lead to a signi cant decrease of the ecological and economical foot print.

Ashes from lignite combustion for power generation contain strategic metals, metalloids and rare earth elements (REE) and may thus be a potential source of industrially demanded metals. The presented project focused on the assessment and utilization of this potential raw material. Lignite ash assessment showed that the largest ash amounts for a potential utilization in Germany are available in the Lusatia region and that these ashes have a high value potential. A stabilized ash taken from the landscape building “Spreyer Höhe”, Lusatia, served as the main sample. For enrichment, separation and mobilization of valuable substances from the lignite ashes mechanical and thermal pre-treatment methods as well as chemical and biological leaching approaches were applied. Mechanical ash pre-treatment provided enriched fractions by different methods but still suffered from low yields of enriched fractions. Thermal ash processing showed multiple significant phase changes compared to original ash. Digestion with sc-CO2 and chemical leaching using HClaq of untreated and thermally treated ash provided high extraction for the metals Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, with the highest values achieved for thermally treated ash. Alternatively, bioleaching was applied using acidophilic Fe/S-metabolizing microorganisms (MO) as well as heterotrophic MO. The results indicated likewise high and partly specific metal mobilizations, e.g. for the elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, V, Zn, Zr and for some REE. A potential utilization was investigated for the original stabilized ash (not treated otherwise) as well as for ash fractions and leaching residues. Two potential utilization routes were identified i) partial substitution of the original resource by original stabilized ash or ash fractions in the production of Al-Fe-solutions applicable for water treatment and ii) usage of original stabilized ash or residues from ash leaching as (reactive) supplement in cement, concrete and mortar production.

Ashes from lignite combustion for power generation contain strategic metals, metalloids and rare earth elements and may thus be a potential source of industrially demanded metals. The presented project focuses on the assessment and exploitation of this potential raw material. Lignite ash assessment showed that largest ash amounts for potential exploitation are available in the Lusatia district, Saxony. Mechanical ash pre-treatment in principle provided enriched fractions by different methods but still suffered from low yields of enriched fractions. Thermal ash processing showed multiple significant phase changes compared to original ash. Subsequent chemical leaching using HClaq resulted in high metal extraction. Alternatively, bioleaching was applied using acidophilic Fe (II) and S-oxidizing or Fe (III)-reducing microorganisms (MO) as well as heterotrophic MO. The results indicated likewise high and partly specific metal mobilizations. Industrial ash exploitation was accomplished by direct reaction with acids resulting in Al-Fe-solutions which potentially can be applied in water treatment.

Ashes from lignite combustion for power generation contain considerable amounts of strategic metals, metalloids and rare earth elements. Within the presented project bioleaching with different types of microorganisms was investigated to recover valuable metals from lignite ashes. An increased mobilization of several metals ions was observed with the gluconic acid-producing bacteriumAcetobacter methanolicusand the silicate-solubilizing bacteriumBacillus circulans. Most promising results were achieved with sulfuric acid-producing microorganisms and bioleaching could even be increased at higher temperatures or by reductive bioleaching using acidophilic, iron-reducing bacteria.

This chapter explains the manifold geobiotechnological possibilities to separate industrial valuable metals from various industrial residues and stored waste products of the past. In addition to an overview of the different microbially catalyzed chemical reactions applicable for a separation of metals and details of published studies, results of many individual investigations from various research projects are described. These concern the separation of rare earth elements from phosphorous production slags, the attempts of tin leaching from mining flotation residues, the separation of metals from spent catalysts, or the treatment of ashes as valuable metal-containing material. The residues of environmental technologies are integrated into this overview as well. The description of the different known microbial processes offers starting points for suitable and new technologies. In addition to the application of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms the use of heterotrophic microorganisms is explained.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 86, Issue 9 p. 1483-1483 PosterFree Access Chemisch-biotechnische Gewinnung von Wertstoffen aus Braunkohlenkraftwerksaschen Dr. E. Janneck, Corresponding Author Dr. E. Janneck e.janneck@geosfreiberg.de G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanyG.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorDr. R. Kermer, Dr. R. Kermer G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. S. Reichel, Dr. S. Reichel G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. habil. F. Glombitza, Dr. habil. F. Glombitza G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Dr. E. Janneck, Corresponding Author Dr. E. Janneck e.janneck@geosfreiberg.de G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanyG.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorDr. R. Kermer, Dr. R. Kermer G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. S. Reichel, Dr. S. Reichel G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. habil. F. Glombitza, Dr. habil. F. Glombitza G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 August 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201450399AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume86, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2014 und 31. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenSeptember, 2014Pages 1483-1483 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 86, Issue 9 p. 1482-1482 VortragFree Access Biotechnologische Gewinnung von Metallen und wertvollen Ressourcen aus Braunkohleasche S. Bellenberg, Corresponding Author S. Bellenberg soeren.bellenberg@uni-due.de Universität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, GermanyUniversität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorS. Hedrich, S. Hedrich Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Kermer, R. Kermer G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorT. Gehrke, T. Gehrke Universität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorA. Schippers, A. Schippers Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorE. Janneck, E. Janneck G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. F. Glombitza, Dr. F. Glombitza G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. W. Sand, Prof. Dr. W. Sand Universität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author S. Bellenberg, Corresponding Author S. Bellenberg soeren.bellenberg@uni-due.de Universität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, GermanyUniversität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorS. Hedrich, S. Hedrich Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Kermer, R. Kermer G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorT. Gehrke, T. Gehrke Universität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorA. Schippers, A. Schippers Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorE. Janneck, E. Janneck G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. F. Glombitza, Dr. F. Glombitza G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, D-09633 Halsbrücke, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. W. Sand, Prof. Dr. W. Sand Universität Duisburg-Essen, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 August 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201450149AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume86, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2014 und 31. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenSeptember, 2014Pages 1482-1482 RelatedInformation

Treatment of acidic Fe (II)- and sulfate-rich mine waters represents a major problem in many areas of the world. Therefore, a process was developed which utilises naturally occurring sulfate-reducing microorganisms for the elimination of sulfate and of part of the acidity from the acidic mine water. In order to improve the performance of this biological sulfate reduction process an in-depth analysis of the microbial diversity and activity in dependence of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and other process parameters used to run the bioreactors was undertaken. This comparison demonstrated a positive correlation between shorter HRT and increasing sulfate reduction rates. The improvement in performance with decreasing HRT was paralleled by an increase of the total enzymatic activity (measured as hydrolase activity) of the microbial community and of the biomass (measured as protein concentration) in the bioreactors. A partial taxonomic identification of the microbial community in the bioreactors was achieved via nucleotide sequence analysis of a clone library of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments prepared from a sample of the microbial biofilm in the bioreactor. Additionally, the genetic fingerprint technique T-RFLP was used to assess temporal changes of the microbial community in the biofilm within the reactor.

ABSTRACT We investigated the microbial community in a pilot plant for treatment of acid mine water by biological ferrous iron oxidation using clone library analysis and calculated statistical parameters for further characterization. The microbial community in the plant was conspicuously dominated by a group of Betaproteobacteria affiliated with “ Ferribacter polymyxa ”.

The iron-oxidizing microbial community in two pilot plants for the treatment of acid mine water was monitored to investigate the influence of different process parameters such as pH, iron concentration, and retention time on the stability of the system to evaluate the applicability of this treatment technology on an industrial scale. The dynamics of the microbial populations were followed using T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) over a period of several months. For a more precise quantification, two TaqMan assays specific for the two prominent groups were developed and the relative abundance of these taxa in the iron-oxidizing Community was verified by real-time PCR. The investigations revealed that the iron-oxidizing community was clearly dominated by two groups of Betaproteobacteria affiliated with the poorly known and not yet recognized species "Ferrovum myxofaciens" and with strains related to Gallionella ferruginea, respectively. These taxa dominated the microbial community during the whole investigation period and accelerated the oxidation of ferrous iron despite the changing characteristics of mine waters flowing into the plants. Thus, it is assumed that the treatment technology can also be applied to other mine sites and that these organisms play a crucial role in such treatment systems.

Amine-epoxy polymer systems are widely used, for example as matrix materials for structural composites employed in aerospace industry and in industrial coatings on metal substrates for corrosion protection. This work focuses on the investigation of different epoxy-amine coatings on the adhesion performance on aluminum AA-2024 substrates. Two different epoxies (Epikote 828 (aromatic) and Eponex 1510 (aliphatic)) and four different amines (1,8-diaminooctane, Dytek A, Jeffamine EDR148 and Jeffamine D230) as curing agent were used in different stoichiometric ratios. These different epoxy-amine coatings were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile tests (pull-off) and water-uptake measurements. Pull-off tests in dry conditions showed comparable adhesion of the coatings. Surprisingly, pull-off results showed after water soaking a higher wet adhesion of the coatings prepared with Eponex 1510 as compared to coatings prepared with Epikote 828. Moreover, the combination of Eponex 1510-Jeffamine EDR148 coatings resulted in high adhesion values (∼7 MPa) with pull-off tests and these values did not change after immersion for two weeks in water. This combination shows extreme good wet adhesion performance as compared to any other epoxy-amine coating. Complete recovery was demonstrated of the adhesion of Eponex 1510-Jeffamine D230 coating after being immersed for two weeks in water and dried for two weeks. Furthermore, in contrast with Epikote 828 water uptake measurements showed almost nil water uptake for all coatings prepared with Eponex 1510. Optical microscopy investigations on the residues of the coatings after pull-off tests revealed adhesive failure in wet condition for Epikote 828, while coatings prepared with Eponex 1510 showed cohesive failure.

Piles and dumps in mining sites of lignite and ore mines very often generate drainage water with a low pH value. Furthermore they are contaminated with heavy metals or radionuclides. A comprehensive sustainable remediation and / or a water treatment process requires an assessment of the water quality and the determination of the future development thereof. This, in turn, requires prediction of the microbial processes which are responsible for the release of heavy metals and radionuclides. The paper deals with the demonstration of a suitable method for the prediction of these reactions and water quality.