Objectives: Polypharmacy and the uncontrolled use of herbal products increase drug interactions and adverse drug reactions, leading to possible risks for the geriatric population. This study aimed to investigate the medications and herbal products used by geriatric individuals who presented to a family health center in Trabzon province, Türkiye, as well as their related habits and knowledge and information sources. Methods: The study was conducted through face-to-face interviews with geriatric patients who presented to the Yomra Family Health Center in Trabzon between February and May 2019. The questionnaire forms obtained from a total of 236 individuals with appropriate data quality were included in the study. Results: Of the participants, 137 (58.1%) were primary school graduates, whose mean age was 69.23 ± 4.81 years. It was found that 212 (89.9%) of the participants used medications regularly, and 143 (60.5%) of the regular medication users did not remember the name or purpose of at least one medication. The participants used a total of 646 medications, of which 63 (9.7%) were kept under unsuitable storage conditions. It was also determined that 76 (32.2%) of the participants used herbal products, with the most commonly used herbal products being linden and lemon-and-mint tea. Conclusion: Pharmacists can improve the treatment adherence and outcomes of geriatric patients by monitoring their treatment regimens in terms of dose, duration, and drug interactions, while also providing counseling on medications and herbal products, including necessary warnings and instructions. Furthermore, healthcare professionals must be fully aware of the potential health complications arising from the combined intake of herbs and drugs to ensure optimal patient care.

Amaç: Bireylerin nasıl öğrendiklerini öğrenmeleri ve bu sürecin daha verimli hale getirilebilmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar; öğrenen ve öğretenlerin öğrenme yöntemleri konusunda farkındalıklarının önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada tıp fakültesinin tüm dönemlerindeki öğrencilerin öğrenme stilleri Felder ve Soloman tarafından geliştirilen “Öğrenme stilleri indeksi” kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu indeks, aktif- yansıtıcı, algısal-sezgisel, görsel-işitsel ve sıralı-bütünsel olmak üzere 4 boyut ve her boyutun güçlü dengeli ve orta olmak üzere 3 düzeyi içermektedir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya tüm dönemlerden toplam 900 öğrenci katılmıştır. İndekse göre öğrenme stilleri ile ilgili öğrencilerin hangi boyutta ve düzeyde oldukları değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrenme boyutlarında %22,1 dengeli yansıtıcı, %25,8 dengeli aktif öğrenen olduğu bu boyutta dönemlere göre dağılımının anlamlı olarak farklı olduğu görülmektedir (p=0.001). Aynı şekilde, algısal – sezgisel boyutta dengeli algısal %14,2 ve dengeli sezgisel %25,7 olduğu ve dönemlere göre anlamlı fark olduğu (0.024), dengeli işitsel %15,4, dengeli görsel %22,9 olup işitsel – görsel öğrenme boyutlarında dönemlere göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmektedir(p=0.019). Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar hem öğrencilerin hem de eğitmenleri yönlendirmek açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Background: Pregnancy is an important process that affects the body's daily water requirements through various mechanisms. Adequate fluid intake also plays a critical role in pregnancy. This research aimed to determine levels of water/fluid intake and influencing factors among pregnant women presenting to a university hospital in Trabzon, T & uuml;rkiye. Methods: A total of 1,082 pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional research. A questionnaire was used during the faceto-face interviews to collect data. SPSS version 23.0 software was employed during data analysis, and logistic regression was applied to identify factors that affect adequate daily fluid intake. Results: The pregnant women in this study consumed a daily mean amount of water amounting to 1.8 +/- 0.9 liters and had a mean fluid intake of 2.3 +/- 0.9 liters. Results showed that daily fluid intake was inadequate in 557 (51.5%) participants. At the same time, logistic regression analysis revealed higher rates of sufficient daily fluid intake among pregnant women who were informed about water intake by their physicians and women with higher total monthly household incomes. Conclusions: Fluid intake was lower than the recommended amount for pregnant women in approximately half of the study's participants. High levels of education, household income, and information about water intake provided by a physician were identified as important factors related to adequate daily fluid intake.

The field of corneal cell sheet engineering has evolved rapidly in the last decade; however, challenges related to transplantation into target tissue still exist, necessitating a new approach to integrate cell sheet technology onto a contact lens surface. In this study, a novel surface-modified contact lens was developed for corneal regenerative medicine to ensure the easy and safe integration of cell sheets into the target tissue. The lens surface was coated with a thermo-responsive polymer using the initiated chemical vapor deposition technique, facilitating the separation of tissue-integrated cell sheets from the coated lens surface by simply lowering the temperature. BEAS-2B and L929 cells, along with human limbal epithelial cells, were cultured on a crosslinked poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-coated lens, providing temperature sensitivity for 14 days. At the end of the incubation period, the cultured cells were harvested as intact monolayer cell sheets through a simple temperature reduction, without enzymatic treatment or additional surgical procedures. Rapid and complete delamination of the cells planted and incubated on the coated lens surface was achieved at room temperature. Therapeutic contact lenses modified with cell sheet technology allowed targeted delivery of cells to the affected area of the cornea. Schematics depict the initated chemical vapor deposition of a temperature responsive polymer coating on contact lenses, enabling the temperature controlled detachment of limbal epithelial cells for cell sheet transplantation. image

Viral hepatitler, karaciğer hasarı, siroz, hepatosellüler karsinomaya yol açabilen; kan ve enfekte vücut sıvılarıyla bulaşabilmeleri nedenleriyle toplumda yayılabilme yetenekleri olan, ölüme neden olabilen enfeksiyonlardır.Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ilinde yaşayan bireylerde kan yoluyla bulaşan hepatit B (HBV), hepatit C (HCV) ve hepatit D (HDV)'nin seroprevalansını belirlemek ve seroprevalans ile potansiyel olarak ilişkili faktörleri incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin kuzeydoğusundaki Trabzon ilinde, merkez ilçe dahil toplam 10 ilçede gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada HBV, HCV ve HDV için seroprevalans hesaplandığından, örneklem büyüklüğü her biri için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmış, hesaplanan en yüksek örneklem büyüklüğü olan 1116, araştırmanın minimum örneklem büyüklüğü olarak kabul edilmiştir.Araştırma 1502 kişi ile tamamlanmıştır.Serolojik testler olarak HBV için HBsAg, anti-HBs ve anti-HBc IgG; HCV için anti-HCV ve HDV

Viral hepatitis are infections that can cause liver damage, become chronic, lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately result in death due to their ability to spread in the community through blood and infected body fluids. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis D (HDV) transmitted through blood among individuals living in Trabzon province and to examine the factors potentially associated with seroprevalence. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Trabzon province, located in the northeast of T & uuml;rkiye, including a total of 10 districts, including the central district. Since seroprevalence was calculated for HBV, HCV, and HDV in the study, the sample size was separately calculated for each, and the calculated maximum sample size of 1116 was accepted as the minimum sample size for the study. The study was completed with 1502 participants. Serological tests for HBV included HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc IgG; for HCV, anti-HCV; and for HDV, anti-HDV were analysed. Data were evaluated for HBV risk factors using univariate analyses with Chi-square test and for multiple analyses using enter model logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the participants was 45.7 +/- 16.6 years, with 767 (51.1%) being female. The prevalence of HBV seropositivity, indicating vaccination, was 23.0%, while the seroprevalence of HBV among unvaccinated adults was 27.4%. HBsAg positivity was 5.1%, and isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity was 4.2%. The proportion of individuals with HBsAg in the gray zone was 0.5%, while the positivity rates for anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG (indicating past infection) were 17.6%. The prevalence of anti-HCV was six per thousand, while anti-HDV was not detected in the analyses. HBsAg positivity and co-infection with HCV were found in one person, and among the nine individuals positive for anti-HCV, isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity was detected in three. Increasing age, presence of a person with jaundice in the family, presence of diabetes mellitus, alcohol use and cupping therapy were identified as risk factors for HBV in the logistic regression analysis. Risk factors for HCV in univariate analyses were being over 40 years old, presence of hepatic steatosis and receiving dialysis treatment. The results of the study indicate that despite being included in our vaccination schedule and the administration of vaccines to high-risk adults, HBV still requires intensive attention as a public health problem. HCV, lacking a vaccine has been evaluated as an infectious agent that needs to be taken into consideration due to its potential risks and requires the complete implementation of individual and social precautions.

Objective: Given the limited studies on types of vaccination and infection rates among health care workers (HCWs) in T & uuml;rkiye, we analyzed the demographic, clinical, and vaccination characteristics as well as the attitudes of HCWs who have been infected with COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed demographic and clinical data on breakthrough COVID-19 infections in HCWs from hospital surveillance data collected between April 5, 2020, and November 1, 2022. The comparison was based on four subgroups that consisted of unvaccinated, one-shot-vaccinated, homologous vaccinated, and heterologous vaccinated individuals. Participants who received various combinations of Sinovac/CoronaVac and/or BioNTech/Pfizer vaccines were compared for detection of COVID-19. Results: During a 33-month period of 744 HCWs who contracted COVID-19, women (65.3%) and nurses (28.9%) were the most affected, followed by doctors (25.8%). Of the infected HCWs, only 1.3% required hospitalization, 0.3% required ICU support, and 98.4% were outpatients. By vaccination status, 143 of the HCWs (19.2%) were unvaccinated, 292 (39.2%) were homologously vaccinated, 294 (39.5%) were heterologously vaccinated, 15 (2%) received a single shot, 206 (27.7%) received two shots, and 165 (22.2%) received three shots. All HCWs contracted COVID-19 at a mean of 134- days (range:1-539) after vaccination. While the proportions of homologously and heterologously vaccinated HCWs were similar, the time elapsed from vaccination to contracting COVID-19 varied (mean 143.4 +/- 106.7 vs.126.4 +/- 82.43 +/- 82.43 days). Conclusions: Among both outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19, women HCWs outnumbered men HCWs. HCWs who received homologous vaccination contracted COVID-19 later than those who received heterologous vaccination.

Background In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine deficiency is present not only in the nigrostriatal pathway but also in the retinal and visual pathways. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) can be used as morphological evidence of visual influence from early nonmotor symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of OCT and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) of eyes with the severity of clinical findings and ocular findings in PD. Methods A group of 42 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD and a control group of 29 people between the ages of 45–85 were included in our study. VEP was recorded in the patient and control groups. OCT measurement was made with the Optovue spectral-domain device. Foveal thickness and macular volume were measured in the foveal region and in the parafoveal and perifoveal regions in the temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants. RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) was measured in temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants. Ganglion cell complex (GCC) was evaluated in the superior and inferior quadrants. Using the UPDRS clinical scale, the relationship between measurements and the differences between the control group and the patient group were evaluated. Results Among the OCT values in our study, foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal thickness, macular volume, RNFL, and GCC measurements were performed for the right and left eyes, and no difference was found between the patient group and the control group. There was no difference in VEP amplitude and latency values between the patient and control groups. The relationships between UPDRS and modified Hoehn Yahr staging and OCT and VEP measurements in the patient revealed no correlation. Conclusions Studies on whether OCT measurements can functionally be a marker or which segments are more valuable for disease progression in patients with PD are needed. Visual dysfunction in PD cannot be attributed only to retinal pathology; however, the retina may provide monitoring of the status of dopaminergic neurodegeneration and axonal loss in PD.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Hypericum perforatum extract on amikacin-induced kidney disease in rats.Methods: About 28 female Spraque-Dawley rats were separated into groups. The control, amikacin, amikacin+ H. perfora-tum extract, and H. perforatum extract groups were given intraperitoneally 1 mL of serum physiologic, amikacin (1.2 g/kg), H. perforatum extract (50 mg/kg) + amikacin (1.2 g/kg), and H. perforatum extract (50 mg/kg), respectively. On the third day, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, histo-pathology, and apoptosis were explored in kidney tissue.Results: The serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were higher in H. perforatum extract-pretreated amikacin group than in the other groups. Kidney malondialdehyde levels which showed oxidative injury were lowest in the serum physiologic group and highest in amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups. Anti-oxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) levels decreased more in amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups than serum physiologic (control) and H. perforatum extract groups. Histopathological damage scores of the amikacin+H. perforatum extract group were higher than the other groups. Proximal tubular tissue necrosis was observed in all of the rats in amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups. Amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups demon-strated the highest apoptotic index percentage.Conclusion: We found that H. perforatum extract increased kidney injury mostly through oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis.

Objective: The study aimed at identifying dangers and risks encountered by hazelnut farm workers and exploring the effect of occupational health and safety training about hazelnut farming upon the workers’ knowledge level. Materials and Methods: In this research, which was conducted as an intervention study, the pre-test post-test single-group research pattern was used. Training and brochures were given to 60 hazelnut agriculture employees selected using a random sampling method after the pretest. The change in the current knowledge score was examined statistically with the last test application two weeks later. Results: 53.3% of the participants were male and their average age was 43.0±14.4 years. 60.0% of the participants stated that they had accidents while they were engaged in hazelnut farming and 71.7% of them did not have any training about occupational health and safety previously. Participants’ score of knowledge about physical dangers and risks as to occupational health and safety was 62.7±17.8 before the training while it significantly increased to 79.3±16.3 after the training. It was seen that after the training held; having a previous training, having high educational status, having no accidents previously and being at a young age affected post-test scores significantly. Conclusion: In the study, it was explored that hazelnut farming workers in Trabzon Province lacked knowledge about physical and ergonomic risks in relation to occupational health and safety. For the trainings of the workers; universities, provincial and district directorates of agriculture and agriculture cooperatives can be used.

Amaç: Sınıf içi soru sorma bir eğitim tekniğidir ve tıp eğitiminde de kullanılmaktadır. Pandemi döneminde zorunlu online eğitime geçilmesi eğitimi etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada pandemi döneminin, tıp eğiticilerini sınıf içi soru sorma teknikleri açısından ne şekilde etkilediğini bulmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı desende yapılandırıldı. Tıp Fakültesinde eğitici olarak çalışanlardan araştırmaya katılmaya onam verenlere; tanımlayıcı sorular ile Sınıf İçi Soru Sorma Teknikleri Ölçeğinin pandemi öncesi ve sonrası olarak yanıtlanmak üzere anket formunu doldurmaları istendi. Verilerin analizinde ölçümsel veriler ortalama± standart sapma ile ifade edildi. Online ve yüz yüze dönem ölçek puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında normal dağılıma uymayan alt boyut puanları Wilcoxon testi ile, normal dağılıma uyan toplam puan ise paired t testi ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Altmış üç eğitimci çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı. Pandemi dönemine göre yüz yüze eğitimde soru sorma teknikleri ölçeği puanları anlamlı yüksekti (p

Objective: Healthcare professionals continue to work uninterruptedly and provide preventive and therapeutic services, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of experiencing psychological health problems increases due to this heavy and continuous workload and various risk factors. Scales available in the international literature have been developed in adults to screen for fear of COVID-19. The purpose of this research was to develop a scale that will mediate the collection of valid and reliable data for medical faculty and to determine the COVID-19 fear levels of term 4, 5, 6 students. Material and Method: This methodological type study was conducted in the 2020-2021 education period and total of 371 students in classrooms of 4,5 and 6 terms were included. Necessary arrangements were made and the candidate fear scale was created. The items in the scale were structured in a 5-point Likert style. The suitability of the data set for factor analysis was done with the Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) test. The principal axis factoring (PAF) method was used as the factor determination method. The "Direct Oblimin" method was used as the rotation method. The validity and reliability proofs of the scale were examined according to the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. In this study, unidimensionality was examined by EFA. The local independence assumption was tested with the Q3 statistic. IRT calibrations were provided with "mirt v.1.30" program within the scope of R v.4.0.5 software. Results: 55.3% of three hundred and seventy-one participants were women (n=205). 41.8% of the students were in term 4 (n=155), 29.6% were in term 5 (n=110), 28.6% were in term 6 (n=106). The "item-total correlation analysis" of 35 items of the Candidate COVID-19 Fear Scale was carried out by explanatory factor analysis (EFA), and 18 items were excluded from the item pool because measurement and evaluation could not reach the desired values in the scale development literature. As a result of the analyzes made, it was determined that the COVID-19 fear scale, in a total of 17 items, with three sub-factors validly and reliably determined the COVID-19 fear level of the students (F1: Fear of Practicing Your Occupation Due to COVID-19; F2: Fear of Catching and Spreading COVID-19; F3: Fear of Illness Due to Negative Habits). In addition, the validity and reliability levels of the scale were proven according to both classical test theory and item response theory. The scale Total Cronbach Alpha Reliability Value was found to be 0.932, which is the reliability indicator of the COVID-19 fear scale according to the classical test theory. The marginal reliability coefficients were detected at the levels of 0.920, 0.870 and 0.811 respectively for the F1, F2 and F3 sub-factors according to the item response theory. Conclusion: It has been observed that the COVID-19 fear scale determined the COVID-19 fear level in medical students in a valid and reliable way with three sub factors in 17 items. If the scale is used in different regions and medical students, it will also make an important contribution to the literature and detailed comparisons can be made.

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol phytoalexin compound and has long been considered to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In order to exploit the protective potential of RSV in anterior segment diseases, we investigated the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of human limbal explant cultures to RSV and MMC or H2O2 alone and in combination. A total of 18 limbal explant tissues obtained from three corneal donors were placed on the 12 well tissue culture polystyrene plates and cultured for 14 days. Cell growth from limbal explants was observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. The cytotoxic effects of RSV was studied by neutral red uptake assay. For the assessment of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects, basic alkaline technique of comet assay was performed. It was found that the concentrations of RSV up to 100 μM did not significantly affect the viability of outgrowth cells of limbal explant during 24 h exposure. When compared to negative control, all concentrations of RSV alone caused an increase in DNA strand breakage. Interestingly, 10 μg/mL MMC alone caused similar tail intensity and tail moment values with RSV alone. On the other hand, RSV treatment in all doses seemed to decrease the DNA damage induced by either H2O2 or MMC. RSV is an attractive natural compound for the purpose of oxidative stress reduction in ocular surface and can be utilized as a supplement to promote ocular surface regeneration in vivo.

Gönültaş, Eda Nur MD; Dereli Can, Gamze MD, PhDEditor(s): Avery, Robert DO; Golnik, Karl C. MD; Froment, Caroline MD, PhD; Wang, An-Guor MD Author Information

Objective:The aim of this study to evaluation of water/fluid intake of inpatient's relatives and affecting factors. Methods:In this descriptive study, 608 relatives of inpatient were included, between June-July 2019.The data were collected by using face-to-face interview method with a questionnaire form.In the evaluation of daily fluid intake sufficiency from beverages and water, National Academy of Medicine's (NAM) recommendation of 2.2 L/day fluid intake for females, 3.0 L/day for males was taken as a basis.The values by gender groups equal to these amounts or above were evaluated as sufficient while the values below these amounts were considered as insufficient fluid intake.In data analysis, SPSS 23.0 statistical package program was used.Results: In this study, the amount of water intake of patient relatives staying full time in the hospital was found as 1361.0±796.9(0-5000) mL/day and the fluid intake was 1826.8±998.2(0-6600) mL/day.According to base on the recommendations of NAM, it was determined that 482 (79.3%) of the patient relatives

Objectives: To evaluate treatment-naïve patients with neovascular-exudative age-related macular degeneration (eARMD) in one eye and early-/intermediate-stage nonexudative ARMD (neARMD) in the fellow eye by optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA).Methods: A total of 70 eyes of 35 patients (17 females) with first diagnosis of eARMD in one eye and early/intermediate-stage neARMD in the fellow eye were included in this study.The eARMD diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescein angiography.Each subject underwent OCTA imaging by RTVue XR Avanti OCT device.Capillary vessel density (VD) of superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) retinal capillary plexuses and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters were measured.Results: The mean age was 72.0±8.9 years (range 59-87).The mean visual acuity was 0.7±0.5 logMar for the eARMD eyes and 0.4±0.3logMar for the fellow eyes (p=0.012).Nineteen patients (54.3%) had occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and 16 patients (45.7%) had classical CNV.The mean FAZ area was measured 0.30 ± 0.11 mm 2 in the eARMD eyes and 0.27±0.11mm 2 in the fellow eyes (p=0.387).The FAZ circularity index measurement was 1.15±0.03 in eARMD eyes and 1.11±0.05 in the fellow eyes (p=0.014).There was no statistically significant difference in any measure of the macular SCP and DCP's VD between eARMD eyes and their fellow eyes.Conclusion: Potential retinal vascular alterations will be important in ARMD pathogenesis.

Purpose: To investigate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the microvascular alterations in both macula and peripapillary region in obese children. Methods: We included a total of 222 eyes of 111 children (54 obese children and 57 healthy subjects). Capillary vessel density (VD) of superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) retinal capillary plexuses were measured in macular slabs. Peripapillary region was also evaluated. The FAZ parameters were measured based on the whole retinal slab. A commercial optical coherence tomography-angiography system was used. Results: The mean ages were 13.33 ± 2.55 years (range, 8–17) and 13.41 ± 2.90 years (range, 7–18) in patients with obesity and healthy controls, respectively ( p = 0.84). The mean area of the FAZ were 0.278 ± 0.10 mm 2 and 0.272 ± 0.11 mm 2 in children with obesity and in control participants, respectively ( p = 0.68). There were significant increases in the superior region of the parafoveal VD of SCP ( p = 0.008 for superior hemisphere and p = 0.003 for superior quadrant). There was no significant difference in any measure of the macular DCP and peripapillary region ( p > 0.05, for all). Conclusion: Increased vascular density measurements were found in the superior part of the parafoveal region of SCP in children with obesity. The results of the study should be taken into consideration during the course of the disease to define whole systemic response to obesity in childhood and will be of interest for pediatrician’s clinical practice.

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and vaccination status in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University medical faculty first-year students. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of 170 first-year students, and 81.2% of the students were reached (138 students). Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs were used for data analysis. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of groups. For statistical significance, the p

Background:This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the psychosocial effects of noise on employees in Hydroelectric Power Plants in Turkey.Methods:The study was conducted in 2018, in operating Hydroelectric Power Plants located in the city of Artvin in Turkey with 110 employees. Data were collected by performing noise measurement, blood pressure measurement and using descriptive characteristics form and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.Results:The average personal noise of the sample was 72.3±0.8 dB(A). The blood pressure of the employees were within normal limits. There was no significant difference between the noise levels and the sub-dimensions of the scales used.Conclusion:The measured mean noise of the sample was within normal limits as per the regulations regarding the protection of employees from noise. Measured BP means of employees during working and resting hours were within normal limits. DASS-42 subscale scores exhibited no difference depending on the noise level.

Objective Our research classified variables associated with internet addiction and examined their relations with such addiction.Our study aim was to reveal how variables that may have separate effects on internet addiction predict such addiction as an integral whole.The variables that emerge are important in terms of determining the profiles of internet-addicted individuals and of use as additional indicators of addiction. Materials and MethodsThe research was designed as a cross-sectional survey.The research data were collected from students at primary, middle, and high schools in the province center of Trabzon in the Black Sea region of Turkey in the 2018 academic year.The measurement tools were applied to 8651 students attending 122 schools from the three academic stages.Data were collected using a survey and the Internet Addiction Scale.Results As a result of the research, children's current internet addiction status was evaluated and 17% of the children in the sample were determined to be internet-addicted.However, a high level of risk of addiction was also observed (39.8%).Also, variables associated with themes predicting internet addiction, such as 'ownership of and access to technology, ' 'the family, ' 'use control' 'activities/hobbies' , 'peer/friend influence' and 'purpose of use' were established by making particular use of the previous literature, and relations were examined in a holistic manner. ConclusionIn the fight against internet addiction risk factors, family, student and environmental factors should be addressed.