Objective To investigate the safety and mid-term efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) in less than 65-year-old Chinese patients with resistant hypertension.Methods In the prospective cohort study,the patients with resistant hypertension were continuously enrolled to undergo RDN between November 2012 and November 2014 using LEPU single-electrode ablation catheter.The primary effectiveness endpoints were reductions in office blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (24h-ABP) at six months.The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major adverse event through 6 months.Results A total of 50 consecutive patients,aged between 26 and 62 years old (41.9 ± 10.6),were enrolled,in which 18(36.0％) were female.At six months after RDN,the office blood pressure and 24-h ABP were separately reduced by (23.7±14.5)/(11.5 ± 7.9) mm Hg and (11.1±8.5)/(7.1±6.2) mm Hg,with the reduction of the number of antihypertensive agents from 4.0 (4.0-4.0) at baseline to 4.0 (3.0-4.0) (all P＜0.001).There was no significant change of renal function (P＞0.05) and no major adverse events occurred.Only one patient suffered from femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with no sequelae.Conclusion RDN is safe and effective in lowering blood pressure in the less than 65-year-old Chinese cohort with resistant hypertension.

Currently, almost all adrenal venous sampling (AVS) procedures are performed by femoral vein access. The purpose of this study was to establish the technique of AVS via an antecubital approach and evaluate its safety and feasibility.

Objective: To investigate how intensive lipid lowering affects renal function when compared with standard lipid lowering in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis undergoing renal artery stenting. Design and method: Between June 2013 and December 2014, a total of 150 patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis undergoing renal artery stenting were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive intensive lipid lowering [the goal of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL- C<1.8 mmol/L] or usaul lipid lowering (the goal of LDL -C 1.8∼3.3 mmol/L). All patients received rosuvastatin. LDL-C was adjusted to the goal within two months and appropriate treatment was maintained. No significant difference existed in the treatment regimens other than lipid-lowering therapy between the two groups. The primary end points were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio at 6 months. The secondary end points were the number of antihypertensive medications, the clinic blood pressure, the restenosis rate, cardiovascular clinical events at 6 months. Results: The baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between two groups. At 6 month follow-up, LDL-C was lower in the patients with intensive lipid lowering than with usual lipid lowering[(1.51 +/− 0.32) vs (2.32 +/− 0.47) mmol/L, P < 0.01]; eGFR [(92.0 +/− 29.3) versus (79.5 +/− 19.4) mL/(min/1.73 m2), P < 0.01] and the increase of eGFR [16.7(3.6–24.6) vs 1.5(−9.5–8.7) mL/(min/1.73 m2), P < 0.01] were higher in the patients with intensive lipid lowering than with usaul lipid lowering;urinary albumin-creatinine ratio[45.3(19.8–64.0) vs 55.4 (26.0–121.8) mg/g, P = 0.037] was lower and the decrease of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio was higher[31.7(2.3–54.4) vs −6.6 (−17.6–31.1) mg/g, P < 0.01] in the patients with intensive lipid lowering than with usaul lipid lowering. In term of secondary end points, the number of antihypertensive medications and the clinic blood pressure decreased in both the two groups. But there was no significant difference between the two groups. The restenosis rate and major clinical events were similar between two groups. Conclusions: In patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis undergoing renal artery stenting, renal function is improved greater in the intensive lipid lowering group than in the usaul lipid lowering group.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes of simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting (sbCAS) compared with unilateral CAS (uCAS). Methods: The database in our institution was queried to identify all patients treated with CAS from January 2005 to December 2012. In this time frame, 120 (18.8%) patients (mean age 64.9±7.7 years; 96 men) underwent sbCAS and 517 (81.2%) patients (mean age 65.7±7.7 years; 421 men) received uCAS. The primary endpoint was the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 30 days or any ipsilateral stroke within 1 year. Results: There was no significant difference in the rates of the primary endpoint between the sbCAS and uCAS groups (6.7% vs 4.6%, p=0.358). The rates of the primary endpoint among symptomatic patients was 8.0% in the sbCAS group and 5.0% in the uCAS group (p=0.299) and 3.1% and 4.0%, respectively (p=0.821) among asymptomatic patients. During the 30-day periprocedural period, the rates of the primary endpoint did not differ significantly between the sbCAS and uCAS groups among all patients (5.8% vs 4.4%, p=0.479), symptomatic patients (6.8% vs 5.0%, p=0.594), or asymptomatic patients (3.1% vs 3.5%, p>0.999). After this period, the incidences of any ipsilateral stroke were similarly low (0.8% and 0.2%, respectively; p=0.342). Conclusion: The study showed that simultaneous bilateral CAS had no more adverse events than unilateral CAS during the periprocedural period or within 1 year. This 1-stage strategy may become a valuable alternative in the treatment of patients with severe bilateral carotid stenosis.

透射比是评价格兰泰勒棱镜性能优劣的一个重要指标,分析了偏振干涉成像光谱仪中重要偏光部件即格兰泰勒棱镜的分光机理,运用光线追迹方法,推导出了晶体光轴不平行时棱镜透射比精确理论计算公式；通过计算机模拟对其传输特性进行了详尽分析,得出了系统透射比随晶体光轴倾斜角和波长变化的关系曲线；给出了在满足系统透射比条件下格兰泰勒棱镜晶体光轴误差被限定的有效区间范围.这一结论为偏振干涉成像光谱仪的优化设计提供了理论指导和技术支持.

Objectives To evaluate the safety of carotid artery stenting (CAS) before open heart surgery (OHS) and to explore the effect of risk factors on the incidence of the main cardiovascular events. Methods In a prospective cohort study, clinical data of all patients underwent CAS before OHS in Fuwai Hospital from January 2005 to December 2009 were collected. The end points (stroke, myocardial infarction and death) from time of CAS to 30 days after OHS were assessed and the effect of risk factors on the main cardiovascular events was analysed. Results A total of 120 consecutive patients scheduled for CAS and OHS, mean age 65.6±10.9 year, male 81.7%, were recruited. The procedural success rate of CAS was 99.2%. Cerebral protection devices were used in 134 lesions (99.3%). In them, 12 patients were treated with simultaneous bilateral carotid stenting. The rate of major stroke, myocardiac infarction and death from time of CAS to 30 days after OHS was 3.4%, 2.5% and 3.4% respectively. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the severity of coronary heart disease and interval time of CAS and OHS were independent predictors of the main cardiovascular events. Furthermore, the incidence of the main cardiovascular events was lowest while OHS was performed in 6∼30 days after CAS. Conclusions This study indicated that CAS before OHS was safe and effective. The severity of coronary heart disease and interval time of CAS and OHS were independent predictors of the main cardiovascular events.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and outcome of endovascular therapy for complex arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, the clinical data of consecutive 114 cases with TASC II type C/D lower extremity obstructive disease and clinical stage of Fontaine ≥ IIb and ankle brachial index <0.9 underwent endovascular therapy from December 2011 to January 2013 were collected. Telephone or clinic interviews were conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes. RESULTS There were 39 TASC II type C patients and 75 TASC II type D patients, 78 patients were in Fontaine IIb, 30 patients in Fontaine III and 6 patients in Fontaine IV stages. Immediate procedural success rate was 94.9% (131/138). Ankle brachial index was increased from 0.54 ± 0.26 at baseline to 0.83 ± 0.30 at discharge (P < 0.01). No adverse event was observed during the perioperative period. During (15.7 ± 8.7) months follow-up, cumulative patency rate of 6, 12 and 18 months was 75.8% (94/124) , 68.7% (68/99) and 39.2% (20/51) respectively and limb salvage rate was 100%. CONCLUSION Endovascular therapy for complex arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities is effective and safe.

It is important to evaluate public satisfaction of e-Government (electronic government), because public satisfaction influences public psychology and activities in the dummy environment of e-Government. Further, the public attitude affects the management of government and whether the e-Government is successful. However, the existing study on public satisfaction of e-Government was very little, and on the whole they were qualitative or short of mathematical analysis. In this paper, based on the analysis of characteristics of the public activity and emotion, the basic antecedents affecting public satisfaction on e-Government were built. Furthermore, Structural Equation Model (SEM) principle was applied to put forward the e-Government public satisfaction structure model. And the public satisfaction index on e-Government was constructed. The methods to measure the relationship of each antecedent were also illustrated. The structure of e-Government public satisfaction evaluation system is constructed. The work of this paper is of important meaning to e-Government organizers and psychology researchers both in realism and academic study.

BACKGROUND:A few recent studies have reported that inflammation is associated with the prognosis of acute aortic dissection (AD). There is, however, no systemic investigation regarding the role of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) levels in predicting in-hospital clinical events of acute type A AD.METHODS:The levels of high-sensitivity CRP and WBC counts were systemically determined after admission in 36 patients with acute type A AD. The variations of plasma CRP and WBC levels in different time windows (admission, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 days) in patients with acute type A AD were analyzed between patients with events and without events.RESULTS:During hospitalization, five patients died, and increased levels of CRP and WBC were found in patients died with acute type A AD compared with patients survived (P < 0.01, respectively). Medical treatment may significantly decrease inflammatory response in survived patients with acute type A AD. Additionally, patients with complication of pleural effusion showed higher CRP and WBC levels (P = 0.046, P = 0.018, respectively). Lower WBC levels were found in survived patients treated medically (P = 0.001). Moreover, mean CRP and WBC levels had positive correlations with aortic diameter (r = 0.364, P = 0.000; r = 0.333, P = 0.000, respectively) and age (r = 0.270, P = 0.000, respectively), while negative correlations with the time from onset of symptoms to hospital admission (r = -0.229, P = 0.000, r = -0.200, P = 0.002, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years, CRP ≥ 12.05 mg/L, WBC ≥ 12.16 × 10(9)/L, aortic diameter ≥ 48 mm, pleural effusion and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 105 mmHg were associated with hospital mortality. While CRP ≥ 12.05 mg/L, WBC ≥ 12.16 × 10(9)/L, aortic diameter ≥ 48 mm were strongly associated with hospital mortality in multiple Logistic regression analysis.CONCLUSIONS:The results suggested that CRP and WBC were preferred markers for predicting the clinical events in patients with acute type A AD, especially death during hospitalization. Therefore, further study enrolling larger cohort, prospective study would be warranted.

Objectives To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of selective stenting as treatment for renovascular hypertension caused by aortoarteritis. Methods In a prospective cohort study in our hospital from January 2003 to October 2008, 53 consecutive patients with renovascular hypertension (renal artery diameter reduction≥60%) caused by aortoarteritis, aged 14–63 (34.1±13.2) years old, male 18 (34.0%), underwent selective stenting (SS) for residual stenosis≥50% or dissection after plain balloon angioplasty (PTA). The patients were followed up for 6–72 months and the effects of the procedure on blood pressure, renal function and cardiovascular events were observed. Results The success rate of SS was 98.1%. During follow-up, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and less antihypertensive medication was taken (P<0.05). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen kept normal (P>0.05). There was no severe complication related with the procedure. 10 patients failed to follow up (18.9%). There was no cardiovascular events. Conclusions Selective stenting was an alternative therapy for suboptimal outcomes or failure after PTA, which was as effective as optimal PTA. However, long-term outcomes in such patients should be investigated further.

As the results of the psycho-scales are single and simple, we attempt to apply the semi-parameter stochastic frontier model in econometrics, which developed from the stochastic frontier linear model and combined linear regression and non-parameter regression, to psycho-measurement. By means of this innovation, we can overcome the shortcomings of traditional psycho-scale we stated above and make the individual who receives the psycho-measurement much clear about his proportional level of the people who also get the same psycho-scale tests. Via this model, we find the multidimensional data exist, and the multidimensional data are the basis of the higher research, so the storage, operation, structure about the multidimensional data are required, to achieve an efficient decision-making.

BACKGROUND:The haplotypes in the gene vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) have been found to affect warfarin dose response through effects on the formation of reduced-form vitamin K, a cofactor for gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which is involved in the coagulation cascade and has a potential impact on atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that VKORC1-dependent effects on the coagulation cascade and atherosclerosis would contribute to susceptibility for vascular diseases.METHODS AND RESULTS:To test the hypothesis, we studied the association of polymorphisms of VKORC1 with stroke (1811 patients), coronary heart disease (740 patients), and aortic dissection (253 patients) compared with matched controls (n=1811, 740, and 416, respectively). Five common noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms of VKORC1 were identified in a natural haplotype block with strong linkage disequilibrium (D'>0.9, r2>0.9), then single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +2255 in the block was selected for the association study. We found that the presence of the C allele of the +2255 locus conferred almost twice the risk of vascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] .58 to 2.41, P<0.001 for stroke; OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.38, P<0.01 for coronary heart disease; and OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.48, P<0.05 for aortic dissection). We also observed that subjects with the CC and CT genotypes had lower levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (a regulator for the bone), probably vascular calcification, and lower levels of protein induced in vitamin K absence or antagonism II (PIVKA-II, a des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin) than those with TT genotypes.CONCLUSIONS:The haplotype of VKORC1 may serve as a novel genetic marker for the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and aortic dissection.

This paper applies dynamic specification approach and error correction model form to construct a quarterly foreign trade model of China at the aggregate level for the period of 1992-2004. The empirical results indicate China’s imports and exports depend on each other both in the long run and short run, which reflects the special and importance role of processing trade in China. Imports respond to exports and gross domestic production (GDP) in the long run. Imports, world trade and relative price of exports are significant in exports’ long run equilibrium. Experiments with an appreciation of Chinese Yuan are simulated in this paper.

To compare the effects of an alpha, beta blocker, arotinolol, in the treatment of essential hypertension between patients with a dipper and those with a non-dipper profile by means of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), a multicenter single blind parallel trial was carried out in five clinical centers. After a one-week single blind placebo run-in period, the patients underwent ABPM if their clinic diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ranged from 90-109 mmHg and their clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) was <180 mmHg. They were divided into two groups according to the absence (non-dipper group, 24 cases) or presence (dipper group, 23 cases) of nocturnal BP reduction > or =10% of daytime BP. ABPM was measured again at the end of the active treatment phase. All patients were given Arotinolol 10-20 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. Twenty four-hour systolic and diastolic average BPs (MSBP, MDBP), 24-h systolic and diastolic blood pressure load (LS BP, LDBP), daytime systolic and diastolic average BPs (dMSBP, dMDBP), daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure load (dLSBP, dLDBP), nighttime systolic and diastolic average BPs (nMSBP, nMDBP) and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure load (nLSBP, nLDBP) were calculated. Arotinolol was effective in 78.2% of dippers and 54.2% of non-dippers, but the difference in effectiveness between these groups was not statistically significant. After treatment, SBP and DBP-including 24-h, daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic BPs- were significantly reduced in both groups. During the daytime period, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced in both dippers and non-dippers, while nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced only in the non-dipper group. No significant changes were found in the dipper group over this period. In conclusion, Arotinolol, which can be dosed twice daily, is an effective antihypertensive agent which effectively lowers blood pressure during the day while reducing nighttime blood pressure more in non-dippers than in dippers, without excessive lowering blood pressure in the latter.