Osteoporosis is a widespread chronic metabolic bone disease. It has developed into a severe public health problem, especially for older people. Preventing fractures caused by osteoporosis and enhancing patient experiences require early identification of bone mineral loss. The commercially available technologies for diagnosing osteoporosis are costly and may trigger cell mutation. Therefore, non-invasive treatments have received great attention. This work explores the potential of employing optical collimated transmittance at 660, 785, and 980 nm to monitor progressive mineral loss in EDTA-treated chicken bone samples. Over the course of six weeks, 20 samples (10 diaphysis and 10 epiphysis) were measured weekly. Transmittance was elevated following demineralisation, particularly at 980 nm, which increased by 190%. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis produced area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.834 to 0.996 (95% CI), demonstrating strong discrimination between baseline and demineralised states. These results show that near-infrared optical transmission is sensitive to mineral loss and has the potential to be used for low-cost bone assessments. Although EDTA-induced demineralisation does not fully recreate the complicated pathophysiology of clinical osteoporosis, this simplified model serves as a preliminary platform for assessing optical signals associated with mineral loss.

In the pursuit of novel and effective therapeutic strategies, this study investigates the effects of hesperidin nanoparticles (HSP NPs), either alone or in combination with Carbidopa-levodopa (CLD), in a reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: control, PD model, PD model + HSP NPs, PD model + CLD, and PD model + HSP NPs + CLD. Behavior was assessed by the open field and grip strength tests. Monoamine levels, oxidative stress, enzyme activity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed in two brain areas; midbrain and striatum. Untreated rats exhibited motor deficits, a significant decrease in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels, along with an increase in oxidative stress markers, monoamine oxidase, and acetylcholinesterase activities in both the midbrain and striatum compared to control values. Treatment with CLD or HSP NPs resulted in elevated levels of monoamines, restoring enzyme activity, and mitigating oxidative stress with partial improvement in motor activity. The combination of HSP NPs and CLD significantly restored Biochemical parameters in the midbrain and striatum, and decreased midbrain AChE activity. These findings underscore the potential of HSP NPs in mitigating neurochemical and behavioral alterations induced by reserpine in the rat PD model. According to the present promising preclinical data, HSP NPs could be investigated on other models of PD to ensure their antiparkinsonian effects. These preclinical results may represent a primary step toward using HSP NPs in human investigation.

Improving seed germination is essential for enhancing crop establishment under increasingly variable environmental conditions associated with climate change. Magnetic field (MF) treatment represents a clean, non-chemical, and sustainable seed-priming approach; however, frequency-dependent biological responses remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the responses of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) to static (DC) and low-frequency alternating magnetic fields (5, 10, and 15 Hz) across different exposure durations. Germination parameters (percentage, speed, vigor index), physiological traits, and activities of key hydrolytic and antioxidant enzymes (α-amylase, protease, catalase) were assessed. Furthermore, the molecular expression of the stress-responsive superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the cytoskeletal actin genes was analysed. MF significantly enhanced germination percentage (up to a 25% increase), mean germination time, and vigor indices compared to the untreated controls. Physiologically, treated seedlings exhibited higher antioxidant defense levels. At moderate frequencies, catalase activity increased, while α-amylase and protease were markedly elevated at higher frequencies, enabling reserve mobilization and stress tolerance. At the molecular level, sod transcripts were down-regulated across all MF treatments compared to the control, indicating a functioning oxidative stress response. These findings demonstrate that MF frequency modulates the integration of physiological (enzyme-driven metabolism) and molecular (antioxidant gene regulation) pathways to optimize during aniseed germination. This research provides mechanistic insights and presents low-frequency MF as a viable seed priming for sustainable crop improvement under dynamic environments.

The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs), administered alone or in combination with levodopa/carbidopa (L/C), against reserpine-induced neurochemical alterations and motor dysfunction in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Animals were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: a control group, a reserpine-induced PD group, and PD groups treated with QNPs, L/C, or their combination. Motor performance was assessed using the open-field and grid traction tests. Reserpine administration induced marked motor impairments accompanied by significant reductions in dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) levels in both the striatum and midbrain. These neurochemical deficits were associated with elevated monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), enhanced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and increased nitric oxide (NO) levels in both brain regions. Additionally, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased in the midbrain but elevated in the striatum. Treatment with QNPs significantly restored monoamine levels and normalized MAO and AChE activities. Moreover, QNPs markedly attenuated oxidative stress and improved motor performance in reserpine-treated rats. Similarly, L/C administration effectively reversed monoamine depletion, normalized enzymatic activities, and mitigated oxidative stress. Notably, combined treatment with QNPs and L/C produced effects comparable to those observed with either treatment alone, suggesting a lack of additive or synergistic interaction. These findings demonstrate that QNPs exert a significant neuroprotective effect against reserpine-induced motor dysfunction and neurochemical disturbances, supporting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinsonian pathology.

In the originally published article entitled "Cardioprotective Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Loaded Niosomes Nanoparticles - Against Doxorubicin Toxicity in Rats", published in "Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology" Vol: 26 Issue: 2 [1]. Certain phrases and expressions were unclear, which may have affected readability. These have now been revised to improve clarity and ensure that the intended meaning is accurately conveyed. The corrections do not affect the results, interpretations, or conclusions of the article. The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/141252 Details of the error and a correction are provided here. ORIGINAL: 2.3. Preparation of MOE-loaded Niosomes (MIO-NIO) Niosomal Moringa oleifera leaf extract was created using a process called thin film hydration. In a circular flask, a mixture of Tween 80 (10 μl) and cholesterol (3 mg) in a 2:1 ratio was dissolved in 5 ml of ethanol. CORRECTED: 2.3. Preparation of MOE-loaded Niosomes (MIO-NIO) Niosomal Moringa oleifera leaf extract was created using a process called thin film hydration. In a round-bottom flask, a mixture of Tween 80 (10 μl) and cholesterol (3 mg) in a 2:1 ratio was dissolved in 5 ml of ethanol. The author apologizes for any inconvenience caused.

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent anticancer drugs that has ubiquitous usage in oncology; however, its marked adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity, are still a major clinical issue. Plant extracts have shown cardioprotective effects and reduced the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Method: The current study is intended to explore the cardioprotective effect of ethanolic Moringa oleifera extracts (MOE) leaves loaded into niosomes (MOE-NIO) against DOXinduced cardiotoxicity in rats. MOE niosomes nanoparticles (NIO-NPs) were prepared and characterized by TEM. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, NIO, DOX, DOX+MOE, DOX+MOE-NIO, MOE+DOX, and MOE-NIO+DOX. DOX (4 mg/kg, IP) was injected once per week for 4 weeks with daily administration of MOE or MOENIO (250 mg/kg, PO) for 4 weeks; in the sixth and seventh groups, MOE or MOE-NIO (250 mg/kg, PO) was administered one week before DOX injection. Various parameters were assessed in serum and cardiac tissue. Pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO have mitigated the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX as indicated by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase - MB(CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac Troponin 1(cTn1) and lipid profile. MOE-NIO also alleviated lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitrosative status (NO), and inflammatory markers levels; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) obtained in DOX-treated animals. Additionally, ameliorated effects have been recorded in glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity. MOE-NIO effectively neutralized the DOXupregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), and DOX-downregulated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions in the heart. Results: It is concluded that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO could protect the heart against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and by the elevation of tissue antioxidant status. Conclusion: Thus, it may be reasonable to suggest that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO can provide a potential cardioprotective effect when doxorubicin is used in the management of carcinoma.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide and is characterized by systematic changes in brain oscillatory activity. This study aimed to identify reliable electrophysiological markers of PD by analyzing electrocorticography (ECOG) recordings from control and reserpine-induced Parkinsonian rat models. ECOG signals were recorded at 1000 Hz from 13 control and 13 PD animals and segmented into 10-second epochs. Frequency analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and power spectral density (PSD) was performed across the 0–500 Hz range. Low-frequency peak analysis and band power assessments within 0–50 Hz were conducted using independent samples t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. The PD group consistently exhibited significantly greater theta, alpha, and beta band power compared to controls, while delta power remained unchanged. These findings suggest that increased low- and mid-frequency band power may serve as potential electrophysiological markers for Parkinson’s disease, supporting the application of systematic spectral ECOG analysis in PD detection and research.

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disorder marked by widespread pain, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction, often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Despite existing treatments, none address the underlying mitochondrial defects. This study investigates the potential of viable exogenous mitochondria, isolated from H9C2 (2-1) myocardial cells, as a preclinical therapeutic and regenerative intervention for FMS in a reserpine-induced fibromyalgia rat model. Three doses (0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/kg) of mitochondria were prepared and characterized using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and flow cytometry for their integrity and viability. The different doses were intravenously administered in reserpine-induced FM female rats to determine the optimal therapeutic dosage. Key findings demonstrated dose-dependent effects on FM-related markers such as nociceptive response latency, blood serum assays, oxidative stress biomarkers, and neurotransmitter levels. A biodistribution study revealed preferential accumulation of mitochondria in affected tissues, such as the brain and soleus muscle, suggesting targeted delivery and potential regenerative effects. These findings provide preliminary preclinical evidence supporting mitochondrial transplantation as a novel and effective regenerative therapy for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction in fibromyalgia, suggesting a promising direction for future research on interventions targeting chronic pain and metabolic dysfunction.

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, significantly impacting patient health and quality of life. This study explores the neuroprotective effects of combining Eugenol (EUG), a natural bioactive compound administered at 100 mg/kg, with photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive low-level laser therapy at 830 nm wavelength and 100 mW power, in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling rat model of epilepsy. Fifty-nine adult male Wistar rats were assigned to five experimental groups: Control, PTZ (epilepsy model), PBM, EUG, and EUG + PBM. Seizure severity was assessed using a modified Racine scale following each PTZ injection. The study also evaluated cortical and hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, and GSH), activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na + K + -ATPase, and monoamine neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, and NE). The results demonstrated that EUG and PBM, both individually and combined, significantly reduced seizure severity, mitigated oxidative stress, restored enzyme activities, and elevated BDNF levels. The combined treatment yielded superior neuroprotective effects compared to individual interventions, emphasizing its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for epilepsy management.

Natural remedies have emerged as promising alternative or complementary therapies for combating depression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hesperidin (HSP-NPs) and quercetin (QUR-NPs) nanoparticles on oxidative stress markers, enzyme activities, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and monoamine levels in the cortex and hippocampus of a reserpine-induced rat model of depression. The depression model was established by administering reserpine (0.2 mg/kg) to the animals for 25 days. On the 26th, rats were administered i.p. with reserpine (0.1 mg/kg) and oral isotonic saline solution for another 21 days. Following reserpine administration, the animals exhibited a significant reduction in nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) levels. Additionally, a significant decrease in Na, K,ATPase activity and a significant increase in acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were observed in the cortex and hippocampus as compared to the control group of animals. Treatment with either HSP-NPs and QUR-NPs for 14 days mitigated the oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus. The treatments restored the changes Na, K,ATPase, and MAO, AchE activities in the two brain regions. Notably, QUR-NPs was superior in alleviating the adverse changes induced by reserpine concerning monoamines and BDNF levels. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of HSP-NPs and QUR-NPs in mitigating the underlying etiology of depressive symptoms rat model. Further investigations are warranted to exploAuthorre the potential synergistic effects of hesperidin and quercetin when used in combination at different doses and treatment durations.

The pathogen Nocardia seriolae is responsible for causing chronic granulomatous disease, known as fish nocardiosis, which has been observed in more than 40 species of fish cultured in marine and freshwater environments. Therefore, it is imperative to perform research to address and eradicate this substantial threat to the aquaculture industry. However, quantifying the negative impacts associated with this species is difficult because of insufficient data and underreporting. While several genomes are available in online databases, there is still a lack of comparative genomic analyses and studies on effective treatments, which is particularly important for aquaculture. To gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with various Nocardia strains causing disease outbreaks and their virulence components, as well as the functional enrichment and genetic diversity during infection, it is crucial to develop a dependable and replicable pangenomic dataset. This study quantified Nocardia pangenome openness and discovered the biological processes that drive it. The study also found a substantial association between pangenome openness and numerous parameters such as genomic plasticity, gene synteny, single-copy phylogenomics, and pangenome prediction. The results showed genetic similarity across strains, indicating that the pangenome of this species is moving toward completeness. The diversity was supported by the similarity analysis, which revealed a high percentage of genes in the core genome and close association among the strains. Our findings provide valuable information and emphasize the necessity of sequencing novel genomes of N. serioale isolates to gain a deeper understanding of their diversity and patterns of adaptability.

Cardiotoxicity, which leads to irreversible myocardial damage, is a major adverse effect associated with chemotherapy. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an inexpensive, rapid, and simple tool that may provide valuable diagnostic information pertinent to cardiotoxicity. An automatic interpretation and classification of the ECG signals by machine learning algorithms is considered superior to human interpretation of the ECG which may not be able to early detect subtle alterations in the ECG and vary according to the experience of the specialist. The present work aimed at using different machine learning algorithms to classify ECG signals recorded from doxorubicin-injected rats. Rats were divided into four groups and each group was intraperitoneally injected with different cumulative doses of doxorubicin (0, 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg). ECG signal classification depended on multiple features that were extracted from the recorded signals under different conditions. K nearest-neighbors' algorithm achieved higher classification accuracy (99.83%) than random forest (99.56%), decision tree (99.54%), artificial neural network (99.50%), and support vector machine (99.38%). Furthermore, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity was validated via a histopathological examination of the left ventricle that indicated significant pathological alterations in the cardiac tissue. The present findings emphasized the potential of the machine learning-based enhanced detection of cardiotoxicity and validated the dose-dependent toxicity of doxorubicin in the cardiac left ventricle. This approach might be applicable clinically to avoid cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy-treated patients.

Effective mosquito management strategies are crucial to minimize the number of mosquito-borne diseases. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are promising in mosquito control because they are effective and eco-friendly rather than synthetic insecticides. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of SeNPs on the detoxification enzymes, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and α-carboxyl esterase (α-CarE), in larval instars of Culex pipiens complex at the LC50 concentration. In 3rd instar larvae treated with microwave-assisted selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-MW) and gamma-assisted selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-G), it was found that AChE activity was significantly inhibited. On the other hand, significant increases in GST and α-CarE activities were observed. Additionally, genotoxic and ultrastructure studies of midgut epithelial cells in 3rd instar larvae revealed DNA damage and cell lysis, including destruction of the cell membrane, microvilli, and nuclei. These findings suggest that SeNPs have an adverse effect on AChE gene expression, resulting in its downregulation. This downregulation can be attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by SeNPs that can modulate the host defense mechanism leading to apoptosis and subsequent larval mortality. The present study was the first to use phyto-microwave-assisted and gamma-assisted synthesis of SeNPs which provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution to reduce the risk of chemical insecticides. Furthermore, an integrated pest management program (IPM) using nanocides can be successfully developed for mosquito control.

Healtcare-associated infections have increased due to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Gram-negative pathogens (GNPs) and the development of outbreacks over the past two decades. In this work, we investigated how exposure to positive electric pulses affects the growth characteristics of Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia), a common cause of pneumonia. We explored the impact of varying exposure frequencies (0.2–2 Hz) and time (15–90 min, at resonance frequency) on bioelectric signals produced during cell division, biofilm formation, and bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Our research found that an extremely low-frequency pulsed electric field (ELF-PEF) significantly inhibited K. pneumonia growth. Specifically, exposure to 0.8 Hz for one hour increased the antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumonia to inhibitors of cell wall formation, proteins, β-lactamase, DNA, and other substances. We also noticed a notable decrease in K. pneumonia biofilm development exposed to ELF-PEF. Our results suggest that the interaction of K. pneumonia cells with ELF-PEF at the specified frequency and time alters cellular activity and bacterial structure. This technique may be used in the future to treat K. pneumonia infections both in vitro and in vivo. • Extremely low-frequency pulsed electric fields inhibit the growth of K. pneumonia. • ELF-PEF increases antibiotic susceptibility and reduces biofilm formation in K. pneumonia. • ELF-PEF showed potential for treating K. pneumonia infections.

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin for the purpose of enhancing its medical application, particularly in the field of cancer treatment. Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, was encapsulated within noisomes, which are lipid-based nanocarriers known for their ability to efficiently deliver drugs to target sites. Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, was used to coat the surface of the noisomes to improve their stability and enhance drug release properties. The synthesized chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin was subjected to various characterization techniques to evaluate its physicochemical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a spherical structure with a diameter of 500-550 +/- 5.45 nm and zeta potential of +11 +/- 0.13 mV with no aggregation or agglomeration. Chitosan-coated noisomes can loaded doxorubicin with entrapping efficacy 75.19 +/- 1.45%. While scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed well-defined pores within a fibrous surface. It is observed that chitosan-coated niosomes loading doxorubicin have optimum roughness (22.88 +/- 0.71 nm). UV spectroscopy was employed to assess the drug encapsulation efficiency and release profile. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) helped determine the thermal behavior, which indicated a broad endotherm peak at 52.4 degrees C, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided information about the crystallinity of the formulation with an intense peak at 23.79 degrees. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the formation of new bonds between the drug and the polymer. The findings from this study will contribute to the knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the synthesized formulation, which is crucial for ensuring its stability, drug release kinetics, and biological activity. The enhanced chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin has the potential to improve the effectiveness and safety of doxorubicin in cancer treatment, offering a promising strategy for enhanced medical applications.

Photocatalytic degradation has gained significant attention in treating water as an eco-friendly method and cost-effective solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most efficient and non-toxic photocatalysts used in water treatment. The main obstacle facing TiO2 being applied on a large scale is requiring high light energy, mainly in the ultraviolet region (only 5

Columnaris disease continues to inflict substantial losses among freshwater cultured species since its first description one hundred years ago. The experimental and anecdotal evidence suggests an expanded range and rising virulence of columnaris worldwide due to the warming global climate. The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are particularly vulnerable to columnaris. A recently developed live attenuated vaccine (17-23) for Flavobacterium columnare (now Flavobacterium covae sp. nov.) demonstrated superior protection for vaccinated catfish against genetically diverse columnaris isolates. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and patterns of immune evasion and host manipulation linked to virulence by comparing gene expression changes in the host after the challenge with a virulent (BGSF-27) or live attenuated F. covae sp. nov. vaccine (17-23). Thirty-day-old fry were accordingly challenged with either virulent or vaccine isolates. Gill tissues were collected at 0 h (control), 1 h, and 2 h post-infection, which are two critical time points in early hostpathogen interactions. Transcriptome profiling of the gill tissues revealed a larger number (518) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in vaccine-exposed fish than those exposed to the virulent pathogen (321). Pathway analyses suggested potent suppression of early host immune responses by the virulent isolate through a higher expression of nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoR) responsible for antagonizing macrophage and T-cell signaling. Conversely, in vaccinated fry, we observed induction of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), responsible for clearing NCoR, and commensurate up-regulation of transcription factor AP-1 subunits, c-Fos, and c-Jun. As in mammalian systems, AP-1 expression was connected with a broad immune activation in vaccinated fry, including induction of CC chemokines, proteinases, iNOS, and IL-12b. Relatedly, divergent expression patterns of Src tyrosine kinase Lck, CD44, and CD28 indicated a delay or suppression of T-cell adhesion and activation in fry exposed to the virulent isolate. Broader implications of these findings will be discussed. The transcriptomic differences between virulent and attenuated bacteria may offer insights into how the host responds to the vaccination or infection and provide valuable knowledge to understand the early immune mechanisms of columnaris disease in aquaculture.

This study aims to prepare, characterize, and evaluate zinc oxide nanoscaffolds (ZnO NSs) as a potential anticancer drug that selectively targets malignant cells while remaining non-toxic to normal cells. Electrospun NSs were fabricated and loaded with varying concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The uniform morphology of the fabricated samples was confirmed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) imaging. Elemental composition was investigated using Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were assessed using the (3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. The water uptake and degradation properties of the electrospun NSs were also examined. Furthermore, a cumulative release profile was generated to assess the release behavior of ZnO NSs. The prepared ZnO NSs demonstrated negligible toxicity toward normal human dermal cells. Conversely, the four used concentrations of ZnO NSs displayed substantial cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. The observed effects were concentration-dependent. Notably, ZnO NSs 8% exhibited the most significant reduction in cell viability against the MCF7 cell line. The findings from this study indicate the potential of ZnO NSs as an effective anticancer agent, with the ZnO NSs 8% demonstrating the most pronounced impact. This research introduces a novel application of electrospun zinc oxide nanoscaffolds, demonstrating their capacity for selective anticancer activity, particularly against breast carcinoma, while preserving normal cell viability. The study presents a significant advancement in the use of nanomaterial for targeted cancer therapy.

Background: This study aims to compare the performance of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in treating laryngeal cancer.Method: In this retrospective dosimetric study, 15 patients diagnosed with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (LALC) were selected. The dosimetric performance of the two techniques was analyzed using 6 MV X-rays, based on dose-volume histograms for primary and boost planning target volumes (PTVp and PTVb, respectively), relevant organs at risk (OARs), mean Dose (Dmean), maximum Dose (Dmax), 95% Dose (D95), 2% Dose (D2%), 5% Dose (D5%), monitor units per segment (MU/segment), number of MU/cGy, treatment delivery time, along with conformity and homogeneity indices.Results: Both techniques were able to achieve favorable equivalent uniform doses and low doses to OARs. The average total number of monitor units for IMRT was significantly greater than that for VMAT (1724.5 +/- 249.5 and 475.3 +/- 47.0, respectively for PTVp and 601.4 +/- 81.7 and 458.0 +/- 62.6, respectively for PTVb). The modulation factor (MU/cGy) of IMRT was significantly greater than that for VMAT for both the primary and the boost phases. The mean treatment delivery time for all cases of IMRT was significantly longer than that of VMAT.Conclusion: The primary distinction between IMRT and VMAT in the treatment of LALC is that VMAT requires significantly fewer monitor units (one-third) compared with IMRT. This reduction contributes to a decrease in treatment time, which in turn positively impacts patient comfort and the accuracy of treatment.