OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to encapsulate calcium ions in mesoporous silica coated with a polyelectrolyte multilayer, incorporate these particles into an experimental mouthrinse, and evaluate their potential to control dental erosion-abrasion. METHODS:Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were assigned to five groups: NaF (225 ppmF⁻), Ca²⁺ (encapsulated calcium), Ca+F (encapsulated calcium + NaF), F+Sn (225 ppmF⁻; 800 ppmSn²⁺), and Control (distilled water). Fluoride availability was measured using an ion-selective electrode. Specimens underwent a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model with citric acid challenges, brushing, and treatment with the assigned solutions. Surface loss (µm) was quantified by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5 %). RESULTS:Fluoride-containing solutions exhibited the expected ion availability, and no interaction between fluoride and encapsulated calcium was detected. In enamel, only F+Sn (4.81±0.13) significantly reduced surface loss compared to the Control (9.91±0.06) (p < 0.001). In dentin, Ca+F (10.39±0.48) significantly reduced surface loss relative to the Control (12.07±1.33) (p = 0.014) and did not differ from F+Sn (9.10±1.29) (p = 0.095). NaF and Ca alone showed no significant protective effect for either substrate. CONCLUSIONS:Mesoporous silica loaded with calcium, when combined with NaF, provided protection against dentin erosive wear but did not reduce enamel loss. Tin-containing formulations remained the most effective option for enamel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:A fluoride mouthrinse containing calcium encapsulated in mesoporous silica demonstrated protective potential for dentin under erosive-abrasive conditions, offering a promising tin-free alternative for individuals with dentin exposure requiring management of erosive tooth wear.

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing fluoride and aminomethacrylate copolymer associations on enamel and dentin, using a randomized crossover in situ model. METHODS:Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were fixed in intraoral devices. Participants (n = 12) installed the devices and rinsed with seven experimental solutions in a randomized sequence, with 2-day washout between them: Ultrapure water-C; Sodium fluoride-F (225 ppmF-); Stannous Chloride-Sn (800 ppm Sn2+); Aminomethacrylate- AA (2 %); FSn; F+AA; FSn+AA. After treatments, they retained the device for acquired pellicle maturation (30 min). Specimens were then extraorally exposed to 0.03 % HCl, pH 2.3 (3 min). This cycling was repeated six times. Calcium released from the acid solutions was measured photometrically, and mineral loss (ML) was calculated. KOHsoluble fluoride (μg/cm2) and surface microhardness (KHNred) were also measured. Data were submitted to RM-ANOVA and Tukey tests (5 %). RESULTS:For mineral loss in enamel, the F+AA and FSn+AA solutions were statistically superior than F and FSn, respectively. In dentin, the F+AA solution showed the best performance (p < 0.001). The KHNred results for the enamel were: C = Sn < AA = F = FSn < F+AA = FSn+AA. The FSn groups exhibited higher concentration of fluoride adsorbed on both enamel and dentin surface (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The addition of aminomethacrylate copolymer to fluoride solutions improved their efficacy in protecting the tooth against erosion in the presence of acquired pellicle, being a promising agent to be incorporated in mouthrinses. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:The investigation of the anti-erosive effect of polymers and fluoride provides subsidies for identifying the most promising associations, which open new perspectives for the development of formulations capable of preventing erosion progression to more advanced stages, which requires complex and costly restorative interventions.

This study investigates a novel approach to corrosion protection of carbon steel by incorporating natural inhibitor residues into a double-layer TEOS/GPTMS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate/3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) sol-gel system. Garlic peel and cocoa shell were applied in the first layer, followed by a TEOS/GPTMS topcoat. This configuration represents one of the first reported approaches to integrate waste-derived natural inhibitors into a double-layer TEOS/GPTMS sol-gel system for carbon steel corrosion protection. Electrochemical and surface characterization demonstrated significant improvement in corrosion resistance. The double-layer with garlic peel reached an impedance of 153.2 k Omegacm2, over 20 times higher than its monolayer counterpart. For cocoa, the double-layer showed an increase from 14.0 Omegacm2 to 25.3 Omegacm2, indicating a twofold enhancement. The coatings also improved surface hydrophobicity, with contact angles of 87.3 degrees for the garlic-based double-layer and 81.9 degrees for the cocoa-based double-layer. These features contribute to greater water repellency and longer-term durability. This strategy highlights the potential of waste-derived natural inhibitors in sustainable sol-gel coatings for corrosion protection.

The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5％NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corrodedareas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the erosive potential of a soft drink modified with film-forming polymers and calcium on bovine enamel and dentin. METHODS:Sprite Zero Sugar was modified with linear sodium polyphosphate (LPP-10 g/L) and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP-10 g/L), individually or combined with calcium lactate pentahydrate (CLP-4.35 g/L). Enamel and dentin specimens were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10/substrate): 1. C- (negative control-no modification); 2. LPP; 3. TMP; 4. LPP+CLP; 5. TMP+CLP; 6. C+ (positive control-CLP). The specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling. Surface loss (SL, in μm) was measured with an optical profilometer. Color and viscosity of the drinks were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). RESULTS:For enamel and dentin, LPP significantly reduced the erosive effect of the drink compared to C- (p < 0.001 for both), with reductions of approximately 53 % and 41 %, respectively. TMP showed no significant difference from C- for both substrates. C+ reduced SL by 87 % in enamel and 38 % in dentin when compared to C- (p < 0.001). When CLP was combined with the polymers, in enamel, a 97 % reduction in SL for LPP+CLP and TMP+CLP was observed. In dentin, reductions of 56 % and 48 % were observed for LPP+CLP and TMP+CLP. No significant differences were observed between the groups and the C- regarding color and viscosity (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:All solutions containing calcium lactate (CLP) were effective in reducing the erosive potential of the original soft drink. The combinations of CLP with LPP or TMP significantly enhanced protection, especially for dentin. Notably, LPP alone was effective in minimizing erosion of both enamel and dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Reducing the erosion potential of soft drinks may benefit non-collaborative individuals with high risk for erosive tooth wear.

One way to protect carbon steel from corrosion is through pretreatment and corrosion inhibitors, such as the use of silane layers that can protect against corrosion. In this study, the corrosion resistance of the tetraethyl orthosilicate/3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane hybrid film modified with garlic peel powder or cocoa shell powder on carbon steel was evaluated. By electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) it was observed that the incorporation of inhibitors promoted higher values of impedance modulus compared to the bare metal substrate or in the absence of inhibitor, and the concentration of 1.77 g/L provided the best performance for both natural inhibitors. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the addition of inhibitors to the hybrid film promoted better hydrolysis in the formation of the films. By the scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy it was noted that there was the formation of the hybrid film on the metal surface, and the insertion of the inhibitor to the silane film enabled the formation of grains that precipitate from the deposition of the inhibitor on the substrate surface. The scanning vibrating electrode technique shows that the inhibitors improved corrosion resistance of the hybrid film, corroborating with the EIS analysis. The contact angle shows that the presence of the inhibitor in the silane film makes it less hydrophilic. The roughness profile shows that the hybrid film with cocoa has the highest roughness represented by a higher average value of average roughness (Rz).

The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of Bidens pilosa extract as a corrosion inhibitor for 1008 carbon steel in a neutral medium of 0.1 M NaCl. The research has been accomplished by weight loss measurements, linear polarization resistance (Rp) monitoring and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Phytochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to determine bioactive components and detect the main functional groups of Bidens pilosa extract, respectively. The morpholo­gical characterization of the substrate was carried out by optical microscopy (OM). Different isotherms were evaluated to understand more clearly the adsorption mechanism of the inhibitor extract molecules on the surface of the 1008 carbon steel substrate, and the best fit was obtained for the Langmuir isotherm. The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased with an increase of the concentration of the inhibitor up to 1000 ppm, reaching a maximum efficiency value of 82.9 % from gravimetric tests, and 73.1 % from the fitting of EIS data to an equivalent electric circuit. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested the formation of a monolayer of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The ΔGoads value (-22.8 kJ mol-1) determined from the Langmuir isotherm model indicated that adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the substrate surface follows a physisorption mechanism. This research revealed that Bidens pilosa extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor and emerges as an alternative to replace synthetic corrosion inhibitors that are harmful to health and cause damage to the environment.

The co-deposition of natural particles was studied in zinc electroplating on mild steel in the acidic sulfate bath aiming a composite coating. Despite most papers reported the effect of natural extracts in such process, the evaluation of natural particles adhered to the coating was not explored yet. The process efficiency, surface morphological changes, and corrosion resistance were evaluated in different concentrations of avocado seed powder (ASP, Persea americana), cocoa bean shell powder (CBSP, Theobroma cacao), and garlic peel powder (GPP, Allium sativum). In general, the current efficiency was not significantly influenced by the presence of any natural particles, reaching values over 90 %. The presence of natural particles impacted the active sites on the substrate surface, modifying the grain growth assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The GPP samples showed better visual aspect and higher compactivity. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, such natural particles are constituted by molecules of long carbon chains with chemical groups – amines, carboxylic acids, and phenols. Hence, the presence of natural particles in the coating layer led to different responses in the contact angle test, where GPP samples showed higher wettability (θ < 90°), followed by ASP and CBSP samples (θ > 100°). Such behavior indicates a greater bath penetration during the electroplating process in the presence of more hydrophilic particles, which may have resulted in the refined deposits of the GPP samples. The concentration of 0.330 g/L GPP presented higher impedance modulus (6548.3 Ω.cm2 at 0.03 Hz) in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIE) and reduced the anodic ionic current density at least four times in the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). The same was observed in the salt spray test (SST) adapting ASTM B117, which revealed to be sensitive enough to indicate that the 0.330 g/L GPP sample showed greater corrosion resistance.

This study evaluated the effect of solutions containing aminomethacrylate copolymer (AA) and sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-) or fluoride plus stannous chloride (FSn; 225 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+) against enamel and dentin erosion/abrasion. Solutions F, FSn, AA, F+AA, FSn+AA, and deionized water as negative control were tested. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n = 13/solution/substrate) underwent a set of erosion-abrasion cycles (0.3% citric acid [5 min, 4×/day], human saliva [1 h, 4×/day], brushing [15 s, 2×/day], and treatments [2 min, 2×/day]) for each of five days. Initial enamel erosion was evaluated using Knoop microhardness after the first and second acid challenge on day 1, and surface loss with profilometry after day 5. KOH-soluble fluoride was assessed. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey tests. The combination of fluoride and AA resulted in higher protection against enamel erosion, whereas this was not the case for the combination of AA and FSn. All treatments protected against enamel and dentin loss. The lowest surface loss values were observed with F+AA and FSn+AA. The polymer did not significantly influence the KOH-soluble fluoride formation on enamel/dentin specimens. The aminomethacrylate copolymer effectively enhanced the efficacy of sodium fluoride against initial erosion and improved the control of enamel and dentin wear of F and FSn solutions.

Research on eco-friendly methods led to the investigation of natural inhibitors and silane films modified with nanostructured mesoporous silica (SBA-15), a molecular sieve that can carry molecules with inhibitory properties. Combining natural extracts such as cocoa husk with SBA-15 aims to develop an enhanced silane-based pretreatment. This involves obtaining an alcoholic extract, and then mixing it with SBA-15 to modify the silane film. Different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) of SBA-15 loaded with extract were prepared. Electrochemical tests, especially electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in a 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution, revealed improved corrosion resistance with the tetraethylorthosilane (TEOS) film modified using 3% SBA-15 loaded with extract. Scanning electron microscopy showed the film and SBA-15 on the steel surface, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified functional groups characteristic of SBA-15, pure or loaded, and silane film. Therefore, it was possible to enhance the TEOS silane film by adding SBA-15 loaded with plant residue extract.

Phospholipids emerge as a powerful tool to be used as a coating for biomaterials, as they can increase the biocompatibility of the material and inhibit the growth of bacterial cells. Here, POPE phospholipid was deposited on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces by using a simple method, seeking to improve the corrosion resistance of the base material. Results show that the electrochemical potential of the Ti-6Al-4V/POPE is more positive than that observed in the base material, which could indicate a lower susceptibility to corrosion. Two EECs were used to explain the corrosion mechanisms of the coated and uncoated specimens, demonstrating the base material displays an oxide layer about 1.86 nm in the beginning of the corrosion tests and 2.59 nm after 24 h of immersion. Due to the complexity of the system containing lipids deposited on the metallic matrix, the corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V/POPE was evaluated considering only the evolution of the CPEs with immersion times. This work shows that the use of POPE for coating the Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased the corrosion resistance of the base material, expanding the range of advantages in the use of this surface treatment in the development of new biomaterials.

Ecological pigments represent an innovative class of materials suitable for incorporation into epoxy primers. This study outlines a methodology for integrating coconut microfibers as environmentally friendly pigments in epoxy organic coatings. Two types of microfibers were utilized: untreated (UM) and treated (TM) coconut fibers, incorporated into coatings at PVC levels of 2.5 and 5.0

The development of ZnCo alloys appeared as alternative for obtaining layers more resistant than the conventional zinc with a minimum increment of cost. The aim of this work is to study the electrodeposition mechanism of the ZnCo alloy on SAE 1020 carbon steel by cyclic voltammetry using two baths with different [Zn2+]/[Co2+] concentration ratios and also to evaluate the corrosion resistance in 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl of electrodeposits obtained potentiostatically using electrochemical techniques as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The voltammograms showed two anodic peaks attributed to dissolution of zinc rich ƞ-phases and cobalt, and a cathodic peak related to ZnCo alloy deposition. The nucleation mechanisms were examined by fitting the experimental data (chronoamperometry) into the Scharifker and Hills nucleation models. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the electrodeposits obtained for the [Zn2+]/[Co2+] 9:1 ratio presented a structure in the form of hexagonal platelets in comparison to the electrodeposits with [Zn2+]/[Co2+] 12:1 ratio, which presented cauliflower-shaped structures. On the other hand, the electrochemical techniques proved that the electrodeposits obtained for the [Zn2+]/[Co2+] 9:1 ratio at potential of −1450 mV presented the best anticorrosive properties. Structural and chemical characterization of coatings was accomplished by XRD and XRF.

In this work, novel poly(urea-formaldehyde-melamine) microcapsules containing dehydrated castor oil (DCO) were synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization to promote self-healing for epoxy coatings. DCO is a green and low-cost drying oil with intermediate drying between linseed oil and tung oil, providing self-healing through oxidative polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed microcapsules with a spherical and smooth morphology with a shell thickness around 500 nm. Microcapsules obtained a mean diameter of 24 mu m by laser diffraction. The core content and the encapsulation yield were 86 wt% and 81 %, respectively, as determined by Soxhlet extraction. Microcapsules were doped at 15 wt% loading to a high solids epoxy mastic primer. Abrasive blasted carbon steel substrates were coated with the epoxy primers (with or without microcapsules) and a polyurethane topcoat. Despite decreasing the pull-off force, adhesion of coatings containing microcapsules was still high and above 10 MPa and failure mode was cohesive in the primer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results of coatings without defect, after 1 year of immersion in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution, showed that microcapsules preserved original coating barrier properties. Coatings doped with microcapsules containing an artificial defect showed higher impedance values by EIS and lower electrochemical activity by scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), pointing out the self-healing protection provided by dehydrated castor oil film by undergoing oxidative polymerization. Self-healing performance was confirmed after 4200 h of ISO 12944-9 cyclic corrosion test for offshore structures, where microcapsules reduced 30% of the corrosion around the scribe, bridging the gap between the development of novel smart particles and their long-term performance in self-healing coatings. This work demonstrates that microcapsules containing dehydrated castor oil can provide long-term self-healing protection to epoxy coatings even under very corrosive atmospheres.

The microencapsulation of vegetable drying oils is an established strategy to develop smart coatings with self‐healing properties. The literature has mostly focused on evaluating linseed oil (LO) and tung oil (TO) as self‐healing agents. There is a lack of studies regarding the application of other drying oils in smart coatings and a comparison between different vegetable oils as self‐healing agents has yet to be carried out. In this work, the self‐healing potential of different seed oils was assessed in terms of their drying and anticorrosive properties. The investigation was focused on chia oil (CO), dehydrated castor oil (DCO), LO, and TO. Drying times were assessed under different cobalt (Co) drier contents. Drying kinetics was carried out by monitoring changes in viscosity with time and following the evolution of infrared spectra during drying. Barrier properties of the polymerized oil‐based coatings were assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of carbon steel coated samples during immersion in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution. It was found that the type of oil and concentration of drier play an important role on favoring the self‐healing effect. The concentration of 0.2 wt% Co was found optimum for encapsulation to accelerate self‐healing, as oils dry up to three times faster in comparison with the lowest drier content studied (0.025 wt% Co). TO obtained the best drying properties, with set‐to‐touch times around 1 h and rapidly forming a tack‐free film, however, TO coatings ended up being extremely cracked, which compromised its barrier properties. LO obtained the slowest drying, while CO and DCO exhibited intermediate drying between TO and LO. DCO showed the best anticorrosive properties among investigated oils, as its coating was the only one that did not show any decrease in impedance with time, whereas TO and LO coatings presented a decrease in up to one order of magnitude in impedance. Overall, the good drying and barrier properties of DCO strongly stimulate its use as feedstock for self‐healing coatings. Results are discussed in terms of fatty acid composition and oxidative polymerization mechanisms. Conclusions help with the selection of seed oils as self‐healing agents that can further extend the lifetime of anticorrosive coatings.

We present an innovative breakthrough encompassing synthesis, characterization, and age monitoring of epoxy resin and polyamine hardener microcapsules to form a dual-component system for self-healing anticorrosion coatings. The epoxy resin microcapsules (ER-MC) are fabricated through oil-water emulsion and in situ polymerization, with poly (urea-formaldehyde-melamine) as shell material and a mixture of epoxy resin and n-butyl glycidyl ether as core material. Modified aliphatic fast reactive polyamine hardener is microencapsulated with polymethylmethacrylate as shell using double emulsion and solvent evaporation method (PAH-MC). Characterization includes optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size analyzer utilizing laser diffraction. The resulting microcapsules exhibited spherical shape with smooth surface devoid of porosity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection is utilized to confirm encapsulation by identifying the chemical structures of both microcapsule constituents. The thermogravimetric analysis further confirms the core content of microcapsules obtained from solvent extraction. ER-MC contains approximately 66 wt %, while PAH-MC stands 40 wt %, both showcasing remarkable thermal stability below 200 degrees C. A ten-month storage period fails to diminish the presence of the healing agents encapsulated within the polymeric walls, which is revealed by Raman spectroscopy utilizing 2D compositional mapping. This research demonstrates the viability of creating dual microcapsules and exemplify their potential for developing self-healing coatings with dual-component film-forming healing agents. Synthesis and age monitoring of dual-component microcapsules for self-healing coatings. image

This work aims to investigate the influence of niobium and carbon nanostructured coatings on the corrosion resistance of the 316L SS. The coated and uncoated specimens were morphologically and structurally characterized by using OM, SEM/EDX, DRX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and XPS techniques. The corrosion behaviour was assessed by OCP, PPc, EIS as well as immersion tests in 0.6 mol L-1 NaCl solution. In addition, the average contact angles were used to evaluate the surfaces free energy by the Van Oss interfacial tension component theory approach. Results showed that the surface treatments positively influenced the corrosion resistance of the 316L SS and the coatings act as a protective barrier against corrosion process. The reactive sputtering technique increased the wettability of the surfaces in relation to the base material. Considering applications in aggressive media, the 316L SS/Nb2O5 specimen exhibits superior performance when compared to the base material and 316L SS/carbon.

The development of Zn - Co alloys appeared as alternative for obtaining layers more resistant than the conventional zinc with a minimum increment of cost. The aim of this work is to study the electrodeposition mechanism of the Zn - Co alloy on SAE 1020 carbon steel by cyclic voltammetry using two baths with different [Zn2+]/[Co2+] concentration ratios and also to evaluate the corrosion resistance in 0.1 mol L-1 NaCl of electrodeposits obtained potentiostatically using electrochemical techniques as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The voltammograms showed two anodic peaks attributed to dissolution of zinc rich eta-phases and cobalt, and a cathodic peak related to Zn - Co alloy deposition. The nucleation mechanisms were examined by fitting the experimental data (chronoamperometry) into the Scharifker and Hills nucleation models. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the electrodeposits obtained for the [Zn2+]/[Co2+] 9:1 ratio presented a structure in the form of hexagonal platelets in comparison to the electrodeposits with [Zn2+]/[Co2+] 12:1 ratio, which presented cauliflower-shaped structures. On the other hand, the electrochemical techniques proved that the electrodeposits obtained for the [Zn2+]/[Co2+] 9:1 ratio at potential of -1450 mV presented the best anticorrosive properties. Structural and chemical characterization of coatings was accomplished by XRD and XRF.

Objetivo: Analisar a resistência à corrosão por pites dos aços inoxidáveis AISI 304 e AISI 420 em meio contendo cloretos (solução de NaCl a 0,9 e 3,5%, em massa), assim como sua citotoxicidade,in vitro, em amostras com e sem corrosão por pites. Método: Estudo experimental. Utilizaram-se técnicas de polarização potenciodinâmica cíclica (PPC) para caracterizar extensão e forma do ataque corrosivo nas amostras. O método de difusão em ágar e avaliação da viabilidade da linhagem celular NCTC clone 929 (CCIAL 020) foi empregado para avaliar a citotoxicidade de amostras dos aços com e sem pites. Resultados: O aço AISI 304 apresentou resistência à corrosão superior ao aço AISI 420. Os valores dos potenciais de pite caíram para ambos os aços quando se aumentou a concentração de cloretos na solução agressiva. Houve moderada toxicidade celular (grau 3 — ISO 10993-5) em todas as amostras. Conclusão: Os resultados corroboraram as recomendações para evitar a imersão desnecessária dos instrumentais em soluções salinas. A citotoxicidade moderada para esses aços contraindica seu uso em dispositivos implantáveis, apenas em instrumentos cirúrgicos.