Through this research, we have carried out monthly water quality monitoring in Lake Badovci using microbiological, physico-chemical and diatomic indicators of algae, in order to provide credible data regarding the quality of water in Lake Badovci.The monitoring took place between December 2020 and May 2021.Three sample sites were selected: at the entrance, in the center and in the catchment area.Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, aerobic mesophyllic bacteria, and actinomycetes were all analyzed microbiologically.Dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrates organic carbon, total hardness, total hardness of calcium and magnesium, chlorides, fluorides, M-alkalinity, bicarbonates and heavy metals such as Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu and Cd.The highest levels of physicochemical and microbiological indices were found in January and lasted until February at the first sample location.This is due to the torrential rains that have resulted in increased inflows from the rivers that flow into this lake.According to diatomic indices (Descry, Rott SI, IDG, IPS, IBD, and CEE), water has an excellent ecological status and is oligo-mesotrophic, except for some indices that showed a moderate ecological status and mesotrophic level.The activities of monitoring, planning, and management of the waters in this lake, which is used for drinking water supply, washing, and fishing, have to be done regularly.

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of water in lake Batllava, through which, a part of the population of the Pristina region is supplied with drinkable water.Lake Batlava is a lake built in the 1970s.This lake is located in the village of Batlava in the municipality of Podujeva.The supply of this lake with water is made from the Brvenica river.Monitoring was finished during the period from December 2020 to May 2021.The sample were taken in three championic places: at the entrance of the lake, in the middle and in the spill, on two levels, in the surface and at depth of 30 cm.The analyzed microbiological parameters are: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and aerobic mesophilic bacteria.The physical-chemical parameters are: dissolved oxygen, saturation with O 2 , water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, total soluble matter, total suspended matter, turbidity, chemical demand for oxygen, biochemical demand for oxygen, total organic carbon, nitrate, total solidity of calcium, magnesium, ammonia ion, chloride, sulphates, fluurite, M-alkalines, bicarbonates and heavy metals, such as: Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd.The results showed that most physical-chemical and microbiological parameters are within the limit allowed by the WHO and EPA, except in some cases where during the precipitation season there have been several overruns and for this reason, it is recommended to take monthly monitoring of the water of Lake Batllava to achieve a real assessment.

Total mesophilic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteria as well as yeast and moulds were investigated during the production of the traditional Rugova cheese without using any starter culture. This type of cheese has been produced and consumed by the local population in the Rugova region for centuries, and is important for their economy. Samples from different stages of production (raw milk, curd and cheese during maturation on day 1, 8 and 14) were collected from local farms in the Rugova region, Kosovo, during winter. After sample collection and their serial dilution, samples were plate on different media and incubated at the appropriate temperature. According to identical morphology and physiology the number of 52 isolates obtained from de Man, Rogosa, and Shape (MRS), and M 17 agar was reduced to ten Gram-positive and catalase negative strains. These strains were subjected to API 50 CHL fermentation profiling. There was a variety of microbial groups detected in all stages of cheese production, with the dominant microbial groups being Lactococcus (from 6.44 log cfu/ml in milk to 8.39 log cfu/gr in cheese D14) and Lactobacillus (from 5.79 log cfu/ml in milk to 7.58 log cfu/gr in cheese D14). Enterobacter and yeast and moulds were found in lower amounts compared to the other microbes in all stages. The level of Leuconostoc was approximately the same as Lactobacillus. Almost all microbial groups were low in curd and started to increase from day one of cheese manufacturing. Three of the ten isolates were identified as Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, four as Lactobacillus plantarum (2 isolates) and L. curvatus (2 isolates). One isolate of each of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, L. brevis and L. pentosus were identified. These results confirm the competitiveness of high numbers of LAB during fermentation of this cheese.

Novel 4-substituted pyran-2-one derivatives were synthesized by condensation of 6-methylpyran-2-ones and corresponding 2-aminobenzothiazoles. Condensation of 4-chloro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 2 and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 3(a-c) afforded corresponding 4-(2-benzothiazolylamino)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 4a, 4-(4-methyl-2-benzothiazolylamino)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 4b and 4-(5,6-dimethyl-2-benzothiazolylamino)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 4c . By condensation of 4-chloro-3-nitro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 6a and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 3(a, d), 4-(2-benzothiazolylamino)-3-nitro-6-methyl-2H[1]-pyran-2-one 4d and 4-(6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolylamino)-3-nitro-6-methyl-2H[1]-pyran-2-one 4e were synthesized. The synthesized products were characterized on the basis of IR, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra. The antibacterial activity is examined by measuring the inhibition zones around the disks impregnated with the corresponding product solutions in N,N-DMF concentration 2 mg/mL , 4 mg/mL and 6 mg/mLand results are reported.

Synthesis of Some Novel Derivatives of Substituted 2H-[1]- Benzopyran-2-Ones and Their Antimicrobial Activity Ramiz HOTI, Naser Troni, Idriz VEHAPI, GJyle MULLIQI-OSMANI, Hamit ISMAILI, Veprim THAÇI Abstract Novel derivatives of substituted bezopyran-2-ones are synthesized by catalytic reactions under refluxing conditions. 4-Hydrazinyl-3-nitrobenzopyran-2-one 4 is synthesized from 4-hydroxybenzopyran-2-one 1 via three steps reaction. By condensation reaction of 4- hydrazinyl-3-nitrobenzopyran-2-one 4 and aromatic aldehydes, corresponding 4-(Nbenzylidene- hydrazino)-3-nitrobenzopyran-2-ones 5(a-c) are obtained. Cyclization reaction of 4-hydroxybenzopyran-2-one 1 with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile, in the presence of SDS, resulted by formation of 2-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-(4H, 5H) pyrano-[3,2-c]-chromen-3-carbonitrile derivatives 6(a-c), whereas by reacting of 4- hydroxybenzopyran-2-one 1 and aromatic aldehydes, in presence of SDS, corresponding 3,3’-(benzylidene)-bis-4-hydroxyibenzopyran-2-ones 7(a-c) are synthesized. The synthesized products are characterized on the basis of spectrometric data. Antimicrobial activity of products 5(a-c), 6(a-c) and 7(a-c) against S. aurous, E. coli and Klebsiella are investigated measuring of inhibition zones around the discs which are marked with their N, N-DMF solutions. Compounds of series 5 and 6 showed considerable antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms, whereas compounds of series 7 showed moderate activity. Impact of the substituents in antimicrobial activity also is investigated. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jcb.v4n2a5

Novel derivatives of benzopyran-2-ones are synthesized by catalytic condensation reaction. 4-(3-Hydroxy-2pyridinylamino)3-nitro-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one 4a, 4-(4-methyl-3-nitro-2-pyridinylamino)-3-nitro-2H-[1]benzopyran-2-one, 4b and 4-(pyrimidinylamono)-3-nitro-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-ones 4(c, d) are synthesized by condensation of 4-Chlor-3-nitro-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one 2 and corresponding heteroarylamines 3(a-d ) under reflux reaction conditions. Alkali hydrolysis of 4(a-d ) afforded the 2-hydroxy-ω -nitroacetophenone 5. Structural characterization of the synthesized products is done on the basis of spectrometric data. Antibacterial activity of the compounds 4(a-d) against S. aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella was examined by measuring the inhibition zones around the disks marked with the corresponding product solutions in N,N-DMF concentration 2 mg/mL , 4 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL. Compounds 4a and 4c have shown significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, compounds 4b and 4d exhibited significant activity against E. coli whereas compound 4d was more active against Klebsiella.

Prishtevka River is left flow of Sitnica River basin. It is located between 21° 03' and 21° 19' longitude and 42° 44' and 42 ° 36' of latitude. It is situated in the northeast and southwest of Prishtina city. Its area is of 97. 3 km 2 , catchment area on the left side is 62.1 km 2 , while the area to the right side is 35. 20 km 2 and asymmetry coefficient of 0.27. Height average across the catchment of Prishtevka river is 756 m. Prishtevka River Basin in the upper part is characterized by hilly mountain terrain, while the side stretched towards the city of Prishtina to the estuary of Sitnica river is characterized by fieald terrain. 1.5% of the catchment area is situated at an altitude above 1000 m, 33.9% from 1000 m to 800 m, 20.1% from 800 m to 700 m, 25.2% from 700 m to 600 m, and 19, 2% at an altitude below 600 m [1]. Prishtevka River forms a partly deep ravine in the upper flow. The middle part of the Prishtavka River (down Makovc settlement) to Emshir is covered (into a concrete canal). The lower part of the river from Emshiri to its discharge into the Sitnica River delineates the field area. In this part, the river bed has a slight expansion and mild drop downward (approximately 1%). Part of the area from Fushë Kosova up on Prishtina city is not covered by plants. While the part obove Pristina city starting from Makovc and Zllatar village, its basin is covered with vegetation. The climate is continental, annual rainfall average range from 550 mm (the field part) to over 750 mm (the mountain part), the annual temperature average ranges from -1.1°C (January) to 23 °C (August) [2]. Prishtevka River water is facing relatively high contamination by wastewater discharged without prior treatment. Water in the river upstream is mainly good quality, while the pollution in its middle and lower flow sometimes exceeds the permitted requirements. Keywords—Eutrophication, catchment, river, variation, pollution, parameter etc.

The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of bacterial content (CFU) and somatic cell count (SCC) in milk quality in sheep (Ovis aries) farms according to the existing standards for fresh milk quality in Kosovo. A total of 2256 milk test day records from 379 Bardhoka (BAR), Sharri sheep (SHA), Kosovo sheep (KOS) and Balusha (BAL) ewes in eight herds across the country were collected and analyzed through a period April-October 2010. The general linear model and Duncan's test were used to analyze the effect of different variables on presence of CFU and SCC in fresh milk. The effect of all variables was considered as a fixed. The overall results show that farm (P 0422), respectively, had a significant effect on presence of SCC. For CFU farm (P 0422) and breed (P 1211.17 to 6425.76 CFU/mL and 846.07 to 2043.15 SCC/mL milk, respectively. Although the rate of fresh milk contamination with SCC tends to be relatively low compare with CFU, by all means both variables should not be underestimated bearing in mind that a high rate of them on fresh milk are negatively correlated with farmer's profit, consumer food safety and overall animal health.

The basic goal of this research was to determine the impact of the presence of bacterial (CFU) and somatic cells count content (SCC) in quality of fresh milk in some small cattle farms in Kosovo. The survey was based on existing standards for milk quality in Kosovo placed under administrative guidance MA-no. 20/2006. The study was based on fresh milk analysis of 150 farms performed during the period September-December 2012, which was obtained in 9 different localities (collection points) of the Kosovo. Our study reveals that CFU and SCC in fresh milk were significantly affected by a number of factors, as: sampling period (repetition), locality, breed, and time of sampling (evening or/and morning). According to the results for CFU and SCC, there were big differences between the farms (milk collection points) included in the study (P < 0.0403) and (P < 0.0293). The results show that small size breed like Busha and its crosses tend to be less exposed to SCC/mL in milk (72.840) and (293.592), compared to Black Holstein (613.462), Simmental (521.519) and Brown Swiss (418.44). Milk produced in evening tended to be of better quality (259.854 CFU/mL) compared to the one from morning milking (576.689 CFU/mL). Fresh milk quality analyzed in the third repetition was better for about 33.3% compared with the repletion first. For CFU and SCC, the analyses show that about 74.7% and 64.7% of milk produced belongs to extra quality, while lower quality of milk of category three is 12.0% and 23.3%, respectively. Considering that about 85% of milk produced in Kosovo comes from small-scale dairy farms, the current study sets out that small-scale milk production system cannot be neglected by interest parties in dairy sector and needs permanent following up and improvement.

During summer season 2009, we had done the bacteriological investigation in waters of artificial lake "Livoqi" nearby Gjilani city, in Kosovo, through VITEK system. Investigation is done in three localities: first location (at the beginning of lake), second (middle of lake) and third location (near the wall traverse).The results obtained verify pollution of waters with bacteria. The lake section examined during these investigation, demonstrate the lake water belongs to the 3 rd class of quality.

2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-ones, which are known as coumarin derivatives, are a large group of heterocycles with oxygen as heteroatom. They are widely spread in nature. A number of coumarin derivatives are used as anticoagulants, coronary-dilatory, and in some cases, additional analgesic, sedative, antidepressant, etc. Coumarin and their derivatives have also various biological activities. Most of them have demonstrated antibacterial properties also, bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. In this paper is shown the synthesis of some new derivatives of coumarin (benzopyran-2-one), and it has been proved their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 4-anilino-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (3a), 4-o-toluidino-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (3b) and 4-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (3c) are synthesised by condensation of 4-hydroxy-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (1) and corresponding aromatic amines (2a, 2b and 2c), under reflux reaction conditions. The structures of products were determined from their IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR spectra and elemental analysis. This study provides the first evidence that compounds 3a, 3b and 3c obviously inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

This work reports the syntheses of some new 2H-chromen-2-one derivatives and their antibacterial activity. 4-(Naphthalen-1-ylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-carbaldehyde (a1), N-(3-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-N-naphthalen-1-yl-benzamide (a2). N-(7-butylamino-3-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-N-naphtalen-1-yl-benzamide (a3) have been synthesized and characterized by IR spectra, H-1 NMR spectra and elemental analyses. The purified synthesized compound a3 at concentrations. 2, 3 and 5 mg/mL was subjected to test the antibacterial activity against three bacterial cultures; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colt and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds were compared with antibacterial activity of the standard antibiotics cephalexine and streptomycine. The compound shows different bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity.

Benzopyranones of 4-hydoxy-3-nitro-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (2); 4-chloro-3-nitro-2 H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (3); 4-(2-naphthylamino)-3-nitro-2 H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (4); 4-(4-amino-2,6-dihydroxypirimidine)-3-nitro-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (5); 4-[N-ethylhydrazino]-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (6); 4-butylamino-2H-[1]-benzopyran-2-one (7), have been synthesised and characterised using elemental analysis, IR spectra, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectra. The antibacterial activity of all synthesised compounds and standard drug (streptomycin) has been evaluated against two strains of bacterial culture: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The compounds show bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity.

Some new Pyrimidin‐2‐yl‐benzylidene‐imines are synthesized by catalytic reactions of aromatic aldehydes and corresponding 2‐Aminopyrimidines. Condensation of Benzaldehyde 1a and 2‐Aminopyrimidines 2(a,b) gave pyrimidin‐2‐yl‐benzylidene imines 3(a,b). By condensation of salycilaldehyde 1b and 2‐Aminopyridines 2(a,b), corresponding 2‐[(pyrimidin‐ylimino)‐methyl]‐phenoles 3(c,d) were synthesized. The antibacterial activity of products 3(a–d) were investigated and results were submitted for their activities against Escherichia coli, Clebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus.Compound 3a showed emphatic bactericide activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds were more active against. Light activity against Escherichia coli exhibited compounds 3a and 3c, whereas 3d exhibited the strongest activity against Clebsiella. In general there was a direct positive correlation between increasing concentration of the compound and antibacterial activity