Urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) or phenolic resin (PF) is used widely as binder in the production of fiberboard, and formaldehyde emissions from UF or PF is seriously harmful for human health. Eco-friendly fiberboard was produced without binder using poplar wood shavings (PWS) bio-pretreated by white rot fungi Coriolus versicolor in this study, and the correlations between the metabolites and lignocellulose components and the bending strength (BS) of fiberboard were also studied. After PWS were pretreated by C versicolor for 21 days, the BS and water swelling ratio of the fiberboard were reached to 22.7 MPa and 12.4%, respectively. The soluble polysaccharide and reduce sugar in PWS were detected very low, which had a weak effect on the fiberboard. Lower content of hemicellulose and higher content of lignin were detected and beneficial to the BS of fiberboard. Manganese peroxidase was detected and had a lag enzymolysis effect. Laccase, lignin peroxidase and cellulase were not detected but laccase or cellulase might have a weak influence on fiberboard. The fiberboard production with this bio-pretreatment should be eco-friendly and eliminate the potential formaldehyde emission. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

为探索经木霉培养液预处理的秸秆厌氧消化产气特性,利用实验室自制小型厌氧发酵装置,在中温(30±1)℃条件下,分别对经预处理的稻秸、麦秆和稻麦秆混合物进行批式厌氧发酵试验.结果表明:料液质量分数10％、接种物质量分数20％条件下经木霉培养液预处理过的秸秆产气量有明显提升,稻秸、麦秆、稻麦秆混合物总产气量分别达到14555、15 103、17 130 mL;甲烷含量显著增长,平均甲烷体积分数分别为48.2％、45.4％和47.8％,较对照组提高205.1％、213.1％、214.5％.最高甲烷体积分数分别达60.5％、66.1％和66.8％;原料利用率较大提高,化学需氧量COD日均降解量分别为522.23、542.50、668.72 g/d,TS产气率分别达172.84、183.12、205.54 mL/g;其中经预处理后的稻麦秆混合物在产气量增加的前提下,大大缩短厌氧发酵时间(DT90:17 d).发酵过程pH值、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)变化情况均在正常范围.

以长三角某典型河流型水源地源水为研究对象,设计了传统工艺及基于凹凸棒土处理单元的6种强化工艺,对各工艺及其处理单元应用于典型氯化消毒副产物(三卤甲烷和卤乙酸)及其前体物控制的技术和经济可行性进行了系统分析.结果表明,预O3+凹土强化混凝+O3-GAC强化的工艺对上述2种消毒副产物及其前体物的控制效果最佳;在传统工艺中单纯增加O3处理也能在一定程度上提高其对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果;KMnO4控制消毒副产物的效果一般,但KMnO4处理可强化后续单元对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果.各工艺处理出水中三卤甲烷和卤乙酸单项指标均能达标,但传统工艺和经凹土强化混凝+ GAC强化的工艺出水三卤甲烷4种化合物的实测浓度与其各自限值的比值之和均大于1.0,不能满足水质要求,必须进行强化处理.凹土强化混凝单元在6种强化工艺条件下对三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成潜能(HAAFP)的去除率较传统混凝单元平均提高15.99％和4.92％;各强化工艺对THMFP和HAAFP的去除率较传统工艺均提高20％以上(除凹土强化混凝+GAC强化的工艺外),消毒副产物产生量降低40％以上,工艺成本降低20％以上.

Flower-like Co–B microstructures were synthesized by using a trace-level sodium citrate-assisted wet chemical route in which Co(OH)2 colloid, KBH4 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as Co source, B source, and protective agent, respectively. The Co–B microstructures were composed of numerous smooth nanoflakes that radiated from the center of the microstructure to form a floral pattern with a diameter of 2–3μm. The original Co(OH)2 colloid served as a hard template. The presence of trace concentrations of sodium citrate is indispensable for the preparation of Co–B flowers. Sodium citrate concentration directly influences the shape of the product. High sodium citrate concentration hinders the acquisition of high-quality Co–B flowers. The possible formation mechanism of flower-like Co–B microstructures was presented based on the experimental results.

The combined process of hydrolysis acidification,A /O and MBR was used to treat biopharmaceutical wastewater. The treatment capacity was 360 m3/ d. The actual operation results showed that the combined process had a high treatment efficiency and a stable effluent quality. The final effluent COD,BOD 5,SS,ammonia nitrogen,TP and fecal coliform colony were less than 50 mg/L,10 mg/L,5 mg / L,10 mg / L,0. 5 mg / L and 3 MPN / L respectively,meeting the limit values in table 2 in Discharge Standards of Water Pollutants for Pharmaceutical Industry—Bio-pharmaceutical Category( GB 21907-2008) and the requirements in the Reuse of Urban Recycling Water—Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption( GB / T 18920- 2002). The effluent could be directly reused.

In order to alleviate the shortage of raw materials in rural household biogas production and promote utilization of the formidable alien invasive species-alternanthera philoxeroides, mixed fermentation by alternanthera philoxeroides and corn stalk was designed and the performance was investigated in separated and different dry matter ratios (18.33, 6.25 and 3.46) treatments, by batch model at (35±1)°C.Results indicated that, the best biogas production appeared in the treatment of dry matter ratio of 6.25 when total solid (TS) loading of raw material was 8% and inoculating amount of biogas slurry was 20%, with TS and volatile solid (VS) biogas yields, and methane content of 325.74±5.11 mL/g, 456.06±4.87 mL/g and 60.56±1.23 %, respectively. Highly significant positive correlations (p˂0.01) were found between degradation rate of VS and four indexes such as average daily biogas yield, TS biogas yield, VS biogas yield and rate of change of total organic carbon (TOC) of fermentation liquid, while positive correlation between degradation rate of VS and methane content, and negative correlation between it and rate of change of volatile fatty acid (VFA), were not significant (p>0.05). Mixed fermentation by alternanthera philoxeroides and corn stalk could improve biogas production and achieve the gas peak in advance, therefore it had good feasibility.

The life cycle cost of wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) was analyzed,the formulas of investment and operating cost of WWTP were presented,and a calculation model for life cycle cost of WWTP was developed.Two investment programs of WWTP with an oxidation ditch process and design capacity of 3×104 m3/d were studied.The results showed that using domestically made equipment could save initial investment cost,but high energy consumption and quick equipment replacement cycle caused an increase in the WWTP operating cost,which resulted in a high life cycle cost.Using an appropriate amount of foreign equipment could rationally increase the incremental cost,but the operating cost was reduced,the incremental cost benefit was significantly improved,and the life cycle cost was reduced.

研究了不同水文期条件下长三角某典型河流型水源地源水有机物种类分布特性及其与消毒副产物关系.结果表明,该水源地源水有机污染特性呈现出丰水期＞平水期＞枯水期的特点,水体腐殖化程度依次降低.经树脂富集分离后水样溶解性有机物(DOM)各组分占总有机碳(DOC)的比例有所不同.丰水期:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A,38％)＞亲水性有机物(HPI,26％)＞过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A,16％)＞疏水性有机中性物质(HPO-N,12％)＞过渡亲水性中性物质(TPI-N,8％);平水期:HPO-A(32％)＞HPO-N(22％)＞TPI-A(20％)＞HPI(18％)＞TPI-N(8％);枯水期:HPO-A(28％)＞TPI-A(24％)＞HPO-N(20％)＞HPI(19％)＞TPI-N(9％).DOM中仅HPI组分比紫外吸光度值(SUVA)低于原水,其余均高于原水,其中HPO-A组分SUVA值最高,是原水的1.77倍.各水文期条件下,疏水性有机物(疏水性有机酸和疏水性中性物质)对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸生成的贡献,分别超过全部有机物氯化后消毒副产物生成量的60％和65％,表明疏水性有机物是最主要的消毒副产物前体物,应当作为水处理工艺重点去除的有机物组分.各水文期源水有机物特性与消毒副产物生成潜能的关系变化不大,三卤甲烷生成潜能(STHMFP)与SUVA的线性相关度较高,卤乙酸生成潜能(SHAAFP)与SUVA的线性相关度一般.因此,可用水样SUVA值间接反映三卤甲烷生成潜能,以利于在实际生产中快速监控水中消毒副产物前体物的变化趋势.

Rapid and effective monitoring of the formation of disinfection by-products is critically fundamental forsecurity management of drinking water .On the basis of conventional chlorination process in waterworks ,influenc-es of four key factors ,i .e .value of UV254 and ammonia nitrogen of the raw water ,chlorine dosage andpHvalue ,on the formation of typical disinfection by-products-trihalomethanes (THMs ) and haloacetic acids (HAAs ) ,were inves-tigated by employing uniform design method ,and linear and nonlinear fitting for the data were achieved by utiliza-tion of the statistical software-SPSS .Results showed that linear modelgot a good fitting for THMs and HAAs genera-tion with the correlation coefficients both greater than 0.9 ,while correlation coefficientsof nonlinear model for the above twowere 0.924 and 0.883 ,respectively .Moreover ,correlation coefficientsof linear model for THMs and HAAs generation were both 1 in consideration of the interactions between various factors ,which further improved the fitting effects .The new approach forrapid prediction of THMs and HAAsgeneration proposed in this study ,may provides a theoretical basis for improvingrisk management of drinking watersecurity under detection-restricted conditions .

Characteristics of mesophilic anaerobic fermentation(35 ±1℃) by alternanthera philoxeroides and wheat straw were investigated by batch model, in separated and different dry matter ratios(i.e. 21.67:1, 7.50:1 and 4.23:1)treatments. Results indicated that, the best biogas production appeared in the treatment of dry matter ratio of 7.50 when the total solid(TS) loading of raw material was 8% and the inoculating amount of biogas slurry was 20%, with TS and volatile solid(VS) biogas yield rates of 325.98 ±4.03 ml/g and 437.12 ±5.01 ml/g, volumetric biogas yield of 0.36 ±0.01 /d, and the methane content of 60.53 ±1.09%, respectively. Highly significant positive correlations(p<0.01) were found between the degradation rate of VS and five indexes such as the average daily biogas yield, TS biogas yield rate,VS biogas yield rate, volumetric biogas yield, and the rate of change of total organic carbon(TOC) of biogas slurry, while the positive correlation between the degradation rate of VS and methane content, and the negative correlation between it and the rate of change of volatile fatty acid(VFA), were not significant(p>0.05). Mixed fermentation by alternanthera philoxeroides and wheat straw could improve biogas production, and achieve the gas peak in advance to a certain extent,therefore it had good feasibility.

Utilizations of the coupled technology of chromatography and mass spectrometry for determination of pesticides,antibiotics,environmental endocrine disruptors and volatile organic compounds in waters during recent years were reviewed.

[Objective] Comprehensive utilization of the residue from chlorine dioxide preparation with hydrogen peroxide method was investigated to provide references for process optimization and industrialization.[Method] The reaction residue was concentrated and crystallized,acid solution was reused,and by-products of sodium bisulfate was obtained.The effects of acid concentration,amoumnt of evaporation,and crystallizing temperature were studied.The influence of residue circulation on technological parameters on preparation of chlorine dioxide with hydrogen peroxide method was also involved.[Result] The optimal rate of condensation and crystallization ranged from 55% to 60%,and crystallizing temperature ranged from 40 ℃ to 44 ℃.The circulatory process had no adverse effect on the purity of chlorine dioxide and conversion rates of raw materials during the reactions.[Conclusion] No residue discharge and minimality of acid usage were achieved by the process,which implied good economic and environmental benefits.

Ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles were synthesized through a trace-level ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted wet chemical route in which Cu(OH)2 colloid, KBH4 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as the Cu source, the reducing agent, and the protective agents, respectively. The copper nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution, a uniform shape, and the average diameter of ca. 4nm. The presence of trace EDTA is indispensable for the preparation of ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles. EDTA concentration directly influences the copper nanoparticle size and uniformity. As EDTA concentration decreases, the size of the copper nanoparticles decreases, whereas the uniformity increases. The possible formation mechanism of ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles was determined according to experimental results.

The construction of teaching and research section and that of teaching teams play a very important role in teaching,scientific research,construction of the faculty and cultivation of talents in higher education institutions.They differ from each other,yet are interrelated and can be easily mixed up in practice.By comparing and analyzing the concepts and connotations of the construction of teaching and research section and that of teaching teams,this thesis draws a distinction between them in order to improve the construction of both of them.

On the basis of free product of algebras,the free product of weak Hopf algebras and the free product of(s,i)-bialgebras are investigated in this paper.It is proved that the two free products are also a weak Hopf algebra and an(s,i)-bialgebra,respectively.

一、教材分析 "地理信息系统及其应用"一节由理论、案例及应用等内容组成,并以一个传统地图实践应用的案例引入正文,这样编写的初衷是为了点出地图独特的功能,引出被喻为电子地图的地理信息系统在类似实践应用中将有更为灵活强大的功能.

The process of CAF flotation-hydrolyzation & acidification-SBR was adopted to treat sheep shearing washing wastewater and the design and performance of this facility are presented. This process is effective for pollutant removal and has advantages of low energy consumption and easy control. Under normal condition, when the inlet COD level of the raw wastewater at 1800 mg·L-1, BOD level at 300 mg·L-1, SS level at 1 200 mg·L-1, the mean residual COD in effluent will be lower than 200 mg·L-1, BOD will be lower than 60 mg·L-1, SS will be lower than 150 mg·L-1, which attain the secondary discharge standard of GB 8978-1996.

考察了厌氧消化+浮萍混养体系组合工艺处理养猪场废水的效果,结果表明,以此组合工艺处理后的废水COD、NH4+-N和TP浓度分别从初始的5 272.5 mg/L、416.2 mg/L和22.8 mg/L降至336.5 mg/,L、195.2 mg/L和7.2mg/L,出水水质除NH4+-N外,另两项指标均能达到畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准.为实现处理系统连续运行及出水水质的稳定达标,需进一步加强脱氮预处理.

Removal mechanism of pollutants by duckweed-based wastewater treatment system was reviewed on the basis of the recent researches around the world,which mainly included direct uptake by duckweed,microbial degradation and physico-chemical role in the system.

Aiming at row rice wine system,the effects of membrane pore size,materials and seperation conditions on membrane flux decline were investigated.The feasibility of row rice wine about clarification by ceramic microfiltration membrane technology was studied.The results showed that the non-biological stability and sense of rice wine treated by three kinds of ceramic membrane were better than that treated by traditional method.ZrO2 membrane with mean pore size of 0.2μm was suitable for treating row rice wine.At T=15±3℃,ΔP=0.1MPa,v=1.10m·s-1,the steady flux of 0.2μm ZrO2 membrane can achieve 29L·m-2·h-1.Its turbidity was lower than 2.5NTU.Furthermore,the traditional flavor of rice wine remained unchanged.These revealed that the ceramic microfiltration membrane is feasible to instead of traditional methods.