对烟台种子企业、研发、规模和管理的现状进行了分析,指出了烟台种业发展具备优越的自然资源、浓厚的育种历史沉淀、强大的产业实力和育种力量等优势因素,但也存在种业领军型人才缺乏、生物育种能力薄弱和种子品牌建设滞后等弱势因素;在体制机制、体系建设、品牌发展等方面提出了具体对策,以期为烟台现代种业良好发展提供参考.

To determine the planting density, sowing date and fertilization level of two Chinese cabbage varieties, taking'Jinlai Qiubai 2'and'Jinlai Qiubai 6'as test materials, we studied the effects of row spacing, sowing date and fertilization condition on the agronomic traits. The test results showed that, under the 50 cm lining spacing of'Jinlai Qiubai 2'and'Jinlai Qiubai 6', the best row spacing was 40 cm and 45 cm, respectively. The two Chinese cabbage varieties could be planted from early July to later August, whilst keeping high yield. Planting between July 15 to August 15, net vegetable production could reach 75 t/hm2 or more. The fertilizer application level of N, P and K had an important effect on the yield of Chinese cabbage. The yield increasing effect of N was more than that of K, and the fertilization effect of P was not obvious.

通过烟台市种子市场监管现状,结合当前现代种业发展给种子市场带来的深刻变化,分析了当前种子监管工作中遇到的主要问题,提出了现阶段种子市场监管工作的相应对策.

Using the main popularized maize variety Zhengdan 958 as material,the effects of different cropping patterns on harvesting efficiency and yield formation of summer maize were studied in 2010 -2013. The results showed that the effects of fertilization pattern on harvesting efficiency by machinery of Zhengdan 958 were not significant.Under the cropping pattern of 60 -cm row spacing,the harvesting efficiency by ma-chinery and yield of Zhengdan 958 were both the highest.For the 3 kinds of harvesting machineries,Jinyichu-nyu had the highest harvesting efficiency and Leiwogushen had the lowest loss rate.

鲁星糯1号是莱州市鲁丰种业有限公司以N46119为母本、B108为父本组配而成的鲜食白糯玉米杂交种。于2012年通过山东省农作物审定委员会审定，审定编号：鲁农审2012014号；2015年通过了国家审定，审定编号：国审玉2015045号。该品种具有产量高、适应性强、抗逆性好、穗大粒多、口感粘甜清香的特点，市场前景良好，适宜河北、山东、河南、江苏北部、安徽北部、山西南部、陕西关中灌区作鲜食糯玉米种植。

Taking Jinlai Qiubai 6 as test material,the effects of different planting densities,sowing dates and fertilization conditions on the agronomic traits of Chinese cabbage were studied in this paper.The results showed that the best planting density was in the range of 3 000 ~3 500 plants per 666.7m2 with the row spac-ing as 40 cm and the line spacing as 50 cm.The Chinese cabbage variety Jinlai Qiubai 6 could be planted from July to August whilst keeping higher yield.With the delay of sowing date,the growth period became lon-ger,and the incidence of viral diseases,downy mildew and soft rot disease decreased.The combined application level of N,P and K had important effects on the yield of Jinlai Qiubai 6.The yield increasing effect of N was larger than that of K,and that of P was the lowest.When the application rate of N,P and K was 1∶0.4∶0.8, the yield of Jinlai Qiubai 6 reached the highest.

早衰小麦功能叶片从开花后自叶尖开始失绿坏死,缩短了后期功能叶片的光合时间,降低了光合效率,严重影响其子粒产量.以从小偃54×8602的F8高代品系中分离出的早衰和正常小麦近等基因系为试验材料,研究了二者的主要农艺性状差异及生育后期的光合作用,结果表明:早衰小麦的光合能力与同化产物的积累均比正常小麦低.研究早衰小麦的生理生化和遗传基础,对于理解小麦早衰成因、选育高产小麦品种具有重要的理论和实践意义.

以黄淮海地区玉米对照品种郑单958为试材,于2010和2011年研究了不同种植模式对夏玉米收获效率及产量形成的影响,结果表明:(1)侧向施肥种植模式下,郑单958根系广度大,抗倒伏能力强,且产量高于正向施肥模式;(2)施肥方式对郑单958的机械收获效率影响不显著;(3)行距为60cm的种植模式下,郑单958的产量显著高于55cm和65cm的行距模式,且郑单958的机械收获效率在60cm模式下最高.

玉米植株叶片发红在田间极为常见,主要发生在玉米的苗期和抽雄至灌浆期.叶片失绿变红,减少了叶片的光合面积,降低了光合速率,如果叶片进一步干枯,就会缩短叶片的光合时间,从而影响玉米的光合能力,最终影响玉米产量.从发病特点来看,玉米红叶一般有病毒性、低温冷害型、缺素型、虫害型及遗传性玉米红叶等几种类型.

2011年,国务院出台八号文件《关于加快推进现代农作物种业发展的意见》,把农作物种业提升到国家战略性、基础性核心产业的高度.全国农业科研机构及种业公司以此为契机,进行了重新洗牌和资源整合.种业新政通过体制改革和机制创新,加强农作物优良品种的保护力度,完善种子基地建设,加大研发投入,加速种业商业化育种进程；通过兼并重组,整合优势种业资源,深化科企合作,扶持“育繁推一体化”企业,快速提升企业研发能力,为企业做大做强开辟了绿色通道,中国种业的春天即将到来.

In 2012,corn production in China surpassed rice and became the No.1 grain crop.Corn plays an increasingly important role in grain production and national economy.Exploring the establishment of a new system for commercialization of corn breeding and industrialization of seed production has become an important issue facing China's corn seed industry.This paper compared the seed industry development at home and abroad,analyzed the existing problems in the commercial corn breeding and gaps between China and other countries.And pointed out the opportunities,challenges and development trend for China's seed production industry.

试验比较了登海605和郑单958的灌浆特性.结果表明:登海605的灌浆时间长于郑单958,灌浆速率显著大于郑单958;登海605的穗行数、行粒数、千粒重均显著高于对照品种郑单958;登海605平均单产较郑单958增产12.1％.

研究了由烟台斯达农业科技有限公司生产的纳米锌肥对玉米的增产效果,以期为玉米补充锌肥寻找到一条新途径。

以保绿性品种金海5号和非保绿性品种浚单20为试验材料,研究氮肥调控对不同保绿性超高产夏玉米产量及光合特性的影响.结果表明:(1)保绿性玉米较非保绿性玉米花后叶面积指数大,叶面积持续期长,群体光合势大,是增产的主要因素；(2)整个籽粒灌浆期间,氮肥调控对不同保绿性玉米均正向增加灌浆速率最大时的生长量和最大灌浆速率,有效增加籽粒灌浆积累量(籽粒干重)；(3)非保绿性玉米干物质积累特性变化、叶面积指数变化、穗位叶净光合速率变化、籽粒灌浆积累量变化受氮肥调控作用比保绿性玉米显著；(4)通过大田试验并结合数学计算,建议推广种植保绿性玉米,达到13 382.11 kg/hm2超高产量,应施纯N271.56 kg/hm2.

玉米在适宜种植密度基础上再增加密度,其产量的增减除与品种本身遗传特性有关外,很大程度上还取决于当年的气候状况,若当年气温适宜,光照充足,雨量充沛,适当增加密度可能会提高产量,反之会降低单位面积产量.