Over the past nine years, the Frascati National Laboratory, INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, has organized the International School on Modern Physics and Research INSPYRE, addressed to High School students (attending the last two years) and dedicated to the hottest topics in modern and contemporary physics, real challenges for a new generation of scientists. The school lasts one week and it takes place at the Frascati National Laboratory. Since the first edition in 2011, the project has always grown up gathering High School students from all over the world sharing passion for science and technology. The school includes lectures on modern physics, its applications in society and experimental sessions. Students have the opportunity to be involved in a series of hands-on activities related to modern physics realized in team together with the INFN researchers. Moreover, students visit the main experiments and accelerating facilities at Frascati National Laboratory, learning about the main frontier research fields, cutting edge technologies and the connection between science and society. The integration of classrooms and laboratory-based activity is the winning formula to deepen each research field through a positive and inclusive model for learning science. This is an experience of out-of-school learning in which students experience the work environment typical of an international collaboration, they have to share their knowledge, compare ideas, help each other and communicate results, being overall very useful for career orientation. The nine years experience, data collection as well as some of the experimental activities proposed, will be presented in this paper.

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100TeV. Its unprecedented centre of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.

This document collects the proceedings of the "Parton Radiation and Fragmentation from LHC to FCC-ee" workshop (http://indico.cern.ch/e/ee_jets16) held at CERN in Nov. 2016. The writeup reviews the latest theoretical and experimental developments on parton radiation and parton-hadron fragmentation studies –including analyses of LEP, B-factories, and LHC data– with a focus on the future perspectives reacheable in e^+e^- measurements at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee), with multi-ab^-1 integrated luminosities yielding 10^12 and 10^8 jets from Z and W bosons decays as well as 10^5 gluon jets from Higgs boson decays. The main topics discussed are: (i) parton radiation and parton-to-hadron fragmentation functions (splitting functions at NNLO, small-z NNLL resummations, global FF fits including Monte Carlo (MC) and neural-network analyses of the latest Belle/BaBar high-precision data, parton shower MC generators), (ii) jet properties (quark-gluon discrimination, e^+e^- event shapes and multi-jet rates at NNLO+N^nLL, jet broadening and angularities, jet substructure at small-radius, jet charge determination, e^+e^- jet reconstruction algorithms), (iii) heavy-quark jets (dead cone effect, charm-bottom separation, gluon-to-bb̅ splitting), and (iv) non-perturbative QCD phenomena (colour reconnection, baryon and strangeness production, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac final-state correlations, colour string dynamics: spin effects, helix hadronization).

This document provides a writeup of contributions to the FCC-ee mini-workshop on "Physics behind precision" held at CERN, on 2-3 February 2016.

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab^-1 of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV pp collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab^-1.

This review summarizes the results of the activities which have taken place in 2014 within the Standard Model Working Group of the “What Next” Workshop organized by INFN, Italy. We present a framework, general questions, and some indications of possible answers on the main issue for Standard Model physics in the LHC era and in view of possible future accelerators.

This Report summarizes the results of the activities in 2014 of the Standard Model Working Group within the workshop "What Next" of INFN. We present a framework, general questions, and some indications of possible answers on the main issue for Standard Model physics in the LHC era and in view of possible future accelerators.

We present a brief overview of the most relevant current issues related to quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions along with some perspectives. After reviewing recent experimental and theoretical results on quarkonium production in pp and pA collisions, we discuss the emerging field of polarisation studies. Afterwards, we report on issues related to heavy-quark production, both in pp and pA collisions, complemented by AA collisions. To put the work in broader perpectives, we emphasize the need for new observables to investigate the quarkonium production mechanisms and reiterate the qualities that make quarkonia a unique tool for many investigations in particle and nuclear physics.

An unspecified strong dynamics may give rise to composite vectors sufficiently light that their interactions, among themselves or with the electroweak gauge bosons, be approximately described by an effective Lagrangian invariant under SU(2) L × SU(2) R /SU(2) L+R . We study the production at the LHC of two such states by vector boson fusion or by the Drell-Yan process in this general framework and we compare it with the case of gauge vectors from a SU(2) L × SU(2) R × SU(2) N gauge model spontaneously broken to the diagonal SU(2) subgroup by a generic σ-model. Special attention is payed to the asymptotic behaviour of the different amplitudes in both cases. The expected rates of multi-lepton events from the decay of the composite vectors are also given. A thorough phenomenological analysis and the evaluation of the backgrounds to such signals, aiming at assessing the visibility of composite-vector pairs at the LHC, is instead deferred to future work.

We review the prospects for studies of the top quark at the LHC.

We review the main features of Monte Carlo generators for top quark phenomenology and present some results for t-tbar and single-top signals and backgrounds at the LHC.

We present the mini-proceedings of the workshop on ``Parton fragmentation in the vacuum and in the medium'' held at the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*, Trento) in February 2008. The workshop gathered both theorists and experimentalists to discuss the current status of investigations of quark and gluon fragmentation into hadrons at different accelerator facilities (LEP, B-factories, JLab, HERA, RHIC, and Tevatron) as well as preparations for extension of these studies at the LHC. The main physics topics covered were: (i) light-quark and gluon fragmentation in the vacuum including theoretical (global fits analyses and MLLA) and experimental (data from e+e-, p-p, e-p collisions) aspects, (ii) strange and heavy-quark fragmentation, (iii) parton fragmentation in cold QCD matter (nuclear DIS), and (iv) medium-modified fragmentation in hot and dense QCD matter (high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions). These mini-proceedings consist of an introduction and short summaries of the talks presented at the meeting.

The large ttbar production cross-section at the LHC suggests the use of top quark decays to calibrate several critical parts of the detectors, such as the trigger system, the jet energy scale and b-tagging.

This paper describes the top-quark physics measurements that can be performed with the first LHC data in the ATLAS and CMS experiments.

This Report summarises the activities of the "SM and Higgs" working group for the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France, 2-20 May, 2005. On the one hand, we performed a variety of experimental and theoretical studies on standard candles (such as W, Z, and ttbar production), treating them either as proper signals of known physics, or as backgrounds to unknown physics; we also addressed issues relevant to those non-perturbative or semi-perturbative ingredients, such as Parton Density Functions and Underlying Events, whose understanding will be crucial for a proper simulation of the actual events taking place in the detectors. On the other hand, several channels for the production of the Higgs, or involving the Higgs, have been considered in some detail. The report is structured into four main parts. The first one deals with Standard Model physics, except the Higgs. A variety of arguments are treated here, from full simulation of processes constituting a background to Higgs production, to studies of uncertainties due to PDFs and to extrapolations of models for underlying events, from small-$x$ issues to electroweak corrections which may play a role in vector boson physics. The second part of the report treats Higgs physics from the point of view of the signal. In the third part, reviews are presented on the current status of multi-leg, next-to-leading order and of next-to-next-to-leading order QCD computations. Finally, the fourth part deals with the use of Monte Carlos for simulation of LHC physics.

We investigate the effect of large‐x resummation on parton distributions by performing a fit of Deep Inelastic Scattering data from the NuTeV, BCDMS and NMC collaborations, using NLO and NLL soft‐resummed coefficient functions. Our results show that soft resummation has a visible impact on quark densities at large x. Resummed parton fits would therefore be needed whenever high precision is required for cross sections evaluated near partonic threshold.

This is the third out of five chapters of the final report [1] of the Workshop on Physics at HL-LHC, and perspectives on HE-LHC [2]. It is devoted to the study of the potential, in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, of the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the LHC, defined as $3~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of $14~\mathrm{TeV}$, and of a possible future upgrade, the High Energy (HE) LHC, defined as $15~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data at a centre-of-mass energy of $27~\mathrm{TeV}$. We consider a large variety of new physics models, both in a simplified model fashion and in a more model-dependent one. A long list of contributions from the theory and experimental (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) communities have been collected and merged together to give a complete, wide, and consistent view of future prospects for BSM physics at the considered colliders. On top of the usual standard candles, such as supersymmetric simplified models and resonances, considered for the evaluation of future collider potentials, this report contains results on dark matter and dark sectors, long lived particles, leptoquarks, sterile neutrinos, axion-like particles, heavy scalars, vector-like quarks, and more. Particular attention is placed, especially in the study of the HL-LHC prospects, to the detector upgrades, the assessment of the future systematic uncertainties, and new experimental techniques. The general conclusion is that the HL-LHC, on top of allowing to extend the present LHC mass and coupling reach by $20-50\%$ on most new physics scenarios, will also be able to constrain, and potentially discover, new physics that is presently unconstrained. Moreover, compared to the HL-LHC, the reach in most observables will generally more than double at the HE-LHC, which may represent a good candidate future facility for a final test of TeV-scale new physics.

I investigate bottom-quark fragmentation in H -> b (b) over bar processes. I discuss the implementation of collinear and soft resummation, in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation, and the inclusion of non-perturbative contributions taken from LEP and SLD data.

I study bottom quark fragmentation in the Standard Model Higgs decay H→bb¯, within the framework of perturbative fragmentation functions. I resum large collinear logarithms ln(mH2/mb2) in the next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) approximation, using the DGLAP evolution equations. Soft contributions to the MS¯ coefficient function and to the initial condition of the perturbative fragmentation function are resummed to NLL accuracy as well. The implementation of collinear and soft resummation has a relevant impact on the b energy spectrum, which exhibits a milder dependence on factorization and renormalization scales and on the Higgs mass. I present some predictions on the energy distribution of b-flavoured hadrons in Higgs decay, making use of data from LEP and SLD experiments to fit a few hadronization models. I also compare the phenomenological results yielded by a few processes recently provided with NLL collinear and soft resummations.