Background Compound aluminum sulfate injection (CASI) originated from a Chinese traditional medicine, “Kuzhiye”, and has been used in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Previous studies suggested that CASI was a potential monotherapeutic drug for NMIBC. However, the efficacy and safety of CASI in the treatment of NMIBC, as well as the long-term recurrence after treatment, need to be further evaluated. Methods A multicenter retrospective single-arm cohort study was conducted. From 2006 to 2009, 101 patients (74 men and 27 women, aged 58.9±11.9 years) with T1 or benign NMIBC were enrolled. Each patient was directly injected with CASI through catheter needle into the root of NMIBC. Vital signs, electrocardiography, blood count, blood biochemistry, and urine analysis were re-examined on day 2 and day 14 after CASI injection, together with a cystoscopic examination 4 weeks after CASI treatment was performed for all patients to assess the clinical activity and safety of CASI. To study long-term efficacy, patients in center 2 were followed up for recurrence with a median follow-up time of 13.8 years. Results For the 101 patients enrolled in this study, demographic characteristics in the 3 centers showed no significant differences. After CASI, 2 patients showed administration site-dependent, but not dose-dependent, increase in their aluminum concentration in 24 hours without obvious abnormality in blood biochemistry. The overall effective rate was 97.03%, including complete tumor necrosis in 94 patients. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 20 patients (19.80%), including 9 drug-related and 11 cystoscopy-related adverse events (AEs). All AEs were endurable and disappeared within 2 weeks without any treatment. The maximum tolerated single dose of CASI was 21 mL. Among the 43 patients at center 2, 3 patients were excluded because they changed to other treatment regimen. As of April 2022, of the 40 patients enrolled, 22 had no recurrence and 7 relapsed. The follow-up time was 2–16.2 years. The other 11 patients were lost to follow up. Conclusions CASI may be an effective and safe option for the treatment of NMIBC and is expected to be a potential monotherapy regimen for NMIBC.

Purpose: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was found overexpressed in tumor cells and played a significant role in tumor formation and growth. We sought to explore the correlation of PKM2 expression with cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in bladder cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to determine the expression level of PKM2 at mRNA and protein level. MTT and flow cytometry were respectively used to explore the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in bladder cancer cell line in vitro. Results: The results suggested that suppression of PKM2 significantly decreased the proliferation rate, invasive cell number, and migration ability of bladder cancer cells compared with blank group. Moreover, proteins such as MMP2 and MMP9 as well as P38 expression were also affected by the PKM2 expression changes. These results proved that PKM2 could be involved in the progression of bladder cancer by mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Conclusion: The data presented in this study revealed that PKM2 up-regulation may promote the development and metastasis of bladder cancer through promoting cell proliferation, migration and invasion via MAPK signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the applicative value of three-dimensional angiography in the evaluation of renal artery variation before robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) and its significance.Methods The clinical data of 284 RALPN cases examined by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) during June 2013 and March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were diagnosed as renal tumor by ultrasonography or CT before operation.The patients' general information was recorded and the variations of renal artery were observed.Results The CTA examinations were successfully completed without any complications.The total variation rate of renal artery was 39.3 ％,and the incidence was much higher in male than in female,but there was no significant difference in location.Up to 81.9％ of the kidneys had one renal artery,and the incidence of number variation of renal artery was significantly higher in male than in female.The incidence of accessory renal artery was 16.1％,66.7 ％ of which travelled to the upper or lower pole of the kidney.Conclusion The threedimensional angiography can clearly show the variation of renal artery,which will enrich the content and improve the efficacy of preoperative evaluation.It can facilitate the safety of operation and as a result,can be used as a routine examination of RALPN preoperatively.

Objective To summarize our experience with surgical management of renal neoplasm involving inferoir veno cava.Methods We review the data of 115 patients,including 74 male patients and 41 female patients,with renal neoplasm involving venous system between March 1993 and December 2015.The mean age was 52 years old,ranging 22 to 77 years old.The tumor was found in right side in 77 cases and left side in 38 cases.There were 15 patients (13.0％) with renal vein thrombus,38 (33.1％) with infrahepatic thrombus,29 (25.2％) with low retrohepatic thrombus,20 (17.4％) with high retrohepatic thrombus,and 13 (11.3％) with supradiaphragmatic thrombus.The mean age was 52 years old,ranging 22 to 77 years old.The tumor was found in right side in 77 cases and left side in 38 cases.All patients accepted the radical nephrectomy.Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS),and cancer special survival (CSS) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) estimated by Kaplan-Meier method.Secondary outcome included operative and oncological features,past-operative complications and hospital mortality.Cox proportional hazard model was used to univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factor impacting on OS of RCC patients.Results Complete resections of renal neoplasm with tumor thrombus were achieved in 113 patients (98.3％),2 patients died intraoperatively due to the dropping of thrombus.Postoperative complication rate was 16.8％.Hospital mortality was 2.6％.Mean follow-up interval was 48 months.OS rates at 5-,and 10-year in RCC patients were 66.5％,and 61.8％,respectively.Metastasis was an independent risk factor affecting on OS (P =0.000).However,the level of thrombus was not an risk factor affecting the prognosis.Conclusions Radical resection of renal tumor and caval thrombus is an effective treatment for prolonging survival in patients with RCC extending into venous system.Retrohepatic caval tumor thrombus below or above the main hepatic vein should be dichotomized and managed respectively with diverse techniques.Metastatic rather than the level of thrombus was a risk factor impacting on RCC patient survival.

Objective:To explore the clinical application and experience of precise robotic radical nephrectomy (RRN) through a transperitoneal approach.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent RRN by the same surgeon at our institute from February 2016 to November 2016.Four robotic arms (one camera arm and three operation arms) were applied,and one assistant trocar was used for left kidney tumors as well as two for right ones.Twenty-four patients (20 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 55 (22-73) years old whose preoperative demographics,intraoperative parameters,postoperative parameters and complications were recorded and the operation experience was summarized.Results:All the operations were successfully completed with no convertion to open surgery.The mean operation time was (122.46±22.55) min (80-184 min).The mean blood loss was 65 (20-400) mL.The mean length of hospital stay was (7.08±1.56) d.Tumors in 7 eases were located in the left kidney and those in 17 cases in the right one.The mean maximum tumor diameter was (4.40± 1.20)cm (2-7 cm).Pathological results showed that there were 21 cases of clear cell carcinoma,1 case of oncocytoma,1 case of papillary renal cell carcinoma,and 1 case of Xp11.2 translocation/TF3 fusion gene-related renal cell carcinoma.Conclusions:The application of scientificly and precisely designed surgical procedures to the RRN has the advantage of shorter operation time,less blood loss,less postoperative complications and higher safety.It can shorten the learning curve and provide urologists an effective surgical procedure for reference.

Objective To construct a new biodegradable ureteral scaffold material as drug carrier, and investi-gate its degradation characteristics, drug-release property and histocompatibility. Methods Two different sizes of ure-teral scaffold material for drug carrier were fabricated with polycaprolactone (PCL)/poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and rapamycin. General observation and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were performed to investigate the biodegradation characteristics of scaffold materials after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of constant temperature shaking. Meanwhile, scaffold materials were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the drug release property. The scaffold materials were implanted in the dorsal muscle of 6 rabbits, and histocompatibility was assessed by histology and image analysis system after 1, 4 and 12 weeks. Results After being dipped in human urine for 4 weeks, a few of floaters could be seen in all centrifuge tube and weight of scaffold materials were decreased by 27%. Under the SEM, small holes were found on the surface of scaffold materials. The drug loading dosage of the scaffolds were gradually decreased, and there were statistically significant differences between every two groups [2 weeks group and 4 weeks group of (1335±74)μg vs (1165±84)μg, 4 weeks group and 6 weeks group of (1165±84)μg vs (622±25)μg, 6 weeks group and 8 weeks group of (622±25)μg vs (286±17)μg, P<0.01], but not between 0 week group and 2 weeks group [(1412±28)μg vs (1335±74)μg, P>0.05]. The results of histology showed mild acute inflammatory reaction, and fibroustissue hyperplasia was proliferated slightly. Conclusion This drug-loading ureteral scaffold material gets along well with body tissues, and the drug is sustainedly released in vitro over 8 weeks.

目的 构建一种新型生物可降解输尿管药物洗脱支架,并观察其体内外降解性能、药物释放性能及组织相容性.方法 左旋聚乳酸、消旋聚乳酸、雷帕霉素共混后制备两种规格试件.将载药片状试件浸泡于体外尿液环境中,恒温振荡,于2周、4周、6周、8周、10周、12周时通过形态观察、质量变化、电镜扫描研究试件的体外降解性能;采用高效液相色谱法测定试件载药量变化以研究其药物释放性能.将螺旋型药物洗脱支架置入兔背部肌肉内,于1周、4周、12周时行组织学观察评价支架的组织相容性.结果 载药片状试件体外尿液恒温振荡环境下,6周时可见少量白色漂浮物,质量丢失率约15％,扫描电镜观察试件表面可见细小孔洞;12周时完全降解为泥沙样沉积物.高效液相色谱结果:初始组(1425±47)μg,2周组(1 400±23)μg,4周组(1 368±55)μg,6周组(1 278±88)μg,8周组(780±32)μg,10周组(362±36)μg.初始组与2周组、2周组与4周组组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);6周组明显低于4周组(P＜0.05);8周组与10周组分别低于其前一时间组(P＜0.01).兔背部肌肉置入后,组织学观察术后炎症反应轻微,12周时纤维增生不明显.结论 新型生物可降解输尿管药物洗脱支架具有良好的降解性能、药物释放性能和组织相容性.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effect of the new biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting stents in treatment of traumatic urethral stricture.Methods Twenty-five adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into study group (n =20) and control group (n =5) according to the random number table.In study group,rabbit models of traumatic urethral stricture were developed by self-designed explosive devices.All the stents were inserted under direct vision.Reparative results were evaluated by urethroscopy,retrograde urethrogram and histological examinations at postoperative 4,8,and 12 weeks.Results In study group all the stents were smoothly inserted into the strictured urethra without the occurrence of stent migration and lithogenesis.Urethroscopy showed that the stents in study group were partially degraded at 8 weeks,mostly degraded at 12 weeks and discharged with the urine.And from the naked eye,there was no distinct difference between the repaired and normal urinary mucosa.Retro~ade urethrogram demonstrated the stents restored urethral patency.Histological examinations showed the stents minimized stent-related inflammatory reactions,uroepithelial hyperplasia and scar formation.Conclusion New biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting stents exhibiting good biocompatibility are more effective to repair urethral stricture in rabbits.

BACKGROUNDGenetic variation of SNPs in the PTGS2 gene is reported to be capable of creating tissue milieu favoring tumorigenesis. Some studies have implicated the common SNP rs20417 has association with PCa risk, while others showed reverse results. The study was performed with an aim to reconcile the existing controversy by performing a meta-analysis.METHODSWe searched databases of Embase and PubMed and identified 8 publications fulfilling the specified inclusion criteria. X(2)-based Q-test and I(2) statistic were quantified to measure the heterogeneity across studies. The pooled ORs and 95% CIs were calculated to estimate the association between SNP rs20417 and PCa risk.RESULTSBased on an enlarged sample size by combining the data from published meta-analyses and those missed in them, the results of the present meta-analysis revealed the association of SNP rs20417 and overall PCa risk was not significant. Subgroup analyses according to ethnicity and source of controls did not show any significant results, either.CONCLUSIONSThe meta-analysis suggests that the presence of SNP rs20417 is unlikely to be associated with PCa risk. Our understanding of the genetic risk for PCa should be further expanded and refined through future research in a much larger number of participants.

Objective To establish a rabbit model of traumatic urethral stricture using a self-designed de-vice, in order to provide a reliable and reproducible animal model for the study of traumatic urethral stricture. Methods Twenty-five New Zealand male rabbits were used, which were divided into experiment group and control group. Of 20 rabbits in the experiment group, the skin between penis and anus was incised and the bulbar urethra was exposured. Then, half-circumferential defect of the bulbar urethral ventro-wall was made by the self-designed bomb-ing device. Of 5 rabbits in the control group, only the skin between penis and anus was incised. Urethroscopy, retro-grade urethrography and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of the animal model made at 15 and 30 days in all groups. Results In the experiment group, urethral stricture were confirmed by urethroscopy and retrograde urethrography in 95%(19/20) of the samples 15 days after surgery. Histological examinations showed the absence of epithelial cell in the stenosis segment, with obvious fibrosis. 30 days after surgery, the urethroscopy showed the mucous membrane of the stenosis segment became pale, inelasticity. Histological examinations also showed more severe fibrosis. Conclusion An animal model of traumatic urethral stricture can be successfully estab-lished by the self-designed device, which may provide some basis for the study of the treatment of traumatic urethral stricture.

OBJECTIVES:Rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, was reported to have beneficial effect on drug induced nephropathy. The present study aimed to introduce 5/6 nephrectomized rat model to further evaluate its renal protective effect.METHODS:Adult Wistar rats were induced to develop chronic renal failure through 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx). After that, animals were treated orally with saline, rutin at 15 and 45 mg/kg, and losartan (10 mg/kg) daily for 20 weeks; sham-operated animals were also involved as control. After treatment for 8 and 20 weeks, blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical examination; all the kidney remnants were collected for histological examination. The protein levels of TGF-β1, smad2 and phosphorylated-smad2 (p-smad2) in kidney were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV in kidney tissues.RESULTS:Results suggested that rutin could reduce the proteinurea, blood urine nitrogen and blood creatinine in 5/6 Nx animals significantly, as well as oxidation stress in the kidney. By histological examination, rutin administration alleviated glomerular sclerosis scores and tubulointerstitial injuries in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry also suggested rutin could reduce the expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV in kidney tissues. By western blot, we found the rutin could reduce the TGF-β1, p-smad2 expression in the kidney tissues of rats.CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that the rutin can improve renal function in 5/6 Nx rats effectively. Its effect may be due to its anti-oxidation and inhibiting TGFβ1-Smad signaling.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether hypoxia preconditioning could improve therapeutic effects of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) for diabetes induced erectile dysfunction (DED). AMSCs were pretreated with normoxia (20% O2, N-AMSCs) or sub-lethal hypoxia (1% O2, H-AMSCs). The hypoxia exposure up-regulated the expression of several angiogenesis and neuroprotection related cytokines in AMSCs, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor FIK-1, angiotensin (Ang-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). DED rats were induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and were randomly divided into three groups-Saline group: intracavernous injection with phosphate buffer saline; N-AMSCs group: N-AMSCs injection; H-AMSCs group: H-AMSCs injection. Ten rats without any treatment were used as normal control. Four weeks after injection, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were measured. The contents of endothelial, smooth muscle, dorsal nerve in cavernoursal tissue were assessed. Compared with N-AMSCs and saline, intracavernosum injection of H-AMSCs significantly raised ICP and ICP/MAP (p<0.05). Immunofluorescent staining analysis demonstrated that improved erectile function by MSCs was significantly associated with increased expression of endothelial markers (CD31 and vWF) (p<0.01) and smooth muscle markers (α-SMA) (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression of nNOS was also significantly higher in rats receiving H-AMSCs injection than those receiving N-AMSCs or saline injection. The results suggested that hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs was an effective approach to enhance their therapeutic effect for DED, which may be due to their augmented angiogenesis and neuroprotection.

Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of the biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting urethral stent in the treatment of traumatic urethral stricture in rabbit model.Methods 20 adult New Zealand rabbits with urethral stricture were randomly divided into two groups : biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting urethral stent group and biodegradable drug-free urethral stent.Each drag stent contains 2 050 μg of paclitaxel.All stents were implanted by surgery.Urethroscopy and histological examinations were performed to compare the biocompatibility of the two groups at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery respectively.Results All stents were successfully implanted.No stents migration happed during follow-up.Urethroscopy follow-up indicated severe stent-related tissue reactions in drug-free stent group, including mucosal edema and papillary projections on the urethral mucosa around the stent at 4 weeks.However, these were absent in drug-eluting stent group.At 12 weeks, all stents were almost degraded and exclude on urination.But the repaired urethral mucosa in drug-free stent group looks rough and rigid, while in drug-eluting stent group, the mucosas were smooth and elastic.Histological examinations also confirmed severe inflammatory reactions and epithelial hyperplasia in drug-free stent group.At 12 weeks, signs of scar formation can be only found in drug-free stent group.Conclusion New biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting stent were more biocompatible than drug-free stent.

目的 评价年龄、前列腺特异抗原、Gleason评分、临床分期、内分泌治疗等临床指标对前列腺癌病理分期的预测价值.方法 回顾分析107例行前列腺癌根治术患者的资料,比较局部局限肿瘤组和包膜侵犯肿瘤组之间各项指标的差异,通过Logistic回归分析筛选对病理分期预测有价值的指标,评价指标对前列腺病理分期的预测价值,应用受试者工作曲线评价该预测价值.结果 包膜侵犯肿瘤组患者的年龄、血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、临床分期高于局部局限肿瘤组患者,Gleason评分及内分泌治疗在两组间无统计学差异.单因素分析中年龄、PSA、临床分期与病理分期有相关性,仅PSA对病理分期预测价值较好;多因素分析中前列腺特异抗原、Gleason评分对术后病理分期判断有意义,优于单独应用PSA.结论 单因素分析中PSA是前列腺癌病理分期预测的最佳预测因素,PSA结合Gleason评分能对前列腺癌病理分期的预测提供较好的依据.

目的 雌激素在很多靶器官中发挥重要生物调节作用,主要通过雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)来介导.构建ERα真核表达载体并于大鼠骨髓基质干细胞(rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells,rBMSCs)中表达,为后续研究ERα的功能奠定良好的基础. 方法 采用RT-PCR技术从SD大鼠子宫及双侧附件中提取并扩增ERα,酶切后,克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+);重组载体经PCR、酶切、测序鉴定正确后瞬时转染rBMSCs,采用RT-PCR和Western blotting分析ERα在细胞中的表达,并采用Realtime-PCR和MTT的方法比较ERα高表达后对细胞生长周期的影响. 结果 成功构建了重组质粒pcDNA-ERα,RT-PCR和Westem blotting显示该质粒能在rBMSCs中高效表达,Realtime-PCR和MTT比较分析表明,ERα的高表达对细胞的生长产生一定的抑制作用. 结论 成功构建ERα真核表达载体,该载体在rBMSCs中成功转录与表达,外源性ERα基因转染能使rBMSCs的增殖受抑,可能与ERα的核内高表达相关.

目的 验证Partin表对预测我国前列腺癌患者预后的准确性.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2011年1月在解放军总医院行前列腺癌根治术患者的临床资料,符合Partin表入组标准的收集前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、Gleason评分、临床分期、病理分期资料,术前资料通过Partin表推断与病理分期实际结果比较,利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估Partin表的准确性.结果 本研究共收集符合标准病例97例,本组资料与Partin表基础人群相比较,年龄、PSA、Gleason评分高,临床分期晚.肿瘤器官局限性病例比例类似(73.2％ vs 73.4％);包膜侵犯病例比重略低于研究基础人群(14.4％ vs 22.3％);精囊侵犯率两者比例接近(5.2％ vs 3.0％);淋巴结转移率明显高于研究基础人群(7.2％ vs 1.2％).利用ROC曲线计算器官局限、包膜侵犯、精囊侵犯、淋巴结转移的曲线下面积,分别为0.782、0.637、0.817及0.570.结论 Partin表对前列腺肿瘤的局限性以及精囊侵犯有一定的预测意义,而对包膜侵犯诊断价值不高,对淋巴结转移诊断效果不佳.

Ureteral stents are usual in the treatment of urinary system diseases. However, it is always accom-panied by some complications. Researchers have been trying to develop a new ureteral stent to avoid these complica-tions. This article reviews the clinical applications and experimental studies on ureteral stents in the last five years.

Tissue engineering has brought new hopes for urethral reconstruction. However, the absence of pre-vascularization and the subsequent degradation of materials often lead to the failure of in vivo application. In this study, with the assistance of hypoxia-activated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), pedicled muscle flaps were used as materials and pre-incubated in ventral penile subcutaneous cavity of rabbit for 3weeks to prepare a pre-vascularized urethral construct. We found that small vessels and muscle fibres were scattered in the construct after 3weeks' pre-incubation. The construct presented a fibrous reticular structure, which was similar to that of the corpus spongiosum under microscope examination. The produced constructs were then used as a patch graft for reconstruction of the defective rabbit urethra (experimental group), natural muscular patch was used as control (control group). Twelve weeks after the reconstructive surgery, urethrography and urethroscope inspections showed wide calibres of the reconstructed urethra in the experimental group. Histopathological studies revealed that fibrous connective tissues and abundant muscle fibres constituted the main body of the patch-grafted urethra. In contrast, in the control group, only adipose tissue was found in the stenosis-reconstructed urethra, replacing the originally grafted muscular tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report that successfully constructed a pre-vascularized urethral construct by using hypoxia-activated hUCMSC and pedicled muscle flaps. More importantly, the pre-vascularized construct showed a good performance in urethral reconstruction when applied in vivo. The study provided a novel strategy for tissue engineering of pre-vascularized urethral construct for the defective urethra, representing a further advancement in urethral reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the autologous minced muscle-derived regenerate as a living patch graft for the urethral reconstruction with the assistance of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in the rabbit model.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The hUC-MSCs and minced-muscle-derived regenerate tissue was prepared and used as potential autologous patch graft for the reconstruction of the defective rabbit urethra. Animal with autologous free skeletal muscle piece was observed as control. Histopathological and immunohistochemical staining methods were adopted to evaluate the regenerating effect; the reconstructive effects in New Zealand rabbit were observed in both groups by retrograde urethrography and urinary microscopy.RESULTS:The expression of desmin and anti-human specific nuclear antigen (ANA) were positive for co-culture microsomes in vivo and in vitro; after the reconstructive surgery, histopathological studies revealed fibrous connective tissues and abundant muscle fibers constituted the main body of the patch-grafted urethra. Urethrography and urethroscopy showed no urethral obstruction, stenosis, fistula or diverticula anomaly existed in experimental group.CONCLUSIONS:Our preclinical study showed that the hUC-MSCs and minced-muscle-derived regenerate could be used as an autologous pre-vascularized living patch graft for urethral reconstruction.

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have the ability to influence immune response, and hence are key cell sources for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study we explored the effect of continuous passage on the immunomodulatory properties of hADSCs to provide some advises for large-scale production of hADSCs for clinical applications. We found that after continuous passage, the specific surface markers expression levels as well as the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacities of hADSCs had no obvious changes. However, the secretion levels of IL-10 and HGF reduced dramatically along with passage numbers. Furthermore, the INF-γ level was found higher in which medium peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with hADSCs with higher passage numbers. Also, the in vivo experiments showed that the peritonitis model mice, which were injected with higher passage numbers of hADSCs, tended to have higher levels of inflammation. All these together indicated that continuous passage has only minor effect on the cell phenotypes but will impair the immunomodulatory properties of hADSCs. This suggests that hADSCs could be prepared by continuous passage, but only those cells of lower passage numbers would be ideal therapeutic tools.