Mahasiswa Pendidikan Magister Psikologi Profesi (Mappro) yang sedang melaksanakan Praktik Kerja Profesi Psikologi (PKPP) rentan mengalami stres akademik. Stres dipengaruhi oleh dua hal penting, yaitu resiliensi akademik berperan sebagai mediator antara welas diri dengan stres akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi resiliensi sebagai mediator welas diri dan stres akademik pada mahasiswa Mappro yang sedang melaksanakan PKPP di Indonesia. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 90 mahasiswa Mappro yang aktif melaksanakan PKPP. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari skala Welas Diri, Skala Stres Akademik, dan Skala Resiliensi Akademik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan resiliensi akademik menjadi variabel mediator parsial pengaruh Welas Diri terhadap stres akademik. Kata kunci: resiliensi akademik; welas diri; stres akademik

An essential component of case-based reasoning (CbR) is the similarity function. The existence of incorrect similarity values, one of the primary issues of similarity function, occurs when two cases seem to have a lot in similarity but actually differ greatly from one another. The aim of this study is to suggest a fuzzy similarity function that might be used with CbR, which has been executed in three primary phases. Firstly, a knowledge base is created. Secondly, the inference engines are created. To determine fuzzy similarity values, the proposed approach employs Graded Mean Integration Representation (GMIR), which takes into consideration the impact of each evidence on the case. Finally, model testing is determined by comparing GMIR with the additive function and additive weighting and using them as the sensitivity test. A comparison of similarity methods was carried out using the k-NN, Euclidean, and Pearson similarity. Expert evaluation carries out external validity checking. The degree of similarity between the CbR output solution and the expert solution is determined using the Intuitive Fuzzy Weighted Arithmetic Mean (IFWAM). The results demonstrate that the GMIR function applied with thresholds of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 provides the fewest instances of similar cases when compared to the additive and additive weighting approaches. GMIR is able to provide a variety of alternatives using the threshold value. IFWAM performs 93.33

Perundunganberdampak pada kesehatan mental siswa yang menjadi korban. Penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan korelasi pola asuh dengan perundungan. Telaah lebih lanjut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil antara penelitian-penelitian tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian metaanalisis ini untuk menguji asosiasipola asuh(demokratis, permisif, dan ototriter)dengan perundungan berdasarkan hasil-hasil korelasional antara pola asuh danperundungan yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti. Laporan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yang terbit antara 2010 sampai dengan 2019 dari data baseTaylor and Francis, ProQuest, ScienceDirect,dan Portal Garuda. Berdasarkan diagram PRISMA, dari 233 penelitian diperoleh 18 data sekunder dengan karakteristiksampel yaitu siswa dan mahasiswa. Pola asuh demokratis dengan perilaku perundungan ditemukan tidak berkorelasi (Zr= -0,0970 dengan CI: -0,204 –0,01; p>0,05) dan menunjukkan bias publikasi yang tinggi (fail-safeN= 16), sedangkan pola asuh otoriter dan perundungan berkorelasi positif(Zr= 0,280 dengan CI:0,195 –0,365; p < 0,01) dan menunjukkan bias publikasi yang rendah (fail-safeN= 1536). Pola asuh permisif dengan perundungan juga menunjukkan korelasi positif (Zr= 0,223 dengan CI: 0,060 –0,387; p < 0,01) dan menunjukkan bias publikasi yang rendah (fail-safeN= 171). Tingkat pendidikan sebagai variabel moderator bagi pola asuh demokratis dengan perundungan.

The present study aimed to culturally adapt the Stirling Children's Well-being Scale (SCWBS) for use in Indonesia with college student and to assess their psychometric properties in this population. This study investigated the dimensions, particularly the nature and number, of the Indonesian version of the SCWBS. Three hundred seventy-five Indonesian college students were recruited through WhatsApp. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on two subsamples, which were randomly divided using IBM SPSS, and the reliability of the SCWBS was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. An exploratory factor analysis extracted two dimensions, which explained 58.24% of the total variance. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the two-factor measurement model of the scale, along with one second-order factor. These were found to have good model fit. The final 10-item SCWBS had high reliability and acceptable construct validity. Therefore, the scale was found to have adequate psychometric properties and to be applicable in research and practice. For further refinement, the Indonesian version of the SCWBS should be tested in a wider age range and in various subgroups, for example, to analyze socioeconomic status. Furthermore, it is necessary to assess other construct validity, such as criterion validity.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to large-scale behavioral changes and a significant psychological burden. This study aims to determine the effect of parent-adolescent relationships and parental marital quality on adolescents’ happiness during the pandemic. The research subjects were male and female adolescents between the ages of 18-21 that studied at state and private universities and lived with their parents. A binary logistic regression technique was used to examine the independence of the association between perceived parent-adolescent relationship, parental marital quality, sex, and allowance with happiness during the pandemic. The logistic regression analysis results showed that only two independent variables, namely perceived parent-adolescent relationship and parental marital quality, made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model. However, the strongest predictor was perceived parental marital quality, which recorded an odds ratio of 7.25. Keywords: adolescent happiness, parent-adolescent relationship, parental marital quality, covid-19 pandemic

The research conducted by researchers aimed to determine how effective religious coping training was in reducing anxiety in patients with ovarian cysts. The hypothesis in this study is that there are differences in anxiety in the treated group. This can be seen from the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Thus, the treated group was more able to reduce anxiety in patients with ovarian cysts. The research design carried out by the researcher was a one-group pretest and posttest design. The scale used in the study was the SAI (State Anxiety Disorder) scale. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test statistical technique. The results of the study proved that religious coping training was able to reduce anxiety in patients with ovarian cysts. The results showed that the pre-test and post-test sig was 0.043 and p <0.05. This result explains the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. The changes in the participants' anxiety had given rise to changes before and after the training was given. The pre-test value with the follow-up value also has the same modifier, namely the sig value obtained is 0.043 and p <0.05. There are differences in research subjects' anxiety before being given training and after being given training given distance measurements for 2 weeks. The results of the hypothesis in this study were accepted, namely that there were differences in anxiety in the groups given treatment in this study. Keywords: Religious Coping, Anxiety, Ovarian Cysts ABSTRACT Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif pelatihan koping religius dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien kista ovarium. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan kecemasan pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari pre-test, post-test dan tindak lanjutnya. Dengan demikian, kelompok yang diobati lebih banyak dapat mengurangi kecemasan pada pasien dengan kista ovarium. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pretest and posttest design. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah skala SAI (State Anxiety Disorder). Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pelatihan koping religious mampu menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien kista ovarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pre-test dan post-test sig sebesar 0,043 dan p <0,05. Ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara nilai pre-test dan post-test. Perubahan kecemasan peserta sendiri telah memberikan perubahan sebelum pelatihan dan setelah pelatihan diberikan. Nilai prates dengan nilai follow up juga memiliki modifikator yang sama yaitu diperoleh nilai sig sebesar 0,043 dan p <0,05. Terdapat perbedaan subjek penelitian kecemasan sebelum diberikan perlakuan dan setelah diberi perlakuan diberikan pengukuran jarak selama 2 minggu. Dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian diterima. Kata Kunci: Koping Religius, Kecemasan, Kista Ovarium

This study aims to find out empirically whether there is a relationship between facilitative parenting and adolescent self-disclosure. The hypothesis used is that there is a positive relationship between facilitative parenting and adolescent self-disclosure. Where the higher the level of concern, the higher the level of self-disclosure of adolescents when they are high and concern is low, the lower the self-disclosure of adolescents. The research subjects were students living with their parents, female and male and aged 15-18 years. The number of research subjects was 82 people, consisting of 35 women and 27 men. The adolescent self-disclosure scale that based on the theory of Buhrmester & Prager in Bauminger (2008). Parenting scale based on theory and Grolnick (2009). Method of data analysis using product moment correlation technique. The results of the analysis have a normal data distribution with a linear correlation. While the correlation coefficient between maternal parenting and adolescent self-disclosure to mothers is 0.494 and p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with an effective contribution of 0.244. While the father's self-disclosure analysis obtained the results of 0.727 and p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with an effective contribution of 0.529

This study aims to adapt the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire for Muslims inIndonesia. Adaptation of the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire is carried out throughthe stages: translation, providing evidence of construct validity and reliability. Evidence of construct validity was carried out by exploratory factor analysis followed by MGCFA (Multi-Group Confirmatory factor Analysis). In this study, we used a composite reliability. Subjects to reveal the factor structure of sanctification of marriage were 160 married individuals, while the subjects to test the stability of factor structure consisted of 102 husbands and 111 wives. The result of exploratory factor analysis shows that the construct of sanctification of marriage has three factors / dimensions, namely: belief, perceived sacred qualities and manifestation of God. The structure stability of sanctification of marriage was then empirically tested by MGCFA. The results of MGCFA showed that the three factors / dimensions of sanctification of marriage proved stable. The composite reliability coefficient of the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire was in a good category. Further research can be carried out to provide evidence of construct validity with predictive validity and concurrent validity of the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire. Limitations in this study are discussed further.Keywords: exploratory factor analysis, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, muslim,sanctification of marriage, scale adaptation

The purpose of this research is to conduct a meta-analysis study on the attachment with children and adolescents’ psychological well-being. In this study, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis of eight groups. The results show that (1) the correlation effect between secure attachment and positive psychological well-being was significant; (2) the correlation effect of secure attachment with negative psychological well-being indicates a significant value; (3) the correlation effect between avoidance and positive psychological well-being was significant; (4) the correlation effect between avoidance and negative psychological well-being was significant; (5) the correlation effect between anxious and positive psychological well-being was not significant; (6) the correlation effect between anxious and negative psychological well-being was significant; (7) the correlation effect between disorganized with positive psychological well-being was significant; (8) the correlation effect between disorganized and negative psychological well-being was significant. Q values on all results indicate a high heterogeneity which indicates the presence of a moderator.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pelatihan keterampilan sosial dalam menurunkan peer victimization pada siswa di SMPN “X” Yogyakarta. Adapun hipotesa dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh pemberian pelatihan keterampilan sosial untuk menurunkan tingkat peer victimization di SMPN “X” Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 15 siswa (11-14 tahun) yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu tujuh siswa kelompok eksperimen dan delapan siswa kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran penelitian ini menggunakan skala peer victimization yang merupakan modifikasi dari Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale–Revised (MPVSR) yang dibuat oleh Bets, Houston, dan Steer, (2015). Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan tingkat peer victimization pada siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberi pelatihan pada kelompok eksperimen (p < 0.05). Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan keterampilan sosial dapat menurunkan tingkat peer victimization pada siswa.

Previous findings on the relationship between parental marital quality and adolescent psychological well-being are inconsistent; thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of 23 relevant studies. Results revealed significant associations between: (1) positive parental marital quality and high psychological well-being; (2) positive parental marital quality and low psychological wellbeing; (3) negative parental marital quality and high psychological wellbeing; (4) negative parental marital quality and low psychological well-being. Future research implications will be discussed in this article.

Depresi, kecemasan dan stress merupakan tiga gangguan yang sering dijumpai di masyarakat. Ketiga gangguan tersebut memiliki gejala yang hampir mirip. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) merupakan salah satu alat ukur yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keparahan ketiga gangguan tersebut. DASS dengan jumlah item/gejala sebanyak 42 item dikenal dengan nama DASS-42. Alat ukut ini membedakan dengan jelas item/gejala dari setiap gangguan. Setiap gangguan memiliki item yang mempengaruhi sebanyak 14 item. Pada penelitian ini dibangun model Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelompok (SPKK) yang memungkinkan para psikolog untuk berkolaborasi memberikan preferensi terkait prioritas gangguan yang akan terjadi apabila diketahui item/gejala tertentu menurut DASS-42. Preferensi diberikan dengan format ordered vectors. Untuk memudahkan proses agregasi/komposisi, selanjutnya dilakukan transformasi preferensi ke relasi preferensi fuzzy. Operator Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) digunakan untuk melakukan agregasi peferensi menjadi satu matriks. Proses seleksi alternatif terbaik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Quantifier Guided Dominance Degree (QGDD). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ketepatan hasil SPKK terhadap DASS-42 adalah sebesar 71,43% (30 dari 42 item/gejala). Item/gejala yang beririsan secara signifikan antara gangguan kecemasan dan stress sebesar 16,67%. (7 dari 42), antara depresi dan kecemasan sebesar 9,52% (4 dari 42). Secara umum SPKK ini mampu mengakomodasi preferensi para pengambil keputusan dalam memberikan bobot pengaruh. Gangguan kecemasan dan gangguan stress memiliki gejala yang sangat mirip sehingga untuk beberapa item.gejala pada DASS-42 ada perbedaan yang cukup signifikan. Abstract Depression, anxiety and stress are three disorders that are often found in the community. These three disorders have almost identical symptoms. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) is an psychological instrument that can be used to measure the severity of these disorders. DASS with a total of 42 items known as DASS-42. This instrument distinguishes clearly the symptoms of each disorder. Each disorder has 14 items affect. The three disorders have a number of symptoms that are similar, even a symptom may affect two or three disorders with different levels of influence. In this study, a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) model was developed so that psychologists can collaborate to give preference regarding priority of disorders that would occur if certain items / symptoms were identified by DASS-42. Preferences are given in ordered vectors format. The preferences given by each decision maker aggregated to get a single preference. These preferences will be transformed to the fuzzy preference relation format. Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator used to aggregation process for all decision maker preference. The OWA operator are used to aggregate into one matrix. The best alternative selected by using Quantifier Guided Dominance Degree (QGDD). The test results show that the accuracy of the GDSS results on DASS-42 is 71.43% (30 of 42 items / symptoms). Symptoms that overlap significantly between anxiety and stress disorders are 16.67%. (7 of 42), between depression and anxiety by 9.52% (4 of 42). The GDSS is able to accommodate the preferences of decision makers in giving influence weight. Anxiety and stress disorder have very similar symptoms so that for some symptoms in the DASS-42 there are significant differences.

According to the basic health research report in 2013, the Indonesian population has a mental disorder prevalence of up to 6 percent. The one of mental disorder is depression. Subject on this paper, focus on depression in marriage life. Recognizing depression is important. A psychologist usually p

This research aims to observe how the emotion coaching training improve the skill of teachers on Education for Early-Age Children (known as PAUD). It uses the design of nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. Twelve teachers of PAUD were involved as the participants in this research and they were divided into two groups: 6 of those 12 teachers included in experimental and control group. The measurement tools used in this research were the scale of the skill of teacher response and observation on checklist behavior made by the researcher based upon the theory of Swartz and Mcelwain (2012).. The test of hypothesis used the Friedman analysis. The results of the research showed that the training of emotion coaching can improve the skill of teachers in responding the emotion of early age children before and after giving the training to the experiment group at (p = 0.002 where p< 0.05).

Kegiatan Posyandu merupakan salah satu upaya Pemerintah untuk memberikan layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Kegiatan Posyandu dilakukan di Desa dan didukung sepenuhnya oleh para Kader Posyandu. Di Desa Bimomartani kegiatan Posyandu dilaksanakan dengan baik di 12 pedukuhan. Kegiatan Posyandu di sini belum didukung oleh fasilitas berbasis teknologi informasi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan Kader dalam menggunakan aplikasi teknologi informasi guna meningkatkan kualitas layanan kepada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan implementasi Sistem Informasi Posyandu berbasis web dan Android di Desa Bimomartani. Aktivitas utama dari kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan kedua sistem tersebut ke para Kader dan Bidan Desa. Hasil pelatihan menujukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan tingkat ketrampilan penggunaan aplikasi teknologi informasi terutama untuk sistem yang berbasis Android. Keseringan mereka menggunakan smartphoneini menyebabkan mereka terampil menggunakan smartphonedibanding menggunakan laptop, karena 92% kader adalah ibu rumah tangga. Pengalaman sebagai Kader Posyandu juga mempengaruhi kecepatan Kader dalam mengoperasikan Sistem Informasi Posyandu. Kader yang memiliki pengalaman lebih dari 5 tahun cenderung cepat tanggap dalam memberikan input data setiap item yang harus diisi. Berdasarkan masukan dari Kader dan Bidan, masih dibutuhkan benerapa fitur tambahan pada sistem ini. Hal ini dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan informasi untuk disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan informasi terbaru. Komitmen tim untuk terus mengembangkan sistem ini secara berkelanjutan sangat dibutuhkan seiring dengan semakin bertambahnya kebutuhan informasi kesehatan ibu, anak dan keluarga dari waktu ke waktu. Secara umum Sistem Informasi Posyandu membantu Kader dalam menyimpan data dan membuat laporan kesehatan ibu dan anak.

Abstrak. Sikap penerimaan ibu merupakan faktor penting dalam pengasuhan terhadap anak dengan gangguan spektrum autis (GSA). Ibu yang memiliki penerimaan yang tinggi mampu mengembangkan pengasuhan yang positif dan anak mampu berkembang secara optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui psikoedukasi Menjadi Ibu Hebat untuk menurunkan penolakan terhadap anak dengan GSA. Partisipan adalah tiga ibu yang memiliki anak dengan GSA. Pengumpulan data menggunakan parental acceptance-rejection scale (PARQ). Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest. Analisis data dilakukan uji Friedman Test. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji Friedman Test menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penanganan, q =1,000, nilai signifikansi 0,607 (p>0,05). Kata kunci: Psikoedukasi, Penolakan Orangtua, Gangguan Spektrum Autis (GSA) Abstract. Mother acceptance is an important factor in caring for children with autism. A mother that has a high acceptance is capable of developing a positive parenting skill and as a result the children are able to grow optimally. This research aimed to examine the psychoeducation to be a great mother to reduce the rejection towards children with autism. The participants were three mothers who have children with autism. Data collection used the parental acceptance-rejection scale (PARQ). The study design using the experimental quasi of one-group pretest-posttest. Data analysis was conducted through the Friedman Test. The result of statistical test with Friedman Test showed no significant difference between before and after the treatment, q = 1,000, and significance value 0,607 (p> 0.05). Key words: Psychoeducation, rejection, parents, autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Lack of discipline in students learning appears from the behavior shown in class, which is a ruckus in class, talking with friends when teacher explains the subject matter, seeking attention form friends or teachers at the less precise and so on. Therefore, this research aimed to know the influence of group counseling against the discipline of learning in students in the MTs. The method used in this research ia an experimental method with subject of junior high school students in MTs. The number of subjects in this research as many as 23 students grade 8 MTs "X" in Sleman Jogjakarta. The experimental design used in this study is the pre post control group design. Measuring instrument used is the scale of the discipline study based on the theory of Lewis. The statistical analysis used to test the hypothesis is the Mann-Whitney Test. Statistical analysis was used to test the hypothesis is Mann-Whitney Test. Based on the results of the analysis show that there are differences between the disciplines studied before and after given counseling group with Z = -3.942 and p = 0.000 (p<0.05). It can be inferred that the counseling group can improve the discipline of learning at grade 8 students at MTs "X" Sleman.

TRAINING OF RESOURCE LITERACY AND LEARNING MATERIALS ON THE INTERNET FOR PAUD TEACHERS IN NGAGLIK DISTRICT, SLEMAN. Learning media and resources are parts of Early Childhood Education instructional design. Nowadays, learning media and resources include not only natural environment but also cyber space in internet. However, some Early Childhood Education teachers are not aware of the potential of using these learning media and resources in their teaching practice. Therefore, an in-house training of learning media and resources literacy was designed for Early Childhood Education teachers in District of Ngaglik, Sleman Regency. This training was attended by Rumah Anak Pintar Islami and Smart Child Al-Mubarok Pre-Schools. The outcome of the training was better understanding on learning media and resources in the internet which the teachers can use in their teaching practice.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh konseling karir kelompok cognitive information processing untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan karir siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 16 orang siswa kelas XI di SMAN “X” Yogyakjarta yang berjenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki, berusia 17 tahun dan dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Setelah dilakukan proses random, maka terpilih satu kelompok (n=8) sebagai kelompok eksperimen dari SMAN”X” yang menerima perlakuan berupa konseling karir kelompok CIP. Satu kelompok lainnya (n=8) sebagai kelompok kontrol. Skala career thought inventory yang dibuat sendiri oleh peneliti yang dipergunakan sebagai alat ukur. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis non-parametrik berupa Mann Whitney U Test untuk menguji perbedaan nilai berdasarkan kelompok, yaitu eksperimen dan kontrol. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa konseling karir kelompok berpengaruh dalam menigkatkan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan karir siswa (Z = -3,313, p = 0,000, dimana p < 0,05).Kata kunci : Pengambilan keputusan karir, Cognitive Information Processing, Konseling karir

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pelatihan koping religius dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 18 penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2. Berjenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki beragama islam yang dikelompokkan dalam dua kelompok. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelompok, satu kelompok (n=8) sebagai kelompok eksperimen yang menerima perlakuan berupa pelatihan koping religius. Satu kelompok lainnya (n=10) sebagai kelompok kontrol (waiting list). Skala kesejahteraan psikologis yang digunakan, dibuat berdasarkan teori dari Ryff (1989). Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis non-parametrik berupa Mann Whitney U Test untuk menguji perbedaan nilai berdasarkan kelompok, yaitu eksperimen dan kontrol (Z = -3,558 dan p = 0,000 dimana p < 0,05).