Cervical lymphadenopathy of unknown primary tumour is a rare entity. In this situation, exhaustive diagnostic procedures are essential, including a comprehensive clinical examination, complete imaging, multiples biopsies and molecular testing. Localized disease cT0N1/N2a or low volumes N2b negative for Epstein-Barr virus can be treated either by surgery alone or unilateral neck radiation. For tumours N2b or above, either bilateral radiotherapy is proposed or chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is the standard technique of irradiation for the management of cervical lymphadenopathies of unknown primary origin. Dose regimens for postoperative or exclusive radiotherapy are detailed in this article, as well as the selection of prophylactic tumour and lymph node target volumes.

Objectif Déterminer les indications de la radiothérapie pour les cancers des glandes salivaires et préciser ses modalités et les volumes cibles d’irradiation. Matériel et méthodes Un groupe de pilotage a rédigé un argumentaire et des propositions de recommandation en s’appuyant sur une revue non systématique de la littérature publiée sur Medline. Le niveau d’adhésion aux recommandations a ensuite été évalué par le groupe de cotation, selon la méthodologie de consensus formalisé d’experts. Résultats En situation postopératoire, la radiothérapie sur le site tumoral±les aires ganglionnaires est indiquée en cas de présence d’un ou plusieurs facteurs histopronostiques péjoratifs (risque>10 % de récidive locorégionale) parmi les suivants : stade T3–T4, envahissement ganglionnaire, envahissement extraglandulaire, marges de résection proches ou envahies, haut grade histologique, engainements périnerveux, emboles vasculaires, infiltration osseuse. La radiothérapie conformationnelle par modulation d’intensité (RCMI) est le standard. Pour les cancers non résécables ou les patients non opérables, la radiothérapie de type hadronthérapie (ions carbone) peut être envisagée. Conclusion La radiothérapie des cancers des glandes salivaires est indiquée en postopératoire en cas facteurs histopronostiques péjoratifs ou pour les tumeurs inopérables.

Purpose. - Despite significant advances that have been made in management of metastatic melanoma with immune checkpoint therapy, optimal timing of combination immune checkpoint therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery is unknown. We have reported toxicity and efficiency outcomes of patients treated with concurrent immune checkpoint therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery.Patients and methods. - From January 2014 to December 2016, we analyzed 62 consecutive patients presenting 296 melanoma brain metastases, treated with gamma-knife and receiving concurrent immune checkpoint therapy with anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 within the 12 weeks of SRS procedure. Median follow-up time was 18 months (mo) (13-22). Minimal median dose delivered was 18 gray (Gy), with a median volume per lesion of 0.219 cm3.Results. - The 1-year control rate per irradiated lesion was 89% (CI 95%: 80.41-98.97). Twenty-seven patients (43.5%) developed distant brain metastases after a median time of 7.6 months (CI 95% 1.8-13.3) after gamma-knife. In multivariate analysis, positive predictive factors for intracranial tumor control were: delay since the initiation of immunotherapy exceeding 2 months before gamma-knife procedure (P = 0.003) and use of anti-PD1 (P = 0.006). Median overall survival (OS) was 14 months (CI 95%: 11-NR). Total irradiated tumor volume < 2.1 cm3 was a positive predictive factor for overall survival (P = 0.003). Ten patients (16.13%) had adverse events following irradiation, with four grade >= 3. Predictive factors of all grade toxicity were: female gender (P = 0.001) and previous treatment with MAPK (P = 0.05).Conclusion. - A long duration of immune checkpoint therapy before stereotactic radiosurgery might improve intracranial tumor control, but this relationship and its ideal timing need to be assessed in prospective trials.(c) 2023 Societe franc,aise de radiotherapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

This review of the literature provides an overview of the combination of stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in oligo-progressive non-small cell lung neoplasia. This combination showed local control of 76-100% and distant response rates of 8-60%. They reported progression-free survival of 2.7-24 months and overall survival of 13.4-41.2 months. All-grade toxicity rates ranged from 0% to 42%, with grade≥3 toxicity ranging from 0% to 14%. The combination of SBRT with ICI or TKIs exhibits a safe profile with high rates of local control with this combination. This could delay the use of a new line of systemic therapy in these patients with often limited therapeutic resources.

This review of the literature provides an overview of the combination of stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in oligo-progressive non-small cell lung neoplasia. This combination showed local control of 76-100% and distant response rates of 8-60%. They reported progression-free survival of 2.7-24 months and overall survival of 13.4-41.2 months. All-grade toxicity rates ranged from 0% to 42%, with grade≥3 toxicity ranging from 0% to 14%. The combination of SBRT with ICI or TKIs exhibits a safe profile with high rates of local control with this combination. This could delay the use of a new line of systemic therapy in these patients with often limited therapeutic resources.Cette revue de la littérature réalise un état des lieux de l’association de la radiothérapie stéréotaxique (SBRT) aux inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire (IPCI) et inhibiteurs de la tyrosine kinase (ITK) dans les néoplasies pulmonaires non à petites cellules en oligoprogression. Cette association montrait un contrôle local entre 76 et 100 % et un taux de réponse à distance entre 8 et 60 %. Elle était associée à une survie sans progression de 2,7 à 24 mois et une survie globale de 13,4 à 41,2 mois. Les taux de toxicité tous grades confondus étaient de 0 à 42 %, dont ceux de grade ≥ 3 entre 0 et 14 %. L’association de la SBRT aux IPCI ou ITK arbore un profil de sécurité avec des taux élevés de contrôle local avec cette combinaison. Cela pourrait retarder le recours à une nouvelle ligne de traitement systémique chez ces patients aux ressources thérapeutiques souvent limitées.

Purpose. - Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) is becoming a standard for most malignant sinonasal tumours. Margin analysis after piecemeal resection is complex and optimally relies on accurate histosurgical mapping. Postoperative radiotherapy may be adapted based on margin assessment mapping to reduce the dose to some sinonasal subvolumes. We assessed the use of histo surgical mapping by radiation oncologists (RO). A French practice survey was performed across 29 ENT expert RO (2 did not answer) regarding integration of information on EES, as well as quality of operative and pathology reportsto refine radiotherapy planning after EES. This was assessed through an electronic questionnaire. Results. - EES was ubiquitously performed in France. Operative and pathology reports yielded accurate description of EES samples according to 66.7% of interviewed RO. Accuracy of margin assessment was however insufficient according to more than 40.0% of RO. Additional margins/biopsies of the operative bed were available in 55.2% (16/29) of the centres. In the absence of additional margins, quality of resection after EES was considered as microscopically incomplete in 48.3% or dubious in 48.3% of RO. As performed, histosurgical mapping allowed radiotherapy dose and volumes adaptation according to 26.3% of RO only. Conclusions. - Standardized histosurgical mapping with margin and additional margin analysis could be more systematic. Advantages of accurate EES reporting could be dose painting radiotherapy to further decrease morbidity in sinonasal tumours. (c) 2021 Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Purpose. - In literature, there are no guidelines on how to prescribe dose in the case of radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic irradiation of multiple and adjacent BM. Aim of this work is to furnish practical proposals of dosimetric methods for multiple neighboring BM, and to make a literature review about the SRS treatment of multiple BM, comparing radiotherapy techniques on the basis of different dosimetric parameters. Materials and methods. - A theoretical proposal of dosimetric approaches to prescribe dose in case of multiple contiguous BM is done. A literature review between 2010 and 2020 was performed on MEDLINE and Cochrane databases according to the PRISMA methodology, with the following keywords dose prescription, radiosurgery, multiple BM. Papers not reporting dosimetric solutions to irradiate multiple BM were excluded. Results. - Only one article in the literature reports a practical modality of dose prescription for multiple adjacent BM. Thus, we proposed other five practical solutions to prescribe radiation dose in case of two or more neighboring BM, describing advantages and drawbacks of each method in terms of different dosimetric parameters. The literature review about dosimetric solutions to irradiate multiple BM led to 56 titles; 14 articles met the chosen criteria and we reported their results in terms of dosimetric indexes and low doses to the normal brain tissue. Conclusions. - The six dosimetric approaches here described can be used by physicians for multiple contiguous BM, depending on the clinical situation. These methods may be applied in clinical studies to better evaluate their usefulness in practice. (C) 2020 Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy in terms of neck failure of an initial neck dissection before definitive chemoradiotherapy in N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, as well as the dosimetric impact and the acute and delayed morbidity of this approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS:All patients consecutively treated between 2009 and 2018 with definitive chemoradiotherapy using intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMRT) for a histologically proven N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were retrospectively included. The therapeutic approach consisted of induction chemotherapy, followed by cisplatine-based chemoradiotherapy preceded or not by neck dissection. Neck dissection was discussed on a case-by-case basis in a dedicated multidisciplinary tumour board for patients with a dissociated response to induction chemotherapy, defined as a better response on the primary than on the node. Chemoradiotherapy without neck dissection was systematically performed in case of a major lymph node response to induction chemotherapy (decrease in size of 90% or more). Intensity-modulated radiotherapy using a simultaneous-integrated boost delivered 70Gy in 35 fractions on macroscopic tumour volumes, 63Gy on intermediate-risk levels or extra-nodal extension and 54Gy on prophylactic lymph node areas. RESULTS:Two groups were constituted: 47 patients without an initial neck dissection (62.7%), and 28 patients with a neck dissection prior to definitive chemoradiotherapy (37.3%). Initial patient characteristics were not statistically different between the two groups. The median follow-up was 60.1months (range: 3.2-119months). Incidence of neck failure was higher in patients without neck dissection (P=0.015). The neck failure rate at 5years was 19.8% (95% confidence interval: 7.4-30.6%; P=0.015) without neck dissection versus 0% following neck dissection. All lymph node failures occurred in the planned target volume at 70Gy. Upfront neck dissection suggested a decrease in the mean dose received by the homolateral parotid gland (P=0.01), mandible (P=0.02), and thyroid gland (P=0.02). Acute toxicity of chemoradiotherapy after neck dissection suggested a reduction in grade≥3 adverse events (P=0.04), early discontinuation of concomitant chemotherapy (P=0.009) and feeding tube-dependence (P=0.008) in univariate analysis. During follow-up, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysphagia or gastrostomy dependence in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION:Neck dissection prior to definitive chemoradiotherapy in N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was associated with high neck control without additional mid and long-term morbidity.

To assess the efficacy in terms of neck failure of an initial neck dissection (ND) before definitive chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC), as well as the dosimetric impact and the acute and delayed morbidity of this approach.

Évaluer les indications actuelles et potentielles de la photobiomodulation (PBM) et leur niveau de preuve dans la prévention ou le traitement des effets secondaires liés à la radiothérapie. Les bases de données Embase, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, Scopus, et LILACS ont systématiquement été passées en revue afin d'inclure et d'analyser les publications d'études cliniques ayant évaluées la photobiomodulation dans la prévention ou la prise en charge des effets secondaires liées à la radiothérapie. Les mots-clés utilisés étaient « photobiomodulation » ; « low level laser therapy » ; « acute oral mucositis » ; « acute dysphagia » ; « acute radiation dermatitis » ; « lymphedema » ; « xerostomia » ; « hyposalivation » ; « trismus » ; « bone necrosis » ; « osteoradionecrosis » ; « radiation induced fibrosis ». Les études prospectives ont été incluses, alors que les cohortes rétrospectives et les articles non originaux ont été exclus de l'analyse. La photobiomodulation dans le spectre du rouge ou de l'infrarouge a démontré son efficacité dans des essais contrôlés randomisés dans la prévention et la prise en charge de certaines complications liées à la radiothérapie, en particulier de la mucite aiguë, de l'épithéliite et du lymphœdème du membre supérieur. Le niveau de preuve associé à la photobiomodulation était hétérogène, mais restait globalement modéré. Les principales limites étaient la diversité et la manque de précision des protocoles de traitement qui a pu compromettre l'efficience et la reproductibilité des résultats de la photobiomodulation. Les données publiées suggèrent que la photobiomodulation pourrait donc être envisagée comme un soin de support à part entière pour les patients traités par irradiation, au moins dans le cadre d'essai clinique thérapeutique. Toutefois, tant que des données solides n'auront pas été publiées sur son innocuité à long terme, l'utilisation de la photobiomodulation doit être envisagée avec prudence, particulièrement lorsqu'elle est pratiquée proche des zones avec des tumeurs connues ou possibles. Le patient doit être informé des avantages et des risques théoriques de la photobiomodulation afin d'obtenir son consentement éclairé avant le traitement. To evaluate the current and potential indications of photobiomodulation (PBM) and their level of evidence in the prevention or management of radiation therapy-related side effects. The Embase, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, Scopus, and LILACS databases were systematically reviewed to include and analyze publications of clinical studies that have assessed PBM in the prevention or management of radiotherapy-related side effects. The keywords used were "photobiomodulation"; "low level laser therapy"; "acute oral mucositis"; "acute dysphagia"; "acute radiation dermatitis"; "lymphedema"; "xerostomia"; "hyposalivation"; "trismus"; "bone necrosis"; "osteoradionecrosis"; and "radiation induced fibrosis". Prospective studies were included, whereas retrospective cohorts and non-original articles were excluded from the analysis. PBM in the red or infrared spectrum has demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials in the prevention and management of radiotherapy-related side effects, especially acute oral mucositis, acute radiation dermatitis, and upper extremity lymphedema. The level of evidence associated with PBM was heterogeneous, but overall was still moderate. The main shortcomings were the diversity and lack of detail in treatment protocols, which could have compromised efficiency and reproducibility of PBM results. The published data suggest that PBM may be considered as a full-fledged supportive care for patients treated with radiotherapy, or at least in the setting of a therapeutic clinical trial. However, until strong evidence has been published on its long-term safety, the use of PBM should be considered with caution, specifically when applied near areas with proven or potential tumors. The patient should be informed of the theoretical benefits and risks of PBM in order to obtain his informed consent before treatment.

Primary tumours of the salivary glands account for about 5 to 10% of tumours of the head and neck. These tumours represent a multitude of situations and histologies, where surgery is the mainstay of treatment and radiotherapy is frequently needed for malignant tumours (in case of stage T3-T4, nodal involvement, extraparotid invasion, positive or close resection margins, histological high-grade tumour, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, bone involvement postoperatively, or unresectable tumours). The diagnosis relies on anatomic and functional MRI and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for the diagnostic of benign or malignant tumors. In addition to patient characteristics, the determination of primary and nodal target volumes depends on tumor extensions and stage, histology and grade. Therefore, radiotherapy of salivary gland tumors requires a certain degree of personalization, which has been codified in the recommendations of the French multidisciplinary network of expertise for rare ENT cancers (Refcor) and may justify a specialised multidisciplinary discussion. Although radiotherapy is usually recommended for malignant tumours only, recurrent pleomorphic adenomas may sometimes require radiotherapy based on multidisciplinary discussion. An update of indications and recommendations for radiotherapy for salivary gland tumours in terms of techniques, doses, target volumes and dose constraints to organs at risk of the French society for radiotherapy and oncology (SFRO) was reported in this article.

Il s'agissait d'évaluer l'efficacité en termes d'échec ganglionnaire du curage ganglionnaire cervical initial dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes de l'oropharynx de stade N2-3 pris en charge par chimioradiothérapie exclusive, ainsi que l'impact dosimétrique et la tolérance aiguë et tardive de cette approche. Tous les patients consécutivement pris en charge entre 2009 et 2018 par chimioradiothérapie exclusive à l'aide d'une radiothérapie conformationelle avec modulation d'intensité (RCMI) pour un carcinome épidermoïde de l'oropharynx de stade N2-3 selon la septième édition de la classification TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) ont été rétrospectivement inclus. La stratégie thérapeutique consistait en une chimiothérapie d'induction, suivie d'une chimioradiothérapie exclusive à base de cisplatine précédée ou non d'un curage ganglionnaire cervical. Le curage ganglionnaire cervical a été discuté au cas par cas en réunion de concertation multidisciplinaire dédiée chez les patients en situation de réponse dissociée à la chimiothérapie d'induction, à savoir une réponse de meilleure qualité sur la tumeur primitive que sur les ganglions. Une chimioradiothérapie sans curage ganglionnaire cervical a été systématiquement réalisée en cas de réponse ganglionnaire majeure à la chimiothérapie d'induction (diminution en taille de 90 % ou plus). La RCMI délivrait en boost intégré une dose de 70 Gy en 35 fractions dans les volumes tumoraux macroscopiques, 63 Gy dans les aires ganglionnaires à risque intermédiaire ou en rupture capsulaire et 54 Gy dans celles irradiées à visée prophylactique. Deux groupes ont été constitués : 47 (62,7 %) patients sans curage ganglionnaire cervical initial, et 28 (37,3 %) patients avec un curage ganglionnaire cervical avant la chimioradiothérapie. Les caractéristiques initiales des patients n'étaient pas statistiquement différentes entre les deux groupes. Le recul médian était de 60,1 [3,2–119] mois. L'incidence des échecs ganglionnaires était plus élevée chez les patients n'ayant pas eu de curage ganglionnaire cervical (p = 0,015). Le taux d'échec ganglionnaire à 5 ans était de 19,8 % (intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 7,4–30,6) en l'absence de curage ganglionnaire cervical contre aucune rechute (0 %) après curage ganglionnaire cervical. Tous les échecs ganglionnaires se trouvaient dans le volume cible prévisionnel à 70 Gy. Le curage ganglionnaire cervical a permis une diminution de la dose moyenne reçue par la parotide homolatérale (p = 0,01), la mandibule (p = 0,02) et la thyroïde (p = 0,02). La tolérance aiguë de la chimioradiothérapie avait tendance à être meilleure chez les patients ayant eu un curage ganglionnaire avec une réduction des événements indésirables de grade ≥ 3 (p = 0,04), de l'arrêt précoce de la chimiothérapie concomitante (p = 0,009) et du recours à une gastrostomie (p = 0,008) en analyse unifactorielle. Au cours du suivi, il n'existait aucune différence entre les deux groupes en termes de xérostomie, de dysgueusie, de dysphagie ou de dépendance à la gastrostomie en analyse unifactorielle. Le curage ganglionnaire cervical avant la chimioradiothérapie exclusive dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes de l'oropharynx de stade N2-3 était associé à un très bon taux de contrôle ganglionnaire sans morbidité supplémentaire à moyen et long termes. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy in terms of neck failure of an initial neck dissection before definitive chemoradiotherapy in N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, as well as the dosimetric impact and the acute and delayed morbidity of this approach. All patients consecutively treated between 2009 and 2018 with definitive chemoradiotherapy using intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMRT) for a histologically proven N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were retrospectively included. The therapeutic approach consisted of induction chemotherapy, followed by cisplatine-based chemoradiotherapy preceded or not by neck dissection. Neck dissection was discussed on a case-by-case basis in a dedicated multidisciplinary tumour board for patients with a dissociated response to induction chemotherapy, defined as a better response on the primary than on the node. Chemoradiotherapy without neck dissection was systematically performed in case of a major lymph node response to induction chemotherapy (decrease in size of 90% or more). Intensity-modulated radiotherapy using a simultaneous-integrated boost delivered 70 Gy in 35 fractions on macroscopic tumour volumes, 63 Gy on intermediate-risk levels or extra-nodal extension and 54 Gy on prophylactic lymph node areas. Two groups were constituted: 47 patients without an initial neck dissection (62.7%), and 28 patients with a neck dissection prior to definitive chemoradiotherapy (37.3%). Initial patient characteristics were not statistically different between the two groups. The median follow-up was 60.1 months (range: 3.2–119 months). Incidence of neck failure was higher in patients without neck dissection (P = 0.015). The neck failure rate at 5 years was 19.8% (95% confidence interval: 7.4–30.6%; P = 0.015) without neck dissection versus 0% following neck dissection. All lymph node failures occurred in the planned target volume at 70 Gy. Upfront neck dissection suggested a decrease in the mean dose received by the homolateral parotid gland (P = 0.01), mandible (P = 0.02), and thyroid gland (P = 0.02). Acute toxicity of chemoradiotherapy after neck dissection suggested a reduction in grade ≥ 3 adverse events (P = 0.04), early discontinuation of concomitant chemotherapy (P = 0.009) and feeding tube-dependence (P = 0.008) in univariate analysis. During follow-up, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysphagia or gastrostomy dependence in univariate analysis. Neck dissection prior to definitive chemoradiotherapy in N2-3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was associated with high neck control without additional mid and long-term morbidity.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the current and potential indications of photobiomodulation (PBM) and their level of evidence in the prevention or management of radiation therapy-related side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The Embase, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, Scopus, and LILACS databases were systematically reviewed to include and analyze publications of clinical studies that have assessed PBM in the prevention or management of radiotherapy-related side effects. The keywords used were "photobiomodulation"; "low level laser therapy"; "acute oral mucositis"; "acute dysphagia"; "acute radiation dermatitis"; "lymphedema"; "xerostomia"; "hyposalivation"; "trismus"; "bone necrosis"; "osteoradionecrosis"; and "radiation induced fibrosis". Prospective studies were included, whereas retrospective cohorts and non-original articles were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS:PBM in the red or infrared spectrum has demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials in the prevention and management of radiotherapy-related side effects, especially acute oral mucositis, acute radiation dermatitis, and upper extremity lymphedema. The level of evidence associated with PBM was heterogeneous, but overall was still moderate. The main shortcomings were the diversity and lack of detail in treatment protocols, which could have compromised efficiency and reproducibility of PBM results. CONCLUSION:The published data suggest that PBM may be considered as a full-fledged supportive care for patients treated with radiotherapy, or at least in the setting of a therapeutic clinical trial. However, until strong evidence has been published on its long-term safety, the use of PBM should be considered with caution, specifically when applied near areas with proven or potential tumors. The patient should be informed of the theoretical benefits and risks of PBM in order to obtain his informed consent before treatment.

PURPOSE:Management of head and neck cancers of unknown primary (HNCUP) combines neck dissection (ND) and radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. The prognostic value of ND has hardly been studied in HNCUP.METHODS:A retrospective multicentric study assessed the impact of ND extent (adenectomy, selective ND, radical/radical-modified ND) on nodal relapse, progression-free survival (PFS) or survival, taking into account nodal stage.RESULTS:53 patients (16.5%) had no ND, 33 (10.2%) had lymphadenectomy, 116 (36.0%) underwent selective ND and 120 underwent radical/radical-modified ND (37.3%), 15 of which received radical ND (4.7%). With a 34-month median follow-up, the 3-year incidence of nodal relapse was 12.5% and progression-free survival (PFS) 69.1%. In multivariate analysis after adjusting for nodal stage, the risk of nodal relapse or progression was reduced with lymphadenectomy, selective or radical/modified ND, but survival rates were similar. Patients undergoing lymphadenectomy or ND had a better PFS and lowered nodal relapse incidence in the N1 + N2a group, but the improvement was not significant for the N2b or N2 + N3c patients. Severe toxicity rates exceeded 40% with radical ND.CONCLUSION:In HNCUP, ND improves PFS, regardless of nodal stage. The magnitude of the benefit of ND does not appear to depend on ND extent and decreases with a more advanced nodal stage.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is an unmet medical need associated with death in 4–6 weeks without treatment, delayed by 4 months in some patients with favorable prognosis and aggressive multimodal therapy. Unfortunately, most clinical trials excluded patients with LC, and the best management remains unknown.Here we present the first report of a LC secondary to HR positive breast cancer with a complete response to CDK4/6 inhibitors abemaciclib, letrozole and hippocampal-avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy.

Opinion statement The mainstay treatment of localized non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is surgical excision or Mohs surgery. However, approximately 5% of patients with NMSC harbor high-risk clinicopathologic features for loco-regional recurrence, and distant metastasis. Prognostic factors such as close or positive margins, tumor size ≥ 2 cm, poor tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, depth of invasion, and immunosuppression have all been associated with increased loco-regional recurrence and impaired survival rates. In these patients more aggressive treatments are needed and radiotherapy (RT) is often discussed as adjuvant therapy after surgical resection. Due to the retrospective setting and the heterogeneity of the available studies, indications for adjuvant RT in patients with localized resected NMSC harboring high-risk features remain debated. Studies highlighting the limitations of our current understanding of the independent prognosis of each risk factor are needed to better define the role of adjuvant RT on outcome of localized NMSC and standardize its indications in the clinical setting.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of a large consecutive series of 362 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. Sixty-one patients (226 metastases) were treated using Gamma-Knife and 63 patients (136 metastases) using linear accelerator. The association of SRS with TKI is highly efficient in brain metastases from RCC and, appears safe and avoids whole-brain radiotherapy. Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes in terms of efficacy and safety of a large consecutive series of 362 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases treated using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. Patients and Methods: From 2005 to 2015, 362 consecutive patients with brain metastases from RCC were treated using SRS in 1 fraction: 226 metastases (61 patients) using Gamma-Knife at a median of 18 Gy (50% isodose line); 136 metastases (63 patients) using linear accelerator at a median of 16 Gy (70% isodose line). The median patient age was 58 years. At the first SRS, 37 patients (31%) received a systemic treatment. Among systemic therapies, TKIs were the most common (65%). Results: The local control rates were 94% and 92% at 12 and 36 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a minimal dose >17 Gy and concomitant TKI treatment were associated with higher rates of local control. The overall survival rates at 12 and 36 months were 52% and 29%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with poor survival included age >= 65 years, lower score index for SRS, concomitant lung metastases, time between RCC diagnosis and first systemic metastasis <= 4 months, occurrence during treatment with a systemic therapy, no history of neurosurgery, and persistence or occurrence of neurological symptoms at 3 months after SRS. Seventeen patients had Grade III/IV adverse effects of whom 3 patients presented a symptomatic radionecrosis. Conclusion: SRS is highly effective in patients with brain metastases from RCC. Its association with TKIs does not suggest higher risk of neurologic toxicity. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.