Among thermochemical conversion technologies—including gasification and pyrolysis—primary pyrolysis plays a crucial role as the initial reaction stage. However, the diverse properties of feedstocks and the complexity of reaction mechanisms pose significant challenges for validating kinetic models and selecting appropriate parameters. In this study, we propose a graphical analysis approach using Pseudo-Master Curves (PMCs) as an intuitive method for evaluating kinetic models and parameters in the primary pyrolysis of various organic materials. In particular, the PMCs concept originally developed for coal pyrolysis is extended to plastics, and its applicability is demonstrated within a unified framework for both single-step reaction systems and systems with multi-parallel reactions, enabling visual discrimination of model suitability and parameter consistency. Thermogravimetric pyrolysis experiments were conducted, including those at a relatively high heating rate of 100 K min-1. When the assumed kinetic model and activation energy are appropriate, data from multiple heating rates converge onto a single curve, allowing the reaction order and frequency factor to be identified. This graphical procedure clarifies the workflow of parameter identification compared with the commonly used trial-and-error approach.

Recycling is crucial for sustainable resource management including heterogeneous and contaminated waste fractions such as those derived from composite materials. This study examines the potential application of pyrolysis of a plastic-rich heterogeneous fraction from an advanced mechanical recycling cascade of refrigerators as a representative example of challenging waste streams from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques are used for feedstock and pyrolysis product characterization. A screw reactor on pilot-scale is used to derive pyrolysis mass balances and to evaluate product yields. The organic condensate with a yield of 64 wt% is rich in styrene and lower aromatics. After further upgrading and separation, aromatic base chemicals and other fractions derived from the organic condensate could substitute fossil feedstocks in the chemical industry. The gas fraction yielding 13 wt% could also be suitable for producing basic chemicals after post-processing. Solid residues enriched with fillers and metals which account for 19 wt% of the pyrolysis products offer recycling opportunities although detailed concepts for pollutant removal and filler reuse remain to be validated. This study highlights the potential of pyrolysis for chemically recycling heterogeneous plastic-rich waste by presenting insights into feedstock and pyrolysis product characterization and by indicating sustainable recycling pathways.

Pyrolysis oils are the crucial link between waste and chemicals in plastic recycling via pyrolysis. Oils from mixed plastic waste pyrolysis are complex mixtures of organic compounds typically containing impurities of nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine. Therefore, their characterization is challenging. This study presents a tailored twodimensional gas chromatography method supporting in-depth analysis of the chemical composition. It covers a boiling range from the naphtha cut to the middle distillate. These fractions represent the preferred feedstocks to be substituted by plastic pyrolysis oils in the future. The oil characterization is complemented by elemental analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and simulated distillation. The enhanced separation by twodimensional chromatography results in significantly higher resolution than conventional one-dimensional methods. The most relevant oil compounds can be clustered, distinguished, and quantified based on compound grouping. Depending on the boiling range of the pyrolysis oils, 77 wt% to 96 wt% of the sample composition can be elucidated. Detecting main heteroatom-containing species such as benzoic acid, epsilon-caprolactam, acetophenone, and various aromatic nitriles provides detailed information for further pyrolysis oil utilization. The combination of the developed method with common analyses offers an advanced approach to evaluate the reintegration of contaminated mixed plastics oils into existing petrochemical value chains.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 95, Issue 7 p. 1182-1182 VorschauFree Access Vorschau: Chem. Ing. Tech. 8/2023 First published: 21 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.202370706AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume95, Issue7Special Issue: KEEN – Artificial Intelligence Incubator Labs in the Process IndustryJuli 2023Pages 1182-1182 RelatedInformation

Catalytic pyrolysis of post-industrial and post-consumer waste is studied in an auger-type reactor at pilot scale by applying two different zeolites and an amorphous silica-alumina catalyst in-situ at 400-550 & DEG;C. Contrary to thermal pyrolysis, of polyolefin-rich waste, high gaseous pyrolysis product yields of approx. 85 wt % are achieved with C-2-C-4 olefin contents of up to 67 wt %. After deactivation by coke deposition catalyst regeneration is proved feasible for maintaining the gaseous product yield and composition. Waste feedstocks with significant nitrogen and halogen heteroatom content are not suitable for in-situ catalytic pyrolysis.

•Preparation of the catalytic ceramic filter material for CO, VOC oxidation and NO2 reduction.•Assessment and characterization of the catalyst crystal structures in the catalytic ceramic fiber filter material.•Assessment of the performance of the catalytic ceramic fiber filter material in terms of CO, VOC oxidation and NO2 reduction.•Long-term activity of the catalytic filter material for CO oxidation.

Tar in the product gas of biomass gasifiers reduces the efficiency of gasification processes and causes fouling of system components and pipework. Therefore, an efficient tar conversion in the product gas is a key step of effective and reliable syngas production. One of the most promising approaches is the catalytic decomposition of the tar species combined with hot syngas cleaning. The catalyst must be able to convert tar components in the synthesis gas at temperatures of around 700 °C downstream of the gasifier without preheating. A Ni-based doped catalyst with high activity in tar conversion was developed and characterized in detail. An appropriate composition of transition metals was applied to minimize catalyst coking. Precious metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, or a combination of two of them) were added to the catalyst in small quantities. Depending on the hot gas cleaning system used, both transition metals and precious metals were co-impregnated on pellets or on a ceramic filter material. In the case of a pelletized-type catalyst, the hot gas cleaning system revealed a conversion above 80% for 70 and 110 h. The catalyst composed of Ni, Fe, and Cr oxides, promoted with Pt and impregnated on a ceramic fiber filter composed of Al2O3(44%)/SiO2(56%), was the most active catalyst for a compact cleaning system. This catalyst was catalytically active with a naphthalene conversion of around 93% over 95 h without catalyst deactivation.

A catalyst with a high activity in tar conversion, impregnated on the ceramic hot gas filter material was developed. The aim of the experiments was to estimate the light-off temperature of the catalytic filter elements for naphthalene (tar model compounds) conversion and the long-term catalytic stability at a temperature of 700 °C. Configuration of the catalyst was optimized through improvements in coking resistance and long-term stability. The composition and morphology parameters of the filter material were considered. Both the impregnation methods and the composition of the impregnation solution were investigated and validated. The catalyst composed of Ni, Fe, Cr oxides, promoted with Pt (AlSi-Cat43-Pt), and impregnated on the ceramic-fiber filter composed of Al2O3(44%)/SiO2(56%) was found to be the most active catalyst. The designated catalyst was catalytically active at temperatures of about 700 °C, with a naphthalene conversion of around 93% over 95 h without catalyst deactivation. We found that the steam and gas compositions had an influence on the catalytic activity of the filter elements. The same catalytic filter was catalytically active for 115 h at a low concentration of H2O (10 vol%) and H2 (3 vol%) with a naphthalene conversion of 98% at 790 °C without significant deactivation.

Palladium membranes were prepared on large tubes (80 mm diameter and 150 mm length) of porous stainless steel supports (PSS) using a modified electroless plating technique. The morphology of the palladium layer was found to be depending on the container material of the coating apparatus. The use of PMMA resulted in compact palladium layers with smooth surfaces whereas PTFE led to inhomogeneous palladium coating with rough surface. Two different ceramic materials and coating methods were used to prepare an intermediate layer needed to prevent intermetallic diffusion between the palladium and the support at elevated temperatures. Wet powder spraying of TiO2 followed by sintering resulted in a smoother surface than atmospheric plasma spraying of YSZ, thus allowing for a thinner palladium coating. Pd/TiO2/PSS membranes showed about 4 times higher hydrogen permeances than Pd/YSZ/PSS membranes as a consequence of higher palladium thickness and lower porosity of the ceramic intermediate layer. The selectivity against nitrogen was comparable for both membranes. However, the YSZ intermediate layer showed better stability at elevated temperatures. Two membrane tubes were applied in the membrane reformer, which produced hydrogen successfully from a gas-to-liquid (GtL) fuel.

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) of Pd nanoparticles was evaluated as a new method for coating of dense Pd films for H2 separation on porous substrates. The substrates were prepared by coating porous sinter metal disks with a porous yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer acting as a barrier against intermetallic diffusion between the sinter metal and the Pd membrane (diffusion barrier layer, DBL). Before applying the Pd coating, the sinter metal substrates were characterized by N2 permeance measurements. The maximum pore sizes before and after coating of the DBL were determined. For SPS of Pd, particles with diameters in the range between 250nm and 550nm were suspended in ethyl cellulose containing diethylene glycol monobutyl ether solution. A wide process parameter field was tested in the SPS. After Pd coating, the membrane morphology was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and the membrane performance was evaluated with N2 and H2 permeation measurements. The thickest Pd layer (9.5µm) showed an ideal H2/N2 permselectivity of 60 at 350°C and a H2 permeability of 1.2×10−7exp(−1392/T) molm−1s−1Pa−0.5. Yet rather thick Pd layers of around 10µm were required to close the pores of the rough YSZ layers, but with further optimizations, SPS appears to be a promising new way for the fabrication of robust Pd coatings on porous substrates. A particular advantage is seen in the very quick deposition.

In 2009 cooperation between Plansee SE, Austria (PSE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany (KIT) and the Engineering Division of Linde AG, Germany (LE) was set up with the aim to develop new tubular palladium composite membranes and a membrane reformer system for small scale on-site hydrogen production.This paper presents for the first time in detail KIT and LE laboratory results of the new membranes. They are composed of a porous metal support, a porous ceramic diffusion barrier and a dense Pd layer which was produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD) as an activation step and two additional methods: electroless plating (ELP) and electro plating (EP).Ideal H-2/N-2-permselectivities between 700 and almost 10,000 were measured at 600 degrees C and hydrogen transport kinetic parameters were determined for both membrane types. PVD/ELP-membranes reached a 15% higher H-2-permeability than PVD/EP-membranes. Moreover, stability tests were carried out indicating that the membranes are resistant to temperature and feed gas changes, to thermal cycling in N-2-atmosphere between room temperature and 650 degrees C, and to short-term high-temperature methane steam reforming (MSR) at 700 degrees C. Long-term operation for several hundred hours at realistic operating conditions proved that MSR can be performed without degradation of the membranes. Without optimizing membrane area versus feed load, a maximum methane conversion of 60% was achieved at a H-2-recovery of 70% at 650 degrees C, 16 bar(a) and a S/C of 3 without the use of sweep gas. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 84, Issue 8 p. 1227-1227 VortragFree Access Wasserstoff-Produktion mithilfe eines kompakten Membranreformers Dr. A. Behrens, Corresponding Author Dr. A. Behrens axel.behrens@linde-le.com Linde AG, Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Straße 6–14, D-82049 Pullach, GermanyLinde AG, Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Straße 6–14, D-82049 Pullach, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB. Dittmar, B. Dittmar Linde AG, Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Straße 6–14, D-82049 Pullach, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. T. Franco, Dr. T. Franco Plansee SE, A-6600 Reutte, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Rüttinger, M. Rüttinger Plansee SE, A-6600 Reutte, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorProf. R. Dittmeyer, Prof. R. Dittmeyer KIT, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. G. Straczewski, Dr. G. Straczewski KIT, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Dr. A. Behrens, Corresponding Author Dr. A. Behrens axel.behrens@linde-le.com Linde AG, Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Straße 6–14, D-82049 Pullach, GermanyLinde AG, Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Straße 6–14, D-82049 Pullach, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB. Dittmar, B. Dittmar Linde AG, Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Straße 6–14, D-82049 Pullach, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. T. Franco, Dr. T. Franco Plansee SE, A-6600 Reutte, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Rüttinger, M. Rüttinger Plansee SE, A-6600 Reutte, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorProf. R. Dittmeyer, Prof. R. Dittmeyer KIT, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. G. Straczewski, Dr. G. Straczewski KIT, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 July 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201250052AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume84, Issue8Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2012 und 30. Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenAugust, 2012Pages 1227-1227 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 84, Issue 8 p. 1238-1239 VortragFree Access Entwicklung eines GtL-Dampfreformers mit Metallmembran für die Kombination mit einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle in APU-Anwendungen H. Beyer, Corresponding Author H. Beyer h.beyer@zbt-duisburg.de Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanyZentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Felden, I. Felden Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. A. Heinzel, Prof. Dr. A. Heinzel Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Steffen, M. Steffen Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. R. Dittmeyer, Prof. Dr. R. Dittmeyer Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. G. Straczewski, Dr. G. Straczewski Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. J. Thormann, Dr. J. Thormann Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. T. Melin, Prof. Dr. T. Melin RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Turmstraße 46, D-52056 Aachen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Völler-Blumenroth, J. Völler-Blumenroth RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Turmstraße 46, D-52056 Aachen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. M. Wessling, Prof. Dr. M. Wessling RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Turmstraße 46, D-52056 Aachen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author H. Beyer, Corresponding Author H. Beyer h.beyer@zbt-duisburg.de Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanyZentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Felden, I. Felden Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. A. Heinzel, Prof. Dr. A. Heinzel Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Steffen, M. Steffen Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Straße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. R. Dittmeyer, Prof. Dr. R. Dittmeyer Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. G. Straczewski, Dr. G. Straczewski Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. J. Thormann, Dr. J. Thormann Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. T. Melin, Prof. Dr. T. Melin RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Turmstraße 46, D-52056 Aachen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Völler-Blumenroth, J. Völler-Blumenroth RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Turmstraße 46, D-52056 Aachen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. M. Wessling, Prof. Dr. M. Wessling RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Turmstraße 46, D-52056 Aachen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 July 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201250177AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume84, Issue8Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2012 und 30. Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenAugust, 2012Pages 1238-1239 RelatedInformation