“Today’s children are tomorrow’s citizen”. The future pillars of the nation and future of the nation rests on the hands of the children health today. School children being more active and adventuresome, they are prone to falls, sports injury, drowning, vehicle accidents, etc. At this age, children may think they are invincible and that accidents and injuries happen to other people and not to them. First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by non-expert, but trained personnel to a sick or injured person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed. It is important to know First Aid so that you can be a help to yourself or others that may be injured. Every school establishment shall have as a minimum one member of staff who is a trained first aider and two emergency first aiders in the work place. In our study Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design and quantitative evaluative research approach was undertaken among school teachers in Radiant International School and Rajdhani Public School, Sonapur, Kamrup (M), Assam. The sample consisted of 62 school teachers and convenience sampling technique was adopted to select the samples. The tools used for data collection was demographic proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire regarding selected first aid measures. The objective of the study is to assess the effect of structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding selected first aid measures among school teachers. The results showed that there was marked increase in post-test knowledge. In knowledge,the mean post-test knowledge score (22.76) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (13.35) and mean difference between the pre-test and post-test score was 9.41. The calculated ‘t-value’ was 4.10 and p value was 0.000062 at 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that the structured teaching programme regarding selected first aid measures was effective in improving the knowledge of school teachers. The present study concluded that structured teaching programme (STP) regarding selected first aid measures has an effect in enhancing the knowledge among school teachers. Hence, the structured teaching programme can be utilized by school teachers to provide first aid measures in emergency situation and prevent its complication among school children.

Background and objective:ToAssesstheknowledge gain after use of aSelfInstructionalModuleonGlasgow Coma Scale among the nurses working in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. The aim of the study was to determine the existing knowledge on Glasgow Coma Scale and the impact of Intervention regarding the Glasgow ComaScale in terms of knowledge enhancement. Methods: Pre-experimental One group pre-test post-test evaluative study comprising 40 nurses selected with lottery method was done with a Questionnaire. On the first day pre test was conducted using knowledge questionnaire regarding Glasgow Coma Scale and the Self Instructional Module were then given to the respondent on the same day after completion of the pre test. The post test was conducted on the 8th day. Results: The study findings revealed that mean pre-test knowledge score was 12.600 with SD 4.754 and mean post-test knowledge score was 17.425 with SD 3.478 with calculated t (39) = -10.339, p< 0. 05indicates that there was statistically significant increase in the post knowledge score. Findings of the study also indicated that there was statistical significant association between pre -test knowledge score of staff nurses with selected socio- demographic variables like age and working experience (p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of thestudy has increased the level of knowledge among the nurses after the administration of Self- Instructional Module. Therefore, it is to be concluded that the present study participants benefited by Self Instructional Module(SIM).

As a profession nursing has progressed significantly over the years and today the nurses have roles and responsibilities as a manager and educator in both academic and clinical settings. Nurses are working with a multidisciplinary team and are undertaking collaborative research with other disciplines. Assertiveness is an essential skill the nurse requires to be competent in decision-making and function efficiently in these varied settings.

The will to survive is very essential for someone to keep himself struggle until he survives a dreadful situation. This perfectly matches with a case of a man surviving an accident. A 35 year old man met with an accident and fell into a ditch with his motorbike on top of him and the handle of the motorbike pressed his vocal cord. Nobody noticed him falling into the ditch nor could he shout for help. He was all alone by himself in an isolated area where no help will arrive unless somebody sees him. He fell on the ground where the area of the soil under his head was raised which made even harder for him to move his head and free his vocal cord. To save himself he dug out the soil under his head so that he could move his head by creating some space by reducing the bumpiness of the soil. After digging out the soil for several hours he finally could move his head and free his vocal cord too. He shouted for help and soon some people gathered there who took him to the hospital. The victim suffered cervical injury, bruises and cuts on his body along with psychological trauma. Keywords: will power, survival, struggle, accident, dreadful situation.

Alcoholism is now becoming a major problem of all the nations. Approximately 2.5 million die each year from the harmful use of alcohol accounting for about 4 % of all deaths in the world. Because of these problems created by alcoholism, the study was conducted with the aim to create awareness on effects of alcoholism among adolescence students of higher secondary students of Mizoram as a preventive program.An evaluative research approach was adopted with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample comprised of 100 students selected by using lottery method from three higher secondary schools in Aizawl, Mizoram. The tool was developed and reliability of the tool was established by Pearson’s covariance co-efficient i.e. 0.87.The teaching programme was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge of students as evidenced by‘t’ (99) = 27.13, p < 0.05. The study also reports that there was significant association between pre-test knowledge score with mother’s education as evident from p = 0.020 at 0.05 level of significance, but no significant association between pre-test knowledge score and other selected demographic variables were found.: The planned awareness programme was an effective method to increase the knowledge of the students. Mother’s education played an important role in educating their children towards effects of alcoholism. The study can be implicated in practical nursing field for health promotion and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol related disorders.

Knowledge of first aid, which constitutes life-saving treatments for injuries or unexpected illnesses, is important for every individual at every age. First aid and basic life support are so important that teaching basic first aid should be compulsory in all schools. According to world health organization (WHO), injuries related to traffic accidents were ninth among the first 10 causes of global disease burden in 1990. They are expected to be ranked in third place after ischemic cardiac disease and unipolar major depression in 2020. Basic first aid training prepares students to react to situations and provide immediate, efficient management for a wide variety of incidents. Providing of knowledge and training about correct management of injuries and illnesses to students is important to improve their health knowledge which in turn may lead to healthy and save life. It is necessary to strengthen school health services through full participation of teachers and educators, providing them training sessions and update them by regularly interacting with them. Literature demonstrates that the widespread dissemination of first aid may have benefits for injury prevention in terms of reducing traffic crashes, lowering rates of workplace incidents, and increasing safety awareness. The present study revealed a perceived need for knowledge regarding first aid among school students and thus advocates that first-aid education should be made compulsory in school syllabus. It is reasonable to conclude that the ultimate goal of the first aid is neither to treat, nor to diagnose, but to stabilize the patient.

Varicose veins have been recognized as chronic disorder since ancient times. Varicose veins are tortuous, distended and bulging veins (varicosities) beneath the skin of the legs. Nurses are at a greater risk of developing varicose vein in their lifetime which they are always neglecting. It has a great effect on the lower limbs. This descriptive study involved a total of 185 staff nurses with presence or absence of varicose vein along with possible risk factors and preventive practices adopted by them assessed in seven selected hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam. Statement:“A Study to Assess the Prevalence, Risk Factors and Preventive Practices of Varicose Vein among the Staff Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam”. Materials and Methods: A quantitative survey approach with descriptive correlational survey design was considered to be appropriate for this study. The setting chosen was seven randomly selected hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam and a total of 185 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were chosen by using proportionate simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS version 21.Result: The findings of the study revealed that prevalence of varicose vein was 9.2 percent. Among the risk factors of varicose vein predominantly seen was working in prolonged standing position(79.5%) which had a positive impact on developing varicose vein. Regarding different preventive practices of varicose vein, majority of staff nurses (89.2%) were wearing flat shoes. Again according to the level of preventive practices majority of the staff nurses (60%) had moderately adequate level of practice. Other major findings were significant relationship found between prevalence of varicose vein and family history [OR= 6.65, 95% CI 2.23-19.87], history of pregnancy/delivery [OR= 4.00, 95% CI1.35-11.89], prolonged standing [OR= 2.12, CI 95% 1.46-9.68], less physical activity[OR= 7.68, 95% CI 1.70-34.63],overweight [OR= 4.20, 95% CI 1.46-12.10] and high blood pressure [OR= 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.93]. However, among all the preventive practices OR showed that prevalence of varicose was 2.31 times higher in the subjects who were not maintaining BMI in normal range. Study also revealed significant association between prevalence of varicose vein and demographic variables i.e., age [χ(2df) =32.062;P= 0.003], marital status [χ(1df) =15.119; P=0.004], Weight (Kg)[χ(3df) =9.559; P= 0.023], BMI, [χ(1df) =23.74; P=0.00014], shift duty hours per day [χ(1df) =6.992; P=0.008] and total years of clinical experience [χ(2df) =11.273; P=0.009]. Present study also reported significant association between preventive practices towards varicose vein among the staff nurses with marital status [χ(2df) =22.45; P=0.0013] and BMI [χ(2df) =12.092; P=0.002].Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated prevalence of varicose vein among the staff nurses was almost equal with the worldwide prevalence rate and prolonged standing positionwas most frequently found predominant risk factor. Most common preventive practices as observed in the study were using flat shoes, maintain normal body weight and avoid prolonged standing. However, maximum subjects adopted moderately adequate preventive practices. This study indicated that nurses can modify and improve their working condition as well as they may follow correct practices to prevent varicose vein so that they can maintain a healthy lifestyle. Therefore planned teaching programme and appropriate strategies on prevention of varicose vein are highly recommended in the setting in order to impart adequate knowledge to prevent development of varicose vein.

The first case of COVID-19 reported in December 2019 from the Wuhan city, China. As on 26 May 2020 the confirmed cases globally reached to 5,404,512 and 343, 514 deaths, whereas India has 138,845 confirmed cases and 4,021 deaths. The first COVID-19 case in North East India was detected on 24 March 2020 in Manipur in a 23 years old student returned from UK. As on 26 May 2020, Assam has 526, Tripura has194, Manipur has 39, Meghalaya has 14, Mizoram had 01,Arunachal Pradesh has 02, Sikkim has 01, and Nagaland has 03 confirmed cases. The government of India, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared a nationwide Lockdown on 24 March 2020 till 17 May 2020.Due to prolonged lockdown entire Northeast India is facing many difficulties and challenges. About 12.2 Crore people in India including Northeast lost their jobs in the month of April. There have been huge lose in the tea Industry, tourism Industry, agriculture and rural economy etc. Lockdown has also led to technological reform in the Northeast states. It has significantly improved people efficiency towards the use of Technology. To beat COVID-19; it is very essential that people maintain discipline and abide by the rules even after the lockdown. It is very important that people practice frequent hand washing and social distancing.

Stress has been considered as a major issue of concern in 21st century and this has been documented widely among the nursing students but the use of effective coping methods can facilitate them to return to a balanced state. Although the body of evidence is growing on stress over the world, there is very little in the literature to know the relationship between stress and coping among the nursing students of Assam. Researchers conducted this study by using quantitative approach and descriptive survey design among 120 students, selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Standard tools such as Perceived Stress Scale and Coping Response Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by using Software SPSS 16.0 version. Study results showed that majority (70.00%) of the students had moderate stress, 64.5% of students had average coping. Results also showed that no significant associations of stress as well as coping were found with selected demographic variables. The results further revealed that there was positive correlation of stress with acceptance or resignation, emotional discharge and negative correlation with problem solving, cognitive avoidance and positive reappraisal. The study concluded that students need to learn effective stress management techniques and healthy coping strategies in order to reduce the stress as well as maintains overall wellbeing. Keywords: Physical health, Psychological wellbeing, Academic performance, Demographic variable, Nursing college.

The persons with schizophrenia undergo altered behaviour in their lifespan. The near relatives have to experience many crisis conditions while caring for them. The family members suffer high levels of emotional exhaustion while caring for a mentally ill patient. The study was conducted with the aim to assess the burden of care and coping of family members of a patient with schizophrenia in the Psychiatry department of Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India. The interview schedules the standardize tool Burden Assessment Schedule to assess the burden and Brief COPE Inventory to assess the coping was selected. The Data was collected from 60 family members of a patient with schizophrenia by using a convenience sampling technique. The study result revealed that the majority (60%) had moderate and 21.7% had mild and 18.3% had the severe burden of care. Moreover, the majority of the family member (73.3%) had moderate coping followed by16.7% had inadequate and least (10%) of the study population had an adequate level of coping. There was no significant correlation established between the burdens of care and coping among the respondents. The study confirms the general impression that there is a considerable amount of burden among the family members of schizophrenic patients. The nursing personnel should plan some burden reduction program and adoption of healthy coping for the family members of schizophrenia patients as a part of nursing care.

gender sharing of drudgery by male and female farmers in agricultural activities-an assessment among plain tribe of Lakhimpur district of Assam

Background: Nurses were facing various challenges and barriers while conducting a nursing research and communicating research findings into practice. The study aims to explore those barriers and challenges. Methods: A descriptive study that applied quantitative and qualitative research methods of data collection was adopted for the study. Data were collected through a Likert scale and open ended questionnaire from 116 registered nurses of India. Quantitative portion of the tool were analyzed by using SPSS version 18.0 and Qualitative portion analyzed by using thematic analysis. Results: Most of the nurses (63.8%) occasionally looks for new literature. 39.7% nurses strongly agree that there is inadequate manpower. There is lake of authority of the nurses in changing patient care procedure (37.9% strongly agree). According to 44.8% nurses, nursing expert often differ in their opinion related to methodology. Thematic analysis of the open ended questionnaire showed that nurses faced problems related to organizational factor, resource related problem, knowledge and competency related problem and communication problem. In organizational factor most of them found ethical constrain as a major barrier; whether resource related factors include all money, material and manpower issues. Different opinion of nursing expert confuses the nurses and they found difficulty in getting related literature. Conclusion: The study result shows that, nurses faced barriers and challenges of conducting nursing research and communicating research findings into practice. Barriers are mainly related to poor organizational support, resources, different opinion of experts on methodology, communicating findings into journal because of high payment, and lake of literature.

24Jan 2018 A REVIEW ON CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EXISTING NURSING RESEARCH FINDINGS. Gitumoni Konwar. Ph. D., M.Sc. (Medical Surgical Nursing), PG Diploma (Hospital & Health Management) Associate Professor, Regional College of Nursing, Guwahati-32, Assam, India.

Background: Metabolic abnormalities contribute enormously to morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia. Objectives: Our objectives were to determine the (i) prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS); and (ii) predictors for MS in schizophrenia patients from Assam. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five schizophrenia patients were evaluated for MS. Risk factors were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Fifty-nine patients (78.7%) had a metabolic abnormality. Twenty-two patients (29.3%, 95% CI: 19.9%–40.8%) fulfilled the criteria for MS. Female gender (adjusted OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 1.7–36.4), smoking (adjusted OR = 7.9, 95% CI: 1.7–35.8), family history of chronic lifestyle disease (adjusted OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.3–15.2), and atypical antipsychotic use (adjusted OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.1–16.9) significantly predicted MS. Conclusion: Metabolic abnormalities exist widely in schizophrenics from Assam. Females, smokers, and those with family history of chronic diseases and using atypical antipsychotics are at greater risk.

Background: As family is an integral part of patients’ care, they are often the ones who determine satisfaction of care provided, as well as with the overall critical care experience. This is always observed that family members of patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) are typically in a state of strain and tension that leads to fear and anxiety. This study was undertaken to assess anxiety level among family members attending ICU patients, and to find out the association between anxiety level and demographic variables of family members. Materials and method: The study was conducted in selected ICU of Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati. Conveniently selected 100 family members whose near relatives were admitted in ICU and attending the patients at least for three days from admission constitute the sample. They underwent standardised self-evaluation questionnaire to assess the anxiety level and data analysis was performed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings of the study suggested that out of 100 family members majority (54%) had high level of anxiety followed by moderate level of anxiety (31%) and least (15%) had low level of anxiety. There was significant association between anxiety level of the family members and selected demographic variables such as age (p-value 0.034), sex (p-value 0.000) and occupation (p-value 0.000). Conclusion: Family members attending ICU patients showed moderate to high level of anxiety and also showed significant association between anxiety level and selected demographic variables. Anxiety can be improved by nursing activities that help them to achieve coping ability, enhanced functional pattern, and improve psychosocial wellbeing.

Background: The psychosocial factors have an influence on health related quality of life (HRQOL). Considering the importance of the relationship between psychological problems and HRQOL in caring for and promoting the welfare of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, this study evaluated HRQOL and impact of psychosocial factors in HRQOL. Materials and method: The study was conducted in Pulmonary Medicine Department of Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Assam, India. COPD patients who have FEV1/FVC<70% predicted were included in the study. They underwent St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to measure HRQOL and pretested interview schedule for psychosocial factors. Results: Most affected domain was activity with mean (SD): 63.21 (22.86) followed by symptom 43.87 (19.87), least was impact with mean (SD): 34.79 (16.35) and SGRQ total score was 47.19 (19.39). Out of 280, majority of the cases (42.14%) had moderate impairment of psychosocial factors followed by severe impairment (33.93%). The psychosocial factor showed positive moderate correlation with HRQOL (p<0.01). The correlation coefficient for total score of HRQOL with anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, fatigue, and total were 0.434, 0.492, 0.233 0.469, and 0.372, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with COPD showed significantly reduced HRQOL. HRQOL was positively correlated with psychosocial factors. HRQOL can be improved by nursing activities that help them to achieve coping ability, enhanced functional pattern, and improve psychosocial wellbeing. Thereby these individuals could be rejuvenated as a productive component of the family and society.

Background: Cancer, the second most common cause of death, has become a major health problem. Depression is the most common psychological problem encountered in patients with cancer. The coping skills adopted may affect the mental health of patients. Therefore, this research is undertaken to assess the level of depression and coping strategy adopted by the patients diagnosed with cancer. Materials and methods: A descriptive study to assess the level of depression and coping strategy adopted by cancer patients receiving treatment in Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Aizawl was carried out from April to May 2014 with 30 convenient samples. Depression was assessed by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983. Coping strategy adopted by patients were assessed by revised version of the Ways of Coping Checklist developed by Folkman and Lazarus in 1985. Results: Findings of the study showed that depression was universal to all the cancer patients. Majority of cancer patients (66.5%) had moderate depression while 13.26% of the cancer patients had severe depression, and only 6.7% of them reported to have low depression. The most effective coping strategy adopted was reappraisal, followed by distancing. There is significant correlation between depression and reappraisal (r=-0.538, p<0.002), and also with depression and acceptance (r=-0.415, p<0.022) strategies. Conclusion: As depression is universal to all cancer patients, use of appropriate coping strategy is very essential to improve their quality of life. The recognition of coping strategies by health team may enable appropriate information and interventions to be provided at optimal times for each individual.