Purpose: Electronic cigarettes are marketed as a tool to give up or reduce cigarette smoking, and their use has risen sharply in recent years. There is concern that use is increasing particularly among adolescents and that they are not being used as a cessation tool but as a novel experience in their own right.Methods: The present research assessed prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of e-cigarette use and standard cigarette use and also explored the extent to which e-cigarettes appear to be used as a cessation tool. This was assessed using a questionnaire administered to 1,486 French adolescents aged 16 years.Results: Prevalence of e-cigarette experimentation was high (54%) and comparable to that for standard cigarettes (55%). Furthermore, 20% of those who had experimented with e-cigarettes had never tried standard cigarettes, and among regular smokers of standard cigarettes, intentions to quit were not associated with e-cigarette usage frequency. Experimentation with both e-cigarettes and standard cigarettes was significantly predicted by higher age, higher socioeconomic status, and parental smoking of standard cigarettes (in particular the father). Being male marginally predicted e-cigarette use, whereas being female significantly predicted standard cigarette use.Conclusions: These findings give cause for concern: e-cigarette usage experimentation is extremely high, and is not associated with attempts to quit smoking standard cigarettes. Rather, it is exposing adolescents to a highly addictive drug (nicotine) and may pave the way for a future cigarette habit. (C) 2016 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.

This study examined the effectiveness of two cancer prevention interventions in improving balanced diet among French children aged 12-14 years. The educational techniques used were taken from the taxonomy of behaviour change techniques (BCTs; Abraham & Michie, 2008). Allocation to intervention group (intervention versus control) was randomised at the school-level, the intervention group received two interventions, each of 1-h duration, containing BCTs including advocated attitude, anticipated success/regret, behaviour modelling and barrier identification. Self-reported diet was assessed pre- and post-interventions. The resulting data were coded by a nutritionist and transformed into a novel measure representing the extent to which the participant achieved a balanced diet. Multilevel modelling indicated that, having taken into account the clustered nature of the data, gender and the differing socio-economic status of the participants, balanced diet decreased over time, b=-1.23, t(1830)=-2.79, p=0.005, but this was qualified by a significant interaction effect with intervention, b=1.42, t(1830)=1.98, p=0.047. Separate models for each intervention group revealed that balanced diet decreased over time in the control group, b=-1.25, t(1195)=-2.47, p=0.014, but did not in the intervention group, b=0.19, t(635)=0.44, p=0.66, suggesting a buffering effect of the interventions on balanced diet over time. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of educational interventions using established behaviour change techniques, to change behaviour.

One thousand two hundred seventy-two French children aged 8–9 years old participated in a study aimed at identifying predictors of healthy eating intention. We used a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Regression analyses were performed to assess the extent to which the extended TPB variables explained intention to eat healthily. The results indicated that attitude, parental norms, friend's norms, knowledge, motivation to conform to friends' and parental norms and perceived behavioral control accounted for 35% of the variance of intention to eat healthily. The most important predictor in this study was perceived as behavioral control.

Où l'oncologue est invité à fouler les plates-bandes de la science et à en extraire une masse de conséquences pratiques et variées, si tant est qu'il soit possible d'extraire une conséquence d'une plate-bande !» d'après Christophe, le savant Cosinus, Paris, Armand Colin édit.1893.

«Vous avez une métastase hépatique... Vous pleurez... Nous allons vous donner un rendez-vous avec le psy» (dialogue entendu dans un grand Comprehensive Cancer Center en 1975).

Purpose: To compare concomitant and sequential adjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimens in node-positive, operable breast cancer patients.Methods and Materials: This was a randomized, French, multicenter, phase III trial enrolling 638 eligible women with prior breast surgery and positive axillary dissection. Patients in Arm A received 500 mg/m(2) 5-fluorouracil, 12 mg/m(2) mitoxantrone, and 500 mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide, with concomitant radiotherapy (50 Gy +/- 10-20-Gy boost). Patients in Arm B received 500 mg/m(2) 5-fluorouracil, 60 mg/m(2) epirubicin, and 500 mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide, with subsequent radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was administered on Day 1 every 21 days for 4 cycles.Results: Median treatment durations were 64 and 126 days (Arms A and B, respectively), with no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival. Five-year locoregional relapse-free survival favored patients with conservative surgery (two thirds of the population), with less local and/or regional recurrence in Arm A than in Arm B (3% vs. 9%; p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis in this subgroup showed a 2.8-fold increased risk of locoregional recurrence with sequential chemoradiotherapy, independent of other prognostic factors (p = 0.027). Febrile neutropenia and Grade 3-4 leukopenia were significantly more frequent in Arm A. Subclinical left ventricular ejection fraction events at 1 year were more frequent with concomitant radiotherapy (p = 0.02).Conclusions: Concomitant radiotherapy with adjuvant fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, and cyclophosphamide has significantly better locoregional control in node-positive breast cancer after conservative surgery and 50% shorter treatment, albeit with slightly more acute toxicity. With mitoxantrone no longer available for adjuvant breast cancer treatment, alternative concomitant chemoradiotherapy studies are needed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc.

BACKGROUNDWe compared the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic response and outcome in operable invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe extracted from our database all patients with pure invasive lobular (n=118, 14%) or pure invasive ductal carcinomas (n=742, 86%). Their treatment included neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adapted surgery, radiotherapy and adjuvant hormonal treatment.RESULTSCompared with IDC, ILC presented with larger tumors (T3: 38.1% versus 21.4%, P=0.0007), more N0 nodes status (55.9% versus 43.3%, P=0.01), less inflammatory tumors (5.9% versus 11.8%, P=0.01), more hormone receptor positivity (65.5% versus 38.8%), lower histological grade (P<0.0001). Final surgery was a mastectomy in 70% of patients with ILC (34% were reoperated after initial partial mastectomy) and in 52% of IDC after 8% of reoperation (P=0.006). A pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 1% of ILC and 9% of IDC (P=0.002). The outcome at 60 months was significantly better for ILC, but histologic type was not an independent factor for survival in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSILC appeared less responsive to chemotherapy but presented a better outcome than IDC. While new information on biological features of ILC is needed, we consider that neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive ILC may be a more adapted approach than neoadjuvant chemotherapy.