BACKGROUND:Intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy (IoCRRT) represents a viable approach for managing the hemodynamic and metabolic challenges encountered during liver transplantation (LT), particularly in high-acuity patients. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of IoCRRT in comparison with conservative treatment on liver graft function during the immediate post-transplant period. METHODS:This retrospective, bicentric cohort study included patients who underwent LT between January 2014 and December 2019. Propensity score matching was conducted to mitigate disparities between the IoCRRT and control groups. Comparative analysis of post-transplant outcomes encompassed early allograft dysfunction (EAD), as defined by Olthoff, along with quantitative evaluation using the Model for Early Allograft Function (MEAF) scoring. RESULTS:The analysis included 73 patients in both groups, demonstrating comparability, with a mean MELD score of 31.5 ± 9.4 in the IoCRRT group compared to 30.6 ± 9.6 (SMD, Standardized mean difference = 0.088) in the control group. The overall frequency of EAD was 32.9% in the IoCRRT group and 43.8% in the control group (P = .243), with quantitative assessment using the MEAF score yielding 6.81 versus 6.89 (P = .843), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the length of stay in the intensive care unit or 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of IoCRRT during LT did not correlate with a reduction in the occurrence or severity of early allograft dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE:The French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SFAR), the French Society for the Study of the Liver (AFEF), and the Association for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation (ACHBPT) jointly developed guidelines for the perioperative management of liver resection surgery. DESIGN:A multidisciplinary panel of French experts from the SFAR, the AFEF, and the ACHBPT was convened. All potential conflicts of interest were officially declared before initiation of the recommendation development process, which was conducted independently of any industry funding. The authors used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology to assess the quality of evidence in the literature. METHODS:Three areas were defined: (1) preoperative assessment; (2) optimization of intraoperative management; and (3) optimization of postoperative management. For each domain, the objective of the recommendations was to address a series of questions formulated by experts according to the PICO model ("Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome"). Based on these questions, an extensive bibliographic search covering the period from 2004 to 2024 was conducted using predefined keywords in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. Data quality was analysed using the GRADE method. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE method and subsequently submitted to all experts for voting using the GRADE grid method. RESULTS:The experts' synthesis and application of the GRADE methodology resulted in 40 recommendations addressing 14 questions. After two rounds of voting and several revisions, strong agreement was achieved for all 40 recommendations. Among these recommendations, 7 were supported by a high level of evidence (GRADE 1), 23 by a low level of evidence (GRADE 2), and 10 corresponded to expert opinions (EO). Finally, no recommendation could be formulated for four questions. (ABS). CONCLUSION:Strong expert agreement was achieved regarding recommendations aimed at optimizing perioperative management in patients undergoing liver resection.

Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) contributes to poor outcomes after liver transplantation (LT), but pre-transplant immune predictors remain insufficiently defined. We investigated whether pre-transplant whole blood transcriptomic profiling was associated with post-LT outcomes in this exploratory ancillary study of the prospective EDMONHG cohort. Transcriptomic analysis of 26 immune-related genes was performed on 97 LT recipients. PCA and volcano plots identified candidate biomarkers; associations with outcomes were assessed using ROC analyses and Kaplan-Meier estimates with cohort medians as thresholds. PC1 (43.5% of variance) decreased progressively from cACLD to ALF (p < 0.001) and was lower in post-LT infected patients (p = 0.044). Within the first month, 34 patients (35%) developed infections; 7 (7.2%) died within 1 year. Three genes met predefined exploratory criteria (q < 0.10, AUC > 0.65) for infections: GNLY and IL7R were downregulated and IL10 upregulated. Low GNLY or high IL10 expression was associated with reduced 30-day infection-free survival (p = 0.019 and p = 0.013). CIITA, IL10, CD177 and S100A9 showed associations with one-year survival, though results should be treated as exploratory given the limited number of events. Pre-transplant transcriptomics captures CAID severity and identifies candidate gene signatures associated with post-LT outcomes. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant validation in larger multicenter cohorts.

Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening invasive fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. Data on its presentation, management, and prognosis in the intensive care unit setting remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate 90-day mortality and to explore clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and immunological factors associated with outcome in critically ill patients with mucormycosis. This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients diagnosed with mucormycosis and admitted to the ICUs of the Hospices Civils de Lyon between January 2014 and July 2023. Patients were identified through mycological records and hospital discharge codes. Univariable analysis and multivariable Cox model were performed to identify factors associated with 90-day mortality. Among 43 patients included, hematological malignancy and trauma were the most common underlying conditions (26

La croissance de la part de la population âgée dans la population des pays développés (plus 50 % des plus de 65 ans entre 2015 et 2030 en Amérique du Nord, 28 % de la population en France en 2024 à plus de 60 ans), entraîne une prise en charge plus fréquente de patients âgés en périopératoire. Cette mise au point a pour but d’aborder les spécificités de la prise en charge de ces patients.

Citrate accumulation (CA) is a feared complication in critically ill patients undergoing regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients presenting CA within a large cohort of unselected critically ill patients receiving RCA-CRRT depending on the time of occurrence of CA after CRRT initiation. This retrospective, multicenter observational study performed in nine intensive care units (ICU) in Lyon, France, included patients treated with RCA-CRRT between January 2020 and January 2022. CA was defined by a total to ionized calcium ratio (tCa/iCa) ≥ 2.3 associated with hypocalcemia and metabolic acidosis. Among 2080 patients, 76 (3.7

Little is known about postdischarge healthcare resource use (HCU) among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective was to identify distinct profiles of patients based on postdischarge cares. This was a retrospective cohort study using the French National Health System claims database. We followed up all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between 2020/02/01 and 2020/06/30 for 6 months; the discharge date was the index date. We excluded patients who died during the index stay or within 30 days after discharge. We described patients’ HCU over 5 months from day 31 after the index date to the end of follow-up, i.e., the post-COVID-19 period. We described the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and 44 selected types of HCU, including medical and emergency room visits, medications, medical and biological tests, oxygen therapy, rehabilitation, rehospitalization, nurse visits, and sick leave. We performed Ward’s ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis to identify groups of patients with similar post-COVID-19 HCU and described HCU and clinical characteristics by cluster. The study population included 68,822 patients (median age: 64.8 years, 47

BACKGROUND:Infections are a leading cause of early mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Prior to transplantation, cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction significantly increases the risk of infection. This study investigated the potential of immune monitoring, with a focus on monocytic HLA-DR (mHLA-DR) expression, as a predictor of post-LT complications. METHODS:We conducted a prospective study on 130 patients awaiting LT at Lyon University Hospital to assess mHLA-DR expression, lymphocyte subsets, and T-cell function before and after LT. Multivariate analysis and K-means longitudinal clustering were performed to explore the relationships between immune trajectories and clinical outcomes. RESULTS:Among the 99 patients who underwent LT, 35.4% experienced infections early post-LT. No difference in outcome was found regarding lymphocyte count or function. Delayed mHLA-DR recovery (Day 7 < 11,000 AB/C) and pre-LT MELD scores > 30 emerged as independent infection risk factors, with ORs of 12.1 [4.4-38.2], p < 0.0001 and 4.9 [1.4-18.4], p = 0.01, respectively. Patients with delayed mHLA-DR restoration also had reduced one-year survival (77.8% versus 98.3%, p = 0.003). K-means clustering revealed three distinct mHLA-DR recovery profiles, with the slowest recovery group showing the poorest outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings highlight mHLA-DR as an early predictor of post-LT infections. Monitoring post-LT immune function through mHLA-DR expression could guide individualized management strategies to improve outcomes. Trial registration The study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT03995537, date: June 20, 2019.

The aging population is rapidly increasing in developed countries (more 50% of the 65 years and older in North America, 28% of the French population in 2024 is older than 60 years), leading to more frequent perioperative management of older patients. This review aims to address the specific aspects of managing such patients.

BACKGROUND:Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of neuraxial anaesthesia in obstetrics. Although epidural blood patch (EBP) remains the most effective treatment, less invasive alternatives are being explored. We assessed the efficacy and safety of tetracosactide, a synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone analogue, for treating established PDPH in postpartum patients. METHODS:A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in two tertiary care maternal hospitals. Postpartum patients with PDPH after neuraxial anaesthesia were randomised to receive either tetracosactide 1 mg i.v. or placebo. The primary outcome was the rate of EBP within the 15-day follow-up. Secondary outcomes included headache duration and intensity, activity limitation, length of hospital stay, and the number of EBPs performed per patient. Interim analysis to determine futility and trial termination was planned at 50% enrolment. RESULTS:At interim analysis with 44 patients enrolled (23 in the treatment group and 21 in the placebo group) no significant difference was found for the primary outcome: 21 (91%) patients in the treatment group and 18 (86%) patients in the placebo group received EBP (P=0.6575). Secondary outcomes were comparable between groups, except for a 1-day longer hospital stay in the treatment group (P=0.0486). The study was terminated because of futility. No side-effects of tetracosactide administration were observed. CONCLUSIONS:A single dose of tetracosactide did not demonstrate efficacy in preventing EBP needs in postpartum PDPH, and there was no effect on the intensity, duration of headaches, and physical activity limitations. Given these findings, adrenocorticotropic hormone analogues should not be considered for this indication. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:European Union Clinical Trials Register (2015-003357-17); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02813655); French Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé (160214A-31).

La médecine péri-opératoire est un domaine médical d’apparition récente qui intègre dans un même champ d’application l’état général du patient, le stress chirurgical et le risque anesthésique. Elle concerne des éléments de prise en charge en préopératoire, peropératoire, postopératoire y compris le retour à domicile. C’est un enjeu majeur de réduction de la morbidité et de la mortalité à 30j. L’anesthésiste-réanimateur en collaboration avec les chirurgiens, et d’autres spécialités médicales comme la gériatrie, la médecine générale… doit assurer la coordination des soins médicaux péri-opératoire.

Perioperative medicine is a recently emerging medical field that integrates the patient's general condition, surgical stress, and anesthetic risk into a single field of application. It covers preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care, including return home. It is a major challenge in reducing morbidity and 30-day mortality. The anesthesiologist-intensivist, in collaboration with surgeons and other medical specialties such as geriatrics and general medicine, must ensure the coordination of perioperative medical care.

Background: Cholestasis commonly occurs after orthotopic liver transplantation. It can be extrahepatic because of mechanical obstruction or intrahepatic because of various causes. During cholestasis episodes, blood concentrations of tacrolimus (TAC) metabolites may increase, potentially affecting TAC concentrations measured by immunoassays. This study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the analytical performance of 2 TAC immunoassays, a quantitative microsphere system (QMS) immunoassay, and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as a reference method in liver transplant recipients. Methods: This single-center study included 265 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. In total, 942 blood samples were collected. TAC trough concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS and 2 immunoassays in parallel. The plasma concentrations of conjugated bilirubin were measured in all samples. The results were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots and Passing–Bablok regressions. Results: The Bland–Altman plot analysis showed that the TAC QMS immunoassay has a significant bias (+37%) compared with LC-MS/MS, and this bias was higher in patients with cholestasis with hyperbilirubinemia (≤+70% in patients with conjugated bilirubin >150 µmol/L). In comparison, the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay showed acceptable analytical performance in patients with hyperbilirubinemia (bias <10%). Conclusions: In agreement with previous findings, the TAC QMS immunoassay showed a positive bias compared with LC-MS/MS. This bias is remarkably high in patients with cholestasis and hyperbilirubinemia, suggesting the cross-reactivity of TAC metabolites with the monoclonal antibody used in the QMS immunoassay.

This retrospective study aimed to compare the mortality and burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV group), SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group), non-H1N1 (Seasonal influenza group) and H1N1 influenza (H1N1 group) in adult patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with respiratory failure. A total of 807 patients were included. Mortality was compared between the four following groups: RSV, COVID-19, seasonal influenza, and H1N1 groups. Patients in the RSV group had significantly more comorbidities than the other patients. At admission, patients in the COVID-19 group were significantly less severe than the others according to the simplified acute physiology score-2 (SAPS-II) and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Using competing risk regression, COVID-19 (sHR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.10; 2.36) and H1N1 (sHR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.20; 2.93) were associated with a statistically significant higher mortality while seasonal influenza was not (sHR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.65; 1.31), when compared to RSV. Despite occurring in more severe patients, RSV and seasonal influenza group appear to be associated with a more favorable outcome than COVID-19 and H1N1 groups.

Objectives: Chronic pain is a common symptom in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS), affecting 11-60% of patients, but the link between COVID-19 and chronic pain remains unclear. This study assesses healthcare resource utilization (HRU) for pain management among French COVID-19 survivors, using the National French Claims Database (SNDS). We analyzed medical consultations, rehabilitation services, diagnostic procedures, and medication dispensing to identify PACS-related pain patterns and their impact on the healthcare system. Methods: The cohort included 68,822 patients hospitalized during the first COVID-19 wave (March-June 2020), with 13,939 ICU survivors. HRU was assessed for six months pre- and post-hospitalization in four areas: (1) medical consultations and rehabilitation; (2) pain-related medication dispensing; (3) neuropathic diagnostic procedures; (4) hospital admissions for chronic pain. A post-pre ratio (PP-Ratio) compared post-COVID to pre-COVID HRU. Results: Significant changes in HRU were observed, particularly for ICU survivors. Neurology consultations (PP-Ratio 1.41) and outpatient physical therapy (PP-Ratio 1.69) increased. Dispensing of strong opioids, antiepileptics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics rose, while NSAID use decreased. Hospitalizations for chronic pain also increased (PP-Ratio 1.52). Similar trends were seen among ICU survivors, with notable increases in opioid and antiepileptic use. No distinct PACS-related pain patterns emerged. Conclusions: Non-specific increases in HRU for pain management were found following COVID-19 hospitalization, likely due to disease severity and ICU care rather than PACS-related chronic pain. Further research is needed to explore long-term pain outcomes in this population.

Abstract Background The efficacy and safety of cefiderocol in ICU patients with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (Nf-GNB) are not as well-established. Consequently, we conducted a cohort study to compare Cefiderocol with the Best Available Therapy (BAT) in ICU patients. Methods We included adult patients from 9 different ICUs, including a burn ICU unit, from 2019 to 2023 treated with Cefiderocol for DTR Nf-GNB isolated from the blood or lungs. We matched each patient at a 1:2 ratio based on the same DTR Nf-GBN isolated pathogen, and when possible, within the same type of ICU (burn unit or not). The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical cure at 15 days, with secondary endpoints including clinical cure at 30 days, relapse, and in-ICU mortality. For each outcome, adjusted odds ratios were estimated using bidirectional stepwise regression in a final model, which included 13 preselected confounders. Results We included 27 patients with cefiderocol, matched with 54 patients receiving the BAT. Four patients were not exactly matched on the type of ICU unit. Characteristics were comparable between groups, mostly male with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of 3 [1–5], and 28% had immunosuppression. Cefiderocol patients were most likely to have higher number of antibiotic lines. The main DTR Nf-GNB identified was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (81.5%), followed by Acinetobater baumanii (14.8%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.7%). Pneumonia was the identified infection in 21 (78.8%) patients in the Cefiderocol group and in 51 (94.4%) patients in the BAT group (p = 0.054). Clinical cure at 15 and 30-day and the in-ICU mortality was comparable between groups, however relapse was higher in the cefiderocol group (8-29.6% vs. 4-7.4%;aOR 10.06[1.96;51.53]) Conclusion Cefiderocol did not show an improvement in clinical cure or mortality rates compared to BAT in the treatment of DTR Nf-GNB, but it was associated with a higher relapse rate.

Purpose The present study aimed at assessing the prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (main objective), anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome (BOS) and their associated factors in intensive care unit (ICU) staff workers in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods An international cross-sectional multicenter ICU-based online survey was carried out among the ICU staff workers in 20 ICUs across 3 continents. ICUs staff workers (both caregivers and non-caregivers) were invited to complete PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires for assessing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and the different components of BOS, respectively. A personal questionnaire was used to isolate independent associated factors with these disorders. Results PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires were completed by 585, 570, and 539 responders, respectively (525 completed all questionnaires). PTSD was diagnosed in 98/585 responders (16.8%). Changing familial environment, being a non-caregiver staff worker, having not being involved in a COVID-19 patient admission, having not been provided with COVID-19-related information were associated with PTSD. Anxiety was reported in 130/570 responders (22.8%). Working in a public hospital, being a woman, being financially impacted, being a non-clinical healthcare staff member, having no theoretical or practical training on individual preventive measures, and fear of managing COVID-19 patients were associated with anxiety. Depression was reported in 50/570 responders (8.8%). Comorbidity at risk of severe COVID-19, working in a public hospital, looking after a child, being a non-caregiver staff member, having no information, and a request for moving from the unit were associated with depression. Having received no information and no adequate training for COVID-19 patient management were associated with all 3 dimensions of BOS. Conclusion The present study confirmed that ICU staff workers, whether they treated COVID-19 patients or not, have a substantial prevalence of psychological disorders.