Background Bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is widely distributed worldwide. The disease causes serious economic losses to animal husbandry every year. Finding targeted antiviral drugs proves to be an effective strategy. Purpose This study was based on network pharmacology and in vitro studies to analyze the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of BVD-MD. Methods The intersection targets between TCM and the disease were identified. Network topology analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPIs) networks were performed. Intersection targets were analyzed for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to reveal the degree of binding of core components to key target genes. Characterization of the anti-Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) effect of TCM by cytotoxicity and in vitro studies. Results The results revealed the selection of five key Chinese medicines, along with 206 targets associated with BVD-MD. The toll-like receptor, PI3K-AKT, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were closely related to the five TCMs. AKT1, EGFR, HSP90AA1, and MAPK1 had good binding with quercetin, the core component of Chinese medicine. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that quercetin exhibited complex stability with AKT1. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of quercetin on BVDV is mainly in the initial phase. Quercetin inhibited the expression of AKT1. Conclusion The mechanism of BVDV inhibition by the core Chinese medicines is closely related to MAPK1, AKT1, TNF, and HSP90AA1, with the reduction of AKT1 ultimately affecting viral expression.

OBJECTIVES:The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on renal injury caused by acute stress in rats and explore the protective pathways of DEX on rat kidneys in terms of oxidative stress. METHODS:An acute restraint stress model was utilized, where rats were restrained for 3 hours after a 15-minute swim. Biochemical tests and histopathological sections were conducted to evaluate renal function, along with the measurement of oxidative stress and related pathway proteins. KEY FINDINGS:The open-field experiments validated the successful establishment of the acute stress model. Acute stress-induced renal injury led to increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) protein expression and decreased expression levels of nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Following DEX treatment, there was a significant reduction in renal NOX4 expression. The DEX-treated group exhibited normalized renal biochemical results and less damage observed in pathological sections compared to the acute stress group. CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggest that DEX treatment during acute stress can impact the NOX4/Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway and inhibit oxidative stress, thereby preventing acute stress-induced kidney injury. Additionally, DEX shows promise for clinical applications in stress syndromes.

为了提高复方中草药的提取率和利用率,增强药效和降低成本,考察不同益生菌发酵复方中草药对芦丁含量的影响,本试验利用干酪乳杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌不同组合对复方中草药进行发酵,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定中草药发酵后芦丁的含量.结果显示,复方中草药经益生菌发酵后芦丁含量均有所提高,其中A组(解淀粉芽孢杆菌)芦丁含量均值为(1.33±0.05)mg/g,B组(解淀粉芽孢杆菌∶干酪乳酸菌=4∶1,V∶V)芦丁含量均值为(1.57±0.09)mg/g,C组(解淀粉芽孢杆菌∶干酪乳酸菌=1∶1,V∶V)芦丁含量均值为(2.01±0.05)mg/g,D组(解淀粉芽孢杆菌∶干酪乳酸菌=1∶4,V∶V)芦丁含量均值为(2.85±0.06)mg/g,而E组(对照组)芦丁含量均值为(1.24±0.07)mg/g.结果表明,复方中草药经益生菌发酵后能够提高芦丁含量,且使用解淀粉芽孢杆菌和干酪乳酸菌组成1∶4体积比混合发酵复方中草药时,芦丁含量最高.

为了探究快速便捷的奶牛隐性乳房炎诊断方法,本研究采用检测乳汁pH的变化、指示剂变色点及变色范围的方法,对隐性乳房炎的复合试剂的制法与诊断标准及快速诊断方法进行了研究.结果表明,终浓度 0.1％的溴甲酚紫和 0.1％的溴麝香草酚蓝复合试剂可用于诊断隐性乳房炎,其准确性优于溴麝香草酚蓝检测法.说明基于 pH 显色变化的复合指示剂有潜力用于快速诊断奶牛隐性乳房炎.

该文简要介绍牛恶性水肿的病原、流行病学特点、临床症状和剖检病变,重点介绍该病的鉴别诊断、实验室诊断方法与防控措施,以供参考.

为探究超声波辅助提取刺五加多糖最佳工艺及刺五加多糖对育肥猪生产性能的影响,本试验采用Box-Benhnken方法进行响应面分析最佳提取工艺,并研究其对育肥猪末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化性(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-10、核转录因子κB含量的影响.选取体重相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥猪 48 头,随机分 4 组,每组 3 个重复,每个重复 4 头,对照组饲喂育肥猪基础日粮,试验 1 组饲喂基础日粮+刺五加多糖 250 mg/kg,试验 2 组饲喂基础日粮+刺五加多糖 300 mg/kg,饲喂 42 d.结果表明:在料液比 1:30 g/mL、提取时间 51 min和提取温度 55℃时能够显著提高刺五加多糖提取率,达到 8.23%与预测值相差0.08%(P＞0.05);试验 2 组与对照组相比平均日采食量提高 7.05%、末重显著提高 12.54%(P＜0.05),试验 1 组、试验2 组与对照组相比平均日增重提高 16.98%、33.96%(P＜0.05),料重比降低 13.84%、20.22%(P＜0.05);试验 2 组血清GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC的含量与对照组相比均显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著降低 26.24%(P＜0.05);试验 1 组、试验 2 组猪血清免疫指标IgG、IgA、IgM含量与对照组相比显著提高(P＜0.05),IL-1 与NF-κB差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验 2 组血清IL-10 与对照组相比显著提高 34.91%(P＜0.05).研究表明,Box-Behnken优化超声法提取刺五加多糖工艺可靠且稳定,在饲料中添加刺五加多糖能够提高育肥猪生产性能、提高抗氧功能与免疫功能.

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, is the basic substance required to maintain healthy vision and the main physiological functions of cattle. The results from previous studies regarding the effect of vitamin A on intramuscular fat varied. This meta-analysis aimed to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between vitamin A and intramuscular fat content and to provide potential clues for future research and commercial practice. Electronic databases such as MEDLINE and Ovid were systematically searched, and studies investigating the relationship between vitamin A and intramuscular fat content were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) in intramuscular fat percentage and intramuscular fat score, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. The heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. A total of 152 articles were identified through searches of databases. Seven articles were confirmed for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The SMD of IMF percentage derived from the analysis was-0.78 (-2.68, 1.12) (Q = 246.84, p < 0.01). The SMD of the IMF score was 1.25 (-2.75, 5.25) (Q = 87.20, p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis indicates that the addition of vitamin A could decrease intramuscular fat in cattle steers.

比较经过不同酶处理的驴(Equus asinus)血水解液的抗氧化能力,筛选出抗氧化能力最强的水解液.采用单因素试验及响应面法,优化酶解时间、温度、pH值、酶底比条件,经过试验验证实际的抗氧化活性.对优化后得到的水解液进行超滤,并对不同超滤组分的抗氧化活性进行试验.响应面法得出在pH值为7,时间为3.54 h,酶底比为20％,温度55℃的条件下,预计得到的驴血木瓜蛋白酶水解产物DPPH自由基清除率为71.50％,总抗氧化能力为1.53 mmol/g.经过验证得到实际酶解产物DPPH自由基清除率为70.40％±1.33％,总抗氧化能力为(1.51±0.25)mmol/g.将该水解液进行超滤,发现组分3(<3 ku)的抗氧化活性最强,其DPPH自由基清除率为71.26％±5.63％,总抗氧化能力为(1.49±0.36)mmol/g.结果表明,经过木瓜蛋白酶处理的水解液和超滤液具有优良的抗氧化活性,对清除自由基具有优良的效果.

The research on traditional Chinese herb has been passed down in China for 5 000 years,forming a unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese herb,with a solid foundation and a large number of clinical application practices.It not only has the advantages of no residue,no susceptibility to drug resistance,small toxic and side effects,and has both nutritional and medicinal properties,but also has the characteristics of wide range of action,integrity,and multiple effective components.How to extract effective ingredients is one of the issues that the industry is concerned about.In recent years,modern extraction and separation technologies,such as enzymatic extraction,fermentation and degradation of traditional Chinese herb by probiotic enzyme producing bacteria,and other green and environmentally friendly extraction processes have provided a new way to extract and isolate effective ingredients.For thousands of years,traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have played an important role in ensuring the development of animal husbandry in China,and have been used until now.Especially after the introduction of the national feed end antibiotic prohibition policy,the application prospect of traditional Chinese herb in veterinary clinical practice has become even broader.Biochemical decoction has the effects of promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis,warming meridians and relieving pain.The author reviewed a large number of documents and classics to elaborate the prescription medicinal materials of biochemical decoction,providing ideas for the improvement and development of traditional classic prescriptions of biochemical decoction.

巴氏杆菌常寄生于禽类和哺乳动物体内,是一种条件性致病菌,当动物机体免疫力下降或外界环境骤变时,可引发急、慢性病症或流行性传染病[1].家兔对多杀性巴氏杆菌易感,常常引起大批兔发病和死亡,本菌对2～6月龄仔兔危害最大.人巴氏杆菌病较罕见,可引起局部的化脓性炎症或呼吸道感染,一般不发生败血症.

为了了解黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区致仔猪腹泻产肠毒素大肠杆菌携带的毒力基因及耐药基因情况,试验对采集的156份样本(腹泻病死仔猪器官样本123份,粪便样本33份)进行大肠杆菌的分离纯化及分子生物学鉴定,并对分离的大肠杆菌菌株进行小鼠致病性试验、毒力基因检测、药敏试验及耐药基因检测.结果表明:分离鉴定到148株大肠杆菌,其中112株具有致病性,致病性大肠杆菌中有87株携带产肠毒素大肠杆菌毒力基因,其中携带LT、K88、987P毒力基因的大肠杆菌检出率较高,分别为31.03％、28.74％、20.69％.87株产肠毒素大肠杆菌中链霉素、阿米卡星和头孢唑啉的耐药菌株较多,分别为56,53,52株.共检出56株产肠毒素大肠杆菌携带耐药基因,其中携带TEM耐药基因的菌株总检出率最高,达到48.21％;其次是CTX-M基因,总检出率为28.57％;再次是qnr基因,总检出率为25.00％.说明齐齐哈尔地区仔猪腹泻产肠毒素大肠杆菌主要携带LT、K88、987P毒力基因和TEM、CTX-M、qnr耐药基因.

为建立同时检测鸽圆环病毒(PiCV)和鸽疱疹病毒(PiHV)的双重PCR,试验参照GenBank中两种病毒的基因序列设计2对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了同时检测2种病毒的双重PCR技术.结果显示:该PCR可同时扩增出269bp(PiCV)和505bp(PiHV)目的条带,对鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒、鸽痘病毒和禽腺病毒检测结果为阴性;对PiCV和PiHV的最低检出量分别为1.45×104 copies/μL和1.45×103 copies/μL,敏感性较高;利用该方法对黑龙江省部分鸽场88份疑似样品检测显示,PiCV和PiHV感染的比例分别81.8％和36.4％,双重PCR与单一PCR的符合率为100％.结果表明:建立的方法使用便捷,对于PiHV和PiCV的临床快速检测与流行病学调查具有重要的应用价值.

近年来,在高额奖金刺激下赛鸽运动发展迅猛,而且鸽肉营养丰富,人们对商品肉鸽的需求量也在逐年增加,双重利好因素使得养鸽产业得到快速发展.鸽I型疱疹病毒病是由I型疱疹病毒引起的鸽的一种以急性经过和极高死亡率为特征的传染病,呈世界性分布 [1].自1967年以来,有许多国家已从患病鸽中分离到鸽I型疱疹病毒.

生物活性肽是具有多种生物活性的肽类化合物.在众多动物源生物活性肽中,驴源生物活性肽应用广泛,驴血、驴乳及驴骨源生物活性肽发挥着多种对机体有益的作用,包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗疲劳及降血压等.驴源生物活性肽常用制备方法包括酶解、发酵、膜分离、凝胶色谱及反相液相色谱等技术.笔者总结了驴源生物活性肽的分类、制备方法及应用,旨在为驴源生物活性肽的进一步开发利用提供理论基础.

信鸽竞赛是我国的传统体育赛事,有着良好的群众基础.据中国信鸽协会统计,2015年我国信鸽爱好者超过150万人,每年新增幼鸽2000万羽左右,各类比赛机构近6000家 [1].在养鸽的爱好者中广泛流传的谚语:"早晨看粪便,晚上数一遍",说的就是通过粪便,第一时间掌握鸽群的健康状况.鸽子粪便是鸽子消化系统的最终产物,看鸽子粪便变化是诊断疾病的方法之一.为了广大赛鸽爱好者及时掌握赛鸽粪便的相关情况,本文根据赛鸽粪便的颜色、形状、异味进行归类,利于赛鸽疾病的判断和区别,有益于养殖者尽早采取对症治疗措施,防治信鸽疾病的蔓延和扩散,以免造成更大的危害和经济损失.

英语学习讲究"四到",分别为眼到、手到、口到、心到.读写结合的学习习惯能够帮助学生更好地达到"四到"的要求,这对学生英语成绩的提升有很大的作用.合适情景的创设需要着眼于发展的观念,提出具体的教学任务,然后从中优选出教学方案,结合班级的特征、教学任务以及教师个人的教学素质来选择适宜的情景创设途径.学生只有广泛接触各种好的阅读素材和资源,拓宽自身的认知范畴和知识积累,这样学生的整体语言能力才会有更大的进步.

现代化条件下,伴随羊养殖规模的日益拓展,为养殖户带来较高经济效益的基础上,还出现了很多疾病,其中羊痘就属于其中较为常见的急性传染病,以皮肤、黏膜及内脏形成痘疹为特征,羔羊染病之后具有很高的发病率、死亡率.该病经由病羊含有羊痘病毒的皮屑随风和灰尘进入易感羊呼吸道而感染,还可通过损伤的皮肤造成感染.

育肥驴养殖过程中的疾病问题一直是制约肉驴产业发展的重要因素,尤其是内科疾病和寄生虫病更是影响巨大.为更好的解决上述问题,笔者对发病率较高、影响较大的育肥驴内科病和寄生虫病进行梳理,并结合多年来的临床治疗经验总结了以下防控措施,经过推广应用证明了具有较高的应用价值.

目的:观察手术治疗高龄食管癌及食管胃交界癌预后效果.方法:选取高龄食管癌及食管胃交界癌的患者72例,随机分为标准后外侧切口根治性切除术治疗的对照组(36例)与前外侧直线小切口开胸手术微创治疗的观察组(36例),观察患者手术相关情况及并发症发生率.结果:与对照组相比,观察组手术时间短,切口小,出血量少,住院时间短,并发症发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:给予高龄食管癌及食管胃交界癌患者前外侧直线小切口开胸手术微创治疗,能减少患者手术时间及出血量,对患者创伤小,有利于术后恢复,降低并发症发生率,尽快出院,效果较好,值得借鉴.

为了提高毛驴育肥期的增重效果,提高育肥阶段的经济效益,笔者对多种形式的育肥驴饲养场进行走访,总结其饲养过程中所出现的各类问题及影响育肥效果的影响因素,分析其产生原因,制定高效合理的解决方案并应用于实际生产,使其育肥效果有了明显的提升.