Purpose: Metoptic canal (MC) is located between the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal. Warwick's foramen (WF) is viewed on the inner side of the orbit together with the foramen rotundum and superior orbital fissure. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence and incidence of MC and WF and to examine their morphometric characteristics in a sample of Turkish skulls from West Anatolia. Materials and Methods: A total of 153 dried human skulls and 11 dried skull bases from a West Anatolian Turkish population collected at the Anatomy Department of Dokuz Eylul University were examined. The presence and incidence of the MC and of WF were determined. The distance between reference points and the structures examined within the orbit was measured using a caliper. Student's t-test was used for comparisons between the right- and left-sided measurements. SPSS 22.0 software pack was used for statistical analysis. Results: MC was detected in 10 of the 153 dry human skulls: 4 (2.6%) on the right side, 5 (3.2%) on the left side, and 1 (0.06%) bilaterally. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left side measurements (P > 0.05). WF was observed in 2 (18.2%) of the 11 dry skulls, and both were on the left. Conclusion: The relationships between MC, WF, and other anatomical structures may be of clinical importance in surgical operations involving the orbit.

Background: In this study involving young adult elite athletes and healthy sedentary individuals, volumetric analyses were performed on basal ganglia (BG) involved in the coordination of motor movements. Aims and Objectives: In a group of athletes with high coordination speed, potential relationship between BG volumes and audiovisual reaction time of acquired-trained hand movements was explored by examining whether these individuals had significant differences in terms of BG volumes. Materials and Methods: Nineteen elite athletes aged between 19 and 25 years (9 male and 10 female) and 20 sedentary subjects (10 male, 10 female) were included. Gender, age, height, weight, and body-mass index (BMI) were recorded. In each group, audiovisual reaction time and stereological basal ganglia volumes were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: Elite athletes react more rapidly to auditory stimuli than visual stimuli. As compared to sedentary individuals, elite athletes exhibited significantly shorter visual reaction time and only numerically shorter (statistically insignificant) visual reaction time. Left BG volume was higher in both groups, compared to right side). Conclusion: Our data may contribute to the construction of a database of normal BG morphology and provide useful information for clinicians and athletes.

This study conducted volumetric analyses on the lentiform nuclei, specifically the putamen and globus pallidus, in healthy individuals. The analyses considered age, gender, and body mass index. The measurements were performed separately for each hemisphere. This study aimed to examine potential differences in regular exercising men and women based on age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) through volumetric analysis of lentiform nuclei. A total of 16 individuals (7 female and 9 male) who exercise regularly were randomly selected for this study. The cross-sections were assessed to determine the volumes of the left and right lentiform nuclei in relation to age, gender, and body mass index for each participant. Statistical analysis was performed using the semi-automatic tracking method in MRI. Both genders showed higher left lentiform nuclei volume and putamen volume, while the right globus pallidus volume was also higher. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The volume of the lentiform nuclei was found to be greater in women compared to men, although this difference was not statistically significant. A significant positive correlation was observed between the volume of the right globus pallidus and age in men. A positive correlation was observed between right putamen volume, left lentiform nuclei volume, and left putamen volume with body mass index in all subjects. However, this correlation was not statistically significant. The data may contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database that includes typical lentiform nuclei and potential asymmetrical alterations in brain morphology. Furthermore, it has the potential to offer valuable insights to clinicians and anatomists.

Objective : We aimed to determine anatomic features of the temporal branch (TB) of the facial nerve and its relation to various anatomic landmarks on the face in order to prevent damage in the surgical approach after head trauma or in planned neurosurgical interventions.Methods : Nine male cadavers preserved with formalin, were bilaterally dissected under a microscope at the laboratory of anatomy department of the university. The anatomical features of the branch and branching pattern of facial nerve and its relationships with adjacent neurovascular structures were evaluated using descriptive statistical data.Results : The mean distance at the lateral canthus level between the far most anterior branch and far most posterior branch of the TB (APD) was 14.93 mm. The mean distance to the tragus of the entrance point of the TB to the orbicularis oculi muscle (ETT) was 74.72 mm. The mean distance between the origin point of the TB to the tragus (TT) was 24.50 mm. The angle between the far most anterior branch and far most posterior branch at the level of the lateral canthus (APA) was minimum 15°, maximum 40° and the mean value of APA was 24.61°. The number of branches originating from the TB (NB) were one to three branches which lay under the zygomatic arch and two to five branches upper the zygomatic arch, respectively. The number of anastomosis between the TB and zygomatic branch (AN) varies between 1 and 4; AN was found to be less intense in 10 sides and very intense in eight sides.Conclusion : The APA and APD value is mentioned for the first time in this study and nerve angle is considered to be as important as temporal branching in directing facial neurosurgical operations. We found that the unsafety zone may be exist for a 40 degree and 1.5 cm long area at the lateral canthus level, especially on the zygomatic arc where branching pattern is greater and 2.5 cm in front of the tragus. The data is significant for neurosurgeons to reach exactly this area without causing postoperative complications such as facial paralysis.

Introduction:Pterygoalar bar (PTAB) is a bony bridge formed by the incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygoalar ligament extending between the lateral pterygoid lamina (LPL) and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Complete ossification of the pterygoalar ligament results in the formation of the so-called "pterygoalar foramen" (PTAF) or Hyrtl's foramen. On the other hand, pterygospinous bar (PTSB) is another bony bridge resulting from incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament, which extends from the pterygospinous process of the LPL to the sphenoidal spine. Complete ossification of this ligament forms the pterygospinous foramen (PTSF) or the Civinini's foramen. This study was undertaken to examine detailed anatomy and incidence of PTAB, PTSB, and the corresponding foramina, as well as to establish their relationship with foramen ovale (FO). Materials and Methods:A total of 152 dry adult human skulls (304 sides) obtained from the collection of the Anatomy Department of Dokuz Eyl & uuml;l University were examined in terms of the presence/absence of PTAB/PTSB, their incidence and side, degree of ossification (complete/incomplete), and their relationship with FO. The distance between the spinous processes was measured in cases with incomplete ossification of PTAB/PTSB, whereas a digital caliper with 0.01 mm sensitivity (Mitutoyo, Japan) was used to measure horizontal and vertical diameters of the foramina in cases with complete ossification (i.e., when PTAF and PTSF were present). SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis with Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results:Of the 152 skulls, 11 (7.23%) harbored PTAF and 2 harbored PTSF (1.3%). An incomplete PTAB or incomplete PTSB was present in 110/304 (33.4%) and 21/304 (6.9%) of the sides examined, respectively. PTAB was located medial, lateral, inferior, inferolateral, and inferomedial to FO in 15 (4.93), 29 (9.53%), 77 (25.32%), 28 (9.21%), and 3 (0.98%) of the sides. The distance between PTAB and FO was 7.43 +/- 2.58 mm on the right and 7.51 +/- 2.50 mm on the left. The distance between two PTABs was 10.43 +/- 3.65 mm on the right and 10.29 +/- 3.30 mm on the left. The vertical diameter of PTAF was 3.80 +/- 2.08 mm, and the horizontal diameter was 4.96 +/- 2.24. In the presence of a foramen, the mean thickness of PTAB was 2.27 +/- 0.74 mm, the mean width was 3.45 +/- 3.40 mm, and the mean length was 6.54 +/- 3.64 mm. No significant differences were identified between right- and left-sided measurements (P > 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion:Close adjacency of PTAB/PTSB to FO as well as their ability to form foramina may hamper the procedures requiring placement of transcutaneous needles into FO or may present anatomical challenges in surgery involving the base of the cranium. Owing to the possibility of neural compression, they may also have clinical significance for craniofacial neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, radiologists, and dental surgeons. Our results may provide some anatomical insights for planning infratemporal fossa surgery.

Abstract Purpose: Pterygoalar bar (PTAB) is a bony bridge formed by the incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygoalar ligament extending between the lateral pterygoid lamina (LPL) and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Complete ossification of the pterygoalar ligament results in the formation of the so called “pterygoalar foramen” (PTAF), or Hyrtl’s foramen. On the other hand, pterygospinous bar (PTSB) is another bony bridge resulting from incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament, which extends from the pterygospinous process of the LPL to sphenoidal spine. Complete ossification of this ligament forms the pterygospinous foramen (PTSF), or the Civinini’s foramen. This study was undertaken to examine detailed anatomy and incidence of PTAB, PTSB and the corresponding foramina, as well as to establish their relationship with foramen ovale (FO). Methods: A total of 152 dry adult human skulls (304 sides) obtained from the collection of the Anatomy Department of Dokuz Eylül University were examined in terms of the presence/absence of PTAB/PTSB, their incidence and side, degree of ossification (complete/incomplete), and their relationship with FO. The distance between the spinous processes was measured in cases with incomplete ossification of PTAB/PTSB, while a digital caliper with 0.01 mm sensitivity (Mitutoyo, Japan) was used to measure horizontal and vertical diameters of the foramina in cases with complete ossification (i.e., when PTAF and PTSF were present). SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis with Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 152 skulls, 11 (7.23%) harbored PTAF and 2 harbored PTSF (1.3%). An incomplete PTAB or incomplete PTSB was present in 110/304 (33.4%) and 21/304 (6.9%) of the sides examined, respectively. PTAB was located medial, lateral, inferior, inferolateral, and inferomedial to FO in 15 (4.93), 29 (9.53%), 77 (25.32%), 28 (9.21%), and 3 (0.98%) of the sides. The distance between PTAB and FO was 7.43 ± 2.58 mm on the right, and 7.51 ± 2.50 mm on the left. The distance between two PTABs was 10.43 ± 3.65 mm on the right and 10.29 ± 3.30 mm on the left. The vertical diameter of PTAF was 3.80 ± 2.08 mm, and the horizontal diameter was 4.96 ± 2.24. In the presence of a foramen, the mean thickness of PTAB was 2.27 ± 0.74 mm, the mean width was 3.45 ± 3.40 mm, and the mean length was 6.54 ± 3.64 mm. No significant differences were identified between right and left-sided measurements (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Close adjacency of PTAB/PTSB to FO as well as their ability to form foramina may hamper the procedures requiring placement of transcutaneous needles into FO or may present anatomical challenges in surgery involving the base of the cranium. Owing to the possibility of neural compression, they may also have clinical significance for craniofacial neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, radiologists, and dental surgeons. Our results may provide some anatomical insights for planning infratemporal fossa surgery.

Objective: To compare whether there are any differences between the 3 methods used for measure area of foramen magnum (FM) in skulls. Methods: The FMs of 150 skulls were examined. Antero-posterior diameter, transverse diameter were measured using by Vernier caliper. The area of the FM was calculated by using 2 different formulas as described previously by Radinsky and Teixeira. The authors also applied stereological assessment method for estimating the surface area of FMs. The area was calculated 3 times manually using stereological point grid system for each skull. The authors compared the mean surface area of FMs obtained from each of these 3 methods estimating surface area of FMs whether there were any significant differences in between their results. Results: The mean areas of the FMs estimated according to Teixeria formula, Radinsky formula, and Cavalieri stereological method were respectively as follows: 790.47 ± 99.86 mm2, 783.66 ± 99.34 mm2, and 748.06 ± 100.19 mm2. The authors observed significant differences (P < 0.05) in between the mean surface areas of FMs obtained from each of these 3 methods used for estimating the area. Conclusion: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in between the mean surface areas of FMs obtained from each of these 3 methods used for estimating the area.

The orbit is very frequently damaged by traumas which result in not only bone deficits, but also functional deformities if reconstruction is not appropriate. Anatomical exposure of the bony orbit is of importance for both anatomists and surgeons who perform operation on this area. The current study evaluated the group of morphometrical parameters on 74 adult West Anatolian dry skulls and stereological surface area on the dry skull orbits while describing the clinical importance. Surface areas on the orbital base of the skulls were also evaluated using stereological method, bilaterally. Anthropological assessment of orbital base (in terms of width and height) revealed no significant difference between right and left sides. Both width and height of the optic foramen were significantly higher on the right side compared to left. The distances between the margins (medial, lateral, superior, inferior) of the orbital base and the optic foramen were longer on the right side compared to left, except the distances between the lateral margins. There was no significant difference among the subjects between right and left sides with respect to the orbital base in terms of stereological area calculation. The results are significant because there are no recorded anatomical data on West Anatolian skulls at previous researches. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 105-109).

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the degree of fusion (patency) among cranial sutures in human dry skulls in the Anatolia. METHODS:One-hundred fifty-eight human dry skulls that were accepted as adults according to the teeth eruption were macroscopically examined and photographed with Canon 400B (55 mm objective). The grades of fusion of coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid were quantitatively analyzed by using the modified grading scale. According to the extent of patency, the sutures were graded as grade-0 (open), grade-1 (fused but not obliterated), grade-2 (50%< obliterated), grade-3 (50% > obliterated), and grade-4 (100% obliterated). The authors determined and compared the rate for each grade of sutural patency on coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures. RESULTS:The cranial sutures of 4 cranii (4/158; 2.53%) had grade-4 fusion, whereas there were no any cranii with sutures of grade-0 fusion. The number of each grade of fusion among cranial sutures of 158 skulls, in descending order, was as follows: 171 (grade-3), 145 (grade-1), 133 (grade-2), and 25 (grade-4). The grade-4 fusion was significantly less observed than the others. The grade-1 and grade-4 fusion of lambdoid sutures were established as the most (66/41.8%) and least (5/3.2%) common fusions among cranial sutures, respectively. The frequencies of each grade of fusion for each cranial suture were determined in a descending order: coronal (grade-3 > 2 > 1 > 4), sagittal (grade-3 > 2 > 1 > 4), and lambdoid sutures (grade-1 > 3 > 2 > 4). The frequency of grade-1 fusion of lambdoid suture (66/41.8%) was significantly different when compared with coronal (39/24.7%) and sagittal sutures (40/25.3%), respectively. CONCLUSION:The grades of fusion (or sutural patency) vary among cranial sutures.

Chronic subdural hematoma is a common entity encountered mainly in the elderly population. In this paper, we aimed to perform a stereological analysis of the computed tomography (CT) images of a case with bilateral frontotemporoparietal chronic subdural hematoma. A 77 year old male patient presented with bilateral frontotemporoparietal chronic subdural hematoma. His medical history was significant for anticoagulation. The hematoma and intracranial volumes were measured on the CT images using stereological morph metrical analysis on the case. Cranial CT scanning revealed bilateral frontotemporoparietal chronic subdural hematoma with a width of 2 cm. Stereological volumetrically data was obtained before surgery. The hematoma and total intracranial volume may be important tools to determine on brain volumetric changes and can be estimated using the stereological method before surgery.

Objective: The length of the index (2nd finger) and the ring (4th finger) fingers of the hand are determined by the effect of prenatal sex hormones. The longer length of the index finger relative to the ring finger indicates the predominance of prenatal estrogen hormone; while the longer ring finger indicates the predominance of prenatal testosterone. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between personality profiles and finger ratios in group young women. Material and Method: 310 young women between the ages of 18 and 27 (mean=20.65 +/- 1.98) were included in the study. In the beginning all participants completed the Five Factor Personality Inventory. Afterwards, the length of 2nd and 4th fingers of both hands of all participants was measured (from palmar metacarpophalengeal joints to the tip of finger) by a digital compass. Afterwards, three groups were formed by three different calculations related with the differences between the lengths of the 2nd and the 4th fingers. The groups were defined as the estrogen predominant group for participants who had longer 2nd finger than the 4th finger by more than 1 mm as measured as the mean of both hands; testosterone dominant group for those who had a shorter 2nd finger compared with the 4th by more than 1 mm and a middle group for those who had length difference less than 1 mm. Results: The results indicated statistically meaningful differences for the factor scores of sub dimensions of the Five Factor Personality Inventory as follows: Tolerance and Soft Heartedness/Altruism for the left hand groups; Emotional Lability and Sensitivity for the right hand groups; and Liveliness, Tolerance, Soft Heartedness/ Altruism, Excitement Seeking, Emotional Lability, Proneness to Anxiety, Sensitivity, Openness to Newness sub dimensions and Emotional Instability/Neuroticism, Openness to Experience factors for mean of both hands. Conclusion: The results indicate the differences between personality traits of the groups defined by the 2D/4D finger ratios of young women.

Objective:To investigate the detailed morphological and morphometric analysis of foramen magnum (FM) in dry cranii.Methods:One hundred fifty skulls of unidentified sex were macroscopically examined and were photographed with Canon 400B (55mm objective). According to tooth eruption of the skulls, they were accepted as adults. None of the examined skulls showed signs of prior cranial surgery, malformation, or trauma. The evaluated study parameters that were recorded with Vernier caliper in millimeter were as follows: antero-posterior diameter from Basion to Opisthion, transverse diameter (largest distance between the lateral margins of the FM), and the shape of the FM (Fig. 1). The shape of the FM was determined according to FM index that was calculated by dividing antero-posterior diameter by transverse diameter. When FM index was found greater than or equal to 1.2, the foramen was accepted to be oval in shape. Whereas the FM index was found less than 1.2, the foramen was accepted to be round in shape The area of the FM was calculated by using 2 different formulas as described previously by Radinsky ((1)/(4) x x w x h) and Teixeira ( x {(h + w)/4}2), and was accepted as 3.14 in both formulas.Results:The results of descriptive statistics and areas of the FMs were presented in Table 1. The mean antero-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of anteroposterior diameter by transverse diameters were found as 34.382.38 and 28.95 +/- 2.19, respectively. The mean area of the FMs estimated by Teixeria formula was determined significantly larger than the mean area of the FMs estimated by Radinsky formula (P<0.001). According to estimated FM index of the 150 adult dry skulls, 87 (58%) of skulls were described as being round in shape and 63 (42%) of skulls were described as being oval in shape (Fig. 1).Conclusion:The surgeons must comprehend regarding the detailed morphological and morphometric features of FM to avoid vital complications during the surgical procedures.

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of the suprascapular foramen in West Anatolian population.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eighty-one dried human scapulae of West Anatolian people of unknown ages and gender belonging to the Anatomy Department Laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University Medical School were examined macroscopically. The vertical and transverse diameters of the suprascapular foramen and central thickness of the ossified ligaments were measured with calliper in millimetres and digital calliper, respectively.RESULTS:We observed the suprascapular foramen due to ossification of the suprascapular ligament only in 2 of 81 (2.47%) scapulae. The vertical and transverse diameters of the suprascapular foramen and central thickness of the ossified ligaments (No. 1 and No. 2) were measured as 8.0 mm vs. 4.0 mm, 3.6 mm vs. 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm vs. 1.4 mm, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The suprascapular foramen caused by ossified suprascapular ligament is rarely observed variation in West Anatolian population.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate coexistence of Wormian bones with metopism, and vice versa, in adult skulls.Materials and Methods: A total of 160 dry adult human skulls of unknown sex and ages were randomly selected from the Gross Anatomy Laboratory of Medical School of Dokuz Eylul University. The skulls were examined for presence of metopism, Wormian bones (WB), and coexistence of WBs with metopism and vice versa. Topographic distribution of the WBs was macroscopically evaluated within the skulls including metopism. The photographs were being taken with Canon 400B (55mm objective).Results: The frequency of metopism and WBs in 160 skulls is 7.50% (12/160) and 59.3% (95/160), respectively, P<0.05 (Table 1). The incidence of coexistence of WBs with metopism was found as 11 of 12 skulls (91.66%), whereas the incidence of coexistence of metopism with WBs was found as 11 of 95 skulls (11.58%), P<0.05 (Table 1). There were totally 23 sutures including WBs in 11 skulls, which had metopism (Table 2). The number (%) of metopic skulls for each specific suture including WBs were found as: 11 lamdoid sutures in 7/11 (63.63%) skulls, 4 lambda in 4/11 (36.36%) skulls, 2 asterion in 2/11 (18.18%) skulls, 1 squamous in 1/11 (9.09%) skull, 2 sagittal in 2/11 (18.18%) skulls, and 3 parieromsatoid sutures in 2/11 (18.18%) skulls (Table 2). The distribution of these 23 WBs in sutures of 11 skulls including metopisms is determined as follows: 11/23 (47.82%) WBs at lambdoid sutures [5/23 (21.74%) at the right lambdoid sutures and 6/23 (26.08%) at the left lambdoid sutures, and 4 pair of 11 WBs bilaterally located]; 4 (17.39%) WBs at lambda; 2/23 (8.69%) WBs at asterion [1/23 (4.34%) at the right asterion and 1/23 (4.34%) at the left asterion of 2 diverse skulls]; 2/23 (8.69%) WBs at sagittal sutures; 1/23 (4.34%) WBs at the left squamous suture; 3/23 (13.04%) WBs at parietomastoid sutures [2/23 (8.69%) at the right parietomastoid sutures and 1/23 (4.34%) at the left parietomastoid suture and 1 pair of them bilaterally located; Table 2, Fig. 1].Conclusions: There was a significant difference in rates between coexistence of WBs with metopism (11/12, 91.66%) and coexistence of metopism with WBs (11/95, 11.58%). The factors leading to metopism may also lead to WBs, whereas that the factors leading to WBs may not lead to metopism.

Anatomic variability and anastomosis of the angular artery of the facial artery with the other arteries are important for both anatomists and surgeons. In particular, the angular artery is a significant landmark in dacryocystorhinostomy. Because of variations on anatomy of the angular artery, there are limited numbers of anatomic studies on the flaps of facial region. Hence, the aim of the cadaveric study was to evaluate the anatomic features of the angular artery in detail to help surgical procedures.The artery was represented under ×4 loop magnification in 32 sides of 16 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. The angular artery's position, diameter, and branch patterns relevant to the nose arterial supply were evaluated. The facial artery ended symmetrically in 10 (62.5%) of the cadavers. The facial artery was terminated as angular artery in all of the cases. The types of the angular artery were as follows: classical angular type in 8 cases (25.0%), nasal type in 15 cases (46.9%), alar type in 4 cases (12.5%), and labial type in 5 cases (15.6%) on the facial halves. We studied the topographic anatomic features of the angular artery for increasing reliability of the flaps on the region. The angular arterial anatomic details are critical and essential for surgical cosmetic and functional results.

Anteromedial thigh (AMT) flaps based on lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) have characteristics which make them favourable for use in reconstruction of extensive thigh, head, neck and leg defects. AMT flap which is elevated on the artery has the advantages of low donor site morbidity and preservation of main arteries. Due to inconstant anatomy of the pedicle, the flap is mostly not preferable. Hence, we aimed to describe the anatomical features of the unnamed branch of the descending branch of the LCFA harvesting AMT flap. For this purpose, the external iliac artery was displayed bilaterally on 15 adult (13 males and 2 females; age range 55-82 years) preserved cadavers using latex injection. The perforator branch of the descending branch from the LCFA was microdissected under 4× loupe magnification. The perforator branch was located 28.53 (20.20-34.20) cm distal to the anterior superior iliac spine, 22.12 (13.40-28.00) cm distal to the pubic tubercle, and 13.20 (10.80-16.20) cm proximal to the interepicondylar line. At the level of origin point the mean diameter of the perforating branch was 0.17 cm and the mean diameter of its cutaneous branch was 0.14 cm. The mean length of the pedicle was 5.71 (3.70-9.00) cm. We conclude that our findings contribute to the literature in terms of anatomical knowledge for surgical safety.

Objective: The Wormian Bones are accessory bones located within the cranial sutures and fontanelles. The present article examines the incidence of Wormian Bones and compares the number and topographic distribution between the sutures including Wormian Bones in skulls of West Anatolian Population.Methods: One hundred fifty crania were examined. The parameters evaluated in the present study were as follows: the rate of skulls including Wormian Bones; the topographic distribution and frequencies of the sutures including Wormian Bones; the number of these sutures for each skull; the name and number of sutures that were bilaterally and symmetrically located on the right and left side of skull (paired sutures) and which coincidentally had Wormian Bones for each skull; the differences of frequencies between the paired sutures including Wormian Bones.Results: The rate of skulls including Wormian Bones was determined as 59.3%. The maximum and minimum numbers of sutures, including Wormian Bones, were 6 in 1 skull and 1 in each of 30 skulls, respectively. The maximum and minimum rates of sutures that had Wormian Bones were found in left lambdoid 40.7% and right occipitomastoid 1.3% sutures, respectively. There was only a significant difference between the rate of right and left squamous sutures (P = 0.04). Forty-five skulls were including 55 pairs of bilaterally and symmetrically located sutures that coincidentally had Wormian Bones in each pair. Each of 35 skulls had 1 pair of sutures including Wormian Bones and each of 10 skulls had 2 pairs.Conclusions: In the present study, the rate of Wormian Bones was determined as 59.3% in West Anatolian Population. This incidence rate is considerably lower than the other reports, and it may be as a result of racial variations. These divergent bones were more frequently found in left lambdoid sutures (40.7%) and less frequently in right occipitomastoid sutures (1.3%). This study may guide the investigators dealing with the neurosurgery, orthopedy, radiology, anatomy, and anthropology in their practice.