Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is an economically important species with a unique ovoviviparous reproductive mode, in which reproduction is limited by incomplete fertilization. In order to understand the mechanism of spermatogenesis of black rockfish, a cell line derived from the testis, named SSTC, was successfully established and cultured in L-15 medium at 25 °C, and it was passaged to the 50th generation. The SSTC exhibited fibroblast-like and epithelial-like morphology during in vitro culture, and 62

Enteritis posed a significant health challenge to golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) populations. In this research, a comprehensive multi-omics strategy was implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of enteritis by comparing both healthy and affected golden pompano. Histologically, enteritis was characterized by villi adhesion and increased clustering after inflammation. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the abundance of specific bacterial strains, including Photobacterium and Salinivibrio, in diseased fish compared to the healthy group. Metabolomic analysis identified 5479 altered metabolites, with significant impacts on terpenoid and polyketide metabolism, as well as lipid metabolism (P<0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of several compounds such as calcitetrol, vitamin D2, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid were significantly reduced in the intestines of diseased fish post-enteritis (P<0.05), with the detection of harmful substances such as Efonidipine. In transcriptomic profiling, enteritis induced 68 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes, predominantly affecting steroid hormone receptor activity (P<0.05). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted upregulation of SQLE and CYP51 in steroidogenesis, while the HSV-1 associated MHC1 gene exhibited significant downregulation. Integration of multi-omics results suggested a potential pathogenic mechanism: enteritis may have resulted from concurrent infection of harmful bacteria, specifically Photobacterium and Salinivibrio, along with HSV-1. Efonidipine production within the intestinal tract may have blocked certain calcium ion channels, leading to downregulation of MHC1 gene expression and reduced extracellular immune recognition. Upregulation of SQLE and CYP51 genes stimulated steroid hormone synthesis within cells, which, upon binding to G protein-coupled receptors, influenced calcium ion transport, inhibited immune activation reactions, and further reduced intracellular synthesis of anti-inflammatory substances like arachidonic acid. Ultimately, this cascade led to inflammation progression, weakened intestinal peristalsis, and villi adhesion. This study utilized multi-level omics detection to investigate the pathological symptoms of enteritis and proposed a plausible pathogenic mechanism, providing innovative insights into enteritis verification and treatment in offshore cage culture of golden pompano.

为探明华南沿海长鳍篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)不同地理群体遗传多样性与遗传分化状况,采用线粒体控制区(D-loop)基因序列分析华南沿海厦门(XM)、汕尾(SW)、阳江(YJ)、海口(HK)、三亚(SY)、北海(BH)、钦州(QZ)、防城港(FC)以及越南清化(TH)9个地理位置长鳍篮子鱼群体的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构.结果显示,长鳍篮子鱼群体DNA D-loop序列共计484条,序列长度约828 bp,包含57个变异位点,92个单倍型;所有群体总的单倍型多样性指数(Hd)为0.80798,核苷酸多样性指数(π)为0.00405;群体内遗传距离为0.00386～0.00532,群体间遗传距离为0.00383～0.00482,群体间分化指数为-0.01935～0.00759,各种分组的AMOVA分析均显示遗传变异全部来自群体内;Fu's Fs检验值为显著负值(-25.53678,P<0.01),核苷酸错配分布图呈单峰,吻合度检验数值较小且不显著,提示长鳍篮子鱼可能经历过种群扩张事件,推测扩张时间距今1.18万～4.74万年.研究表明,南海北部沿岸及东海南部9个长鳍篮子鱼地理群体间不存在显著的地理结构和谱系结构,可划归一个管理单元进行种质资源保护.

It is difficult to distinguish the sexes of Trachinotus ovatus based on appearance, and little data about sex-determining genes are available for this species. Here, we generated 200 F2 individuals using the parents R404 and R403. DNA samples were collected from 50 individuals of each sex and aggregated into sex-specific DNA pools. Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing was integrated with bulked segregant analysis to detect candidate sex-associated genes. Approximately 3,153,153 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 135,363 high-quality insertion-deletion (Indel) markers were generated. Six candidate regions within chromosome 14, encompassing 132 candidate genes, were identified as closely related to sex. Based on annotations, six genes (EVM0019817, EVM0004192, EVM0001445, EVM0005260, EVM0014734, and EVM0009626) were predicted to be closely associated with sex. These results present an efficient genetic mapping approach that lays a foundation for molecular sex discrimination in T. ovatus.

[目的]鉴定筛选出与卵形鲳鲹卵巢发育相关的候选基因及信号通路,为揭示其卵巢性成熟过程的分子机制打下基础.[方法]挑选卵巢发育处于?期和Ш期的雌性卵形鲳鲹,分别构建卵形鲳鲹卵巢?期和Ш期的cDNA文库,采用Illumina HiSeqTM 2500进行转录组测序,经过滤、质量控制及拼接组装后获得的Unigenes在七大数据库(Nr、Nt、Pfam、KOG/COG、Swiss-Prot、KEGG和GO)中进行比对;通过FPKM及DEGseq筛选出差异表达基因,以GOseq和KOBAS对差异表达基因分别进行功能注释及信号通路富集分析,并采用MISA和GATK3进行SSR鉴定及SNP分析.[结果]卵形鲳鲹卵巢组织转录组测序获得的325156432条Raw reads,经过滤筛选得到317206752条Clean reads,拼接组装后得到59554条Unigenes;69.65％的Unigenes在Nr、Nt、Pfam、KOG/COG、Swiss-Prot、KEGG和GO等七大数据库中注释成功,其中有24599条Unigenes被注释到GO数据库,15997条Unigenes被注释到KEGG数据库.在卵形鲳鲹卵巢组织的2个发育时期共鉴定获得56115个基因,经差异表达分析后获得17737个差异基因,其中8169个基因在卵巢Ш期上调表达、9568个基因在卵巢Ш期下调表达.GO功能注释分析发现,卵形鲳鲹卵巢差异表达基因主要注释在细胞过程、氮化合物代谢过程、初级代谢过程、核、核部分、离子结合及水解酶活性等条目上;而KEGG信号通路富集分析结果显示,17737个差异表达基因显著富集在318条代谢途径上,其中前20条KEGG信号通路包括2-氧代羧酸代谢、PI3K-Akt信号通路、甲状腺激素信号通路、磷脂酶D信号通路、FcεRI信号通路和细胞周期等.卵形鲳鲹卵巢转录组(59554条Unigenes)中共存在30133个SSRs和82490个SNPs.[结论]GnRHR、FSHR、FSHβ、CYP11A、SIRT3和PEG3等差异表达基因及PI3K-Akt信号通路和VEGF信号通路等与卵形鲳鲹卵巢的发育密切相关,共同调节卵巢的发育与成熟,在卵巢性成熟过程中发挥重要作用.

The yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus Houttuyn 1782, is a commercially and ecologically important species and a good model for studies of sexual differentiation. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of A. latus has been determined, which is 16,635 base pairs (54.3% A + T content) in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and a 948 bp D-loop region. The phylogenetic analyses showed that A. latus has a close relationship with Acanthopagrus schlegelii Bleeker 1854.

为探明分布于我国华南沿海的黄鳍棘鲷群体的遗传多样性与遗传分化状况,实验采用线粒体控制区(D-loop)基因序列分析华南沿海的厦门、汕尾、阳江、海口、三亚、北海、钦州和防城港8个地理位置的黄鳍棘鲷群体的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构.结果 显示,黄鳍棘鲷8个群体320条D-loop序列全长为947～958bp.共检测到29个插入或缺失位点和210个变异位点,其中简约信息位点142个,单一变异位点68个;总体的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性(Hd)、平均核苷酸差异和核苷酸多样性(π)分别为210、268、0.998 43、14.790 65和0.015 70.聚类分析结果显示,8个群体被聚类为以琼州海峡分隔的东和西两个组群;8个群体间的遗传分化系数(FST)为-0.012 68～0.466 74,基因流(Nm)为0.571 26～∞.方差分析显示组群间、组群内群体间和群体内个体间的核苷酸遗传变异分别为33.42％、0.32％和66.26％.中性检验显示Tajima's D为-1.694 77,Fu's Fs为-23.683 39,表明华南沿海黄鳍棘鲷经历了种群扩张事件.研究表明,中国华南沿海黄鳍棘鲷群体遗传多样性比较丰富,根据研究结果可以以琼州海峡为分界分为东组群和西组群2个管理单位进行种质保护.

The genetic diversity of 289 spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) from seven populations along the northern coast of the South China Sea was studied by analyzing the full-length sequences of the mitochondrial control region (D-LOOP). The S. argus D-LOOP sequence was 1,004-1,010 bp long and contained 156 variant sites. The seven studied S. argus populations had a high degree of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity [Hd] = 0.99135; nucleotide diversity (pi) = 0.01313). There was no obvious genetic differentiation among the seven geographical populations and gene exchange was frequent (Fst = -0.01867-0.01117, p > .05). Four distinct mitochondrial lineages were identified in the phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network. The between-lineage Fst was 0.71690-0.84940 (p < .001), but these lineages showed no obvious phylogeographic pattern. Based on D-LOOP mutation rates, we estimated that the four lineages diverged approximately 513,800-93,600 years ago, during the Eocene ice age, at which time falling sea levels may have led to population segregation. We estimated that S. argus population expansion occurred approximately 2.29-0.68 million years ago, during the late Pleistocene. During this period, sea levels rose again, allowing previously separated lineages to come into sympatry, which eventually gave rise to a highly genetically diverse population without pyhlogeographic structure. Here, we characterized the genetic structure and differentiation of seven S. argus populations from the northern coast of the South China Sea. Our results suggested that the seven S. argus populations from the northern coast of the South China Sea have a relatively low level of genetic variation and can be considered a single unit for the purposes of fishery development, utilization, and management.

The spotted scat (Scatophagus argus, Linnaeus, 1766) is a subtropical fish that is widely distributed in the coastal waters of Indo-Pacific. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of S. argus. The mitogenome is 16,783 base pairs (56.0% A + T content) in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a 1007 bp D-loop region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the relationship between S. argus and Selenotoca multifasciata was close.

利用地膜塘进行卵形鲳鲹大规格鱼苗培育的试验,从育苗环境与设备、鱼苗放养、饲料投喂、日常管理、病害防治及育苗关键点等几方面进行了详细分析,放养平均体重1.2g,平均体长2.5cm的鱼苗,经过45d左右的精心培育,大规格鱼苗可以达到平均体长9.8cm,平均体重24.6g.

2019年9月12日,广西北海市铁山港出现深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹大量发病,经检查,是小瓜虫暴发.海水小瓜虫学名刺激隐核虫,在海水鱼养殖生产中,每年均有养殖鱼类感染,给渔业生产带来重大损失.经过了多种治疗手段的尝试,目前没有特别有效的治疗手段.一般在连续低气压、海水溶氧不足、水体有机质含量上升的环境条件下鱼体更容易感染小瓜虫病.小瓜虫一般附着在养殖鱼体的鳃(图1)和皮肤上,大量增值后会形成小白点(俗称“白点虫病”),导致摄食量减少甚至不摄食、鱼鳃和皮肤黏液增多、形体消瘦等症状,体色呈现应激色(灰黑色).小瓜虫会给鱼体造成创伤,从而引起烂身、出血、细菌感染等并发症,导致死亡率居高不下.

为探究渔用麻醉剂丁香酚（eugenol）在活体鱼长途运输过程中的合理使用浓度,本研究以初始平均体重（3.38±0.36）g的卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus ovatus）为研究对象,测定不同质量浓度（0、5、7和9 mg/L）丁香酚对鱼苗运输水质、成活率和生理生化指标的影响。结果显示:1)经过8 h运输后,与对照组相比,实验组水体pH值均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,实验组水体中NH + 4 -N和NO - 2 -N含量显著升高（P＜0.05）。各实验组水体中NH + 4 -N含量随着丁香酚质量浓度的升高逐渐上升,均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,而各组间pH和NO - 2 -N含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）。2)9 mg/L实验组的鱼苗成活率为80.00%,其他各组为100.00%;养殖3 d后,各实验组鱼苗存活率均为100.00%。3)除5 mg/L实验组外,其他各组鱼苗血清的肌酐（CREA）含量均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且肌酐含量随丁香酚浓度升高而增加。实验组鱼苗血清的皮质醇（COR）含量先升后降,均高于对照组。血清葡萄糖（GLUC）含量则先降后升,并均低于对照组。鱼苗血清的谷丙转氨酶（GPT）和谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性均呈先降后升的趋势。实验组鱼苗血清的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。除9 mg/L实验组鱼苗血清的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）外,其他各组与对照组的差异不显著（P＞0.05）。鱼苗血清的过氧化物酶（POD）活性随着丁香酚浓度增加而升高。综上,丁香酚对卵形鲳鲹鱼苗的运输水质、成活率和生理生化指标均有影响。丁香酚适宜作为运输卵形鲳鲹鱼苗的麻醉剂,在塑料袋密闭降温充氧8 h运输卵形鲳鲹鱼苗（运输密度为15 kg/m~3）的条件下,建议丁香酚的浓度不宜超过7 mg/L。[中国渔业质量与标准,2019,9（6）:39-47]

以人工养殖的多鳞鱚作为亲鱼进行鱼苗人工繁殖,从培育池的选择,鱼苗孵化、饵料投喂以及日常管理等几个方面对多鳞鱚鱼苗培育的注意事项进行了详细分析.

本实验采用油脂、裂壶藻粉、小球藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫进行营养强化,强化20 h后,轮虫的密度小球藻强化组效果最好,强化初始密度均为300 Ind/mL,小球藻、裂壶藻粉、油脂强化组的轮虫密度分别为701 Ind/mL、596 Ind/mL、500 Ind/mL;轮虫的怀卵率亦是小球藻强化组效果最好,小球藻、裂壶藻粉、油脂各强化组的轮虫怀卵率分别为65.5%、43.6%、30.1%.三种不同的强化剂对轮虫强化后,测量其脂肪酸的组成,结果表明,油脂强化组轮虫体内的EPA、DHA及其所占脂肪酸比重都较高,小球藻次之,裂壶藻粉最差.

Morphological and histological studies are important for exploring and understanding the ingestion,diges-tion and absorption mechanisms of animals.The way that Chinese scientists segment the digestive tract of horseshoe crabs differs from the segmentation developed by scientists outside of China.In this study,the morphological and histological characteristics of the digestive tracts of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus tridentatus from the northern gulf of Guangxi Province were investigated using anatomical methods,paraffin tissue sections and optical microscopy.The differences in the digestive tract structure of C.rotundicauda and T.tridentatus were determined and the segmentation of the digestive tract of the two species was completed based on our results and previous re-search by other scientists.The study extends research in developmental biology and provides information for breed-ing healthy horseshoe crabs.Ten and fourteen-year old C.rotundicauda (carapace width 46.78-52.42 mm)and T.tridentatus (carapace width 46.09-55.44 mm)were collected from the sea near Guangxi Hepu town,with five individuals in each of the four groups.The digestive tracts removed and weighed and morphological parameters were measured,including lengths of the entire digestive tract,stomodaeum,esophagus,proventriculus,pylorus,midgut and hepatopancreatica,width of the anus and distance from hepatopancreatica to pylorus.The morphological and histological characteristics of the digestive tracts of C.rotundicauda and T.tridentatus were similar.The digestive tract can be divided into foregut (cavum buccale,esophagus,proventriculus,and pylorus),midgut and hindgut (rectum and anus).The foregut,midgut and hindgut are composed of chitin layers,mucosa,submucosa,muscu-lar layer and adventitia,but the midgut does not contain chitin.The total and midgut lengths of the digestive tract were significantly different between the two species,but no significant differences were found in the lengths of other parts of the digestive tract.There were significant differences in all parameters measured between the two age groups of the same species.These results indicate that the morphological and histological structures of the digestive tract are adapted to omnivorous feeding.

An experiment was conducted to analyze thei-type lysozyme cDNA cloned from oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and study the effect of temperature on the gene expression in an indoor, controlled constant-temperature environment.The cDNA was 634 bp with a 420-bp open reading frame, encoding 139 amino acids.A new conserved amino acid sequence, HNGGPRGC, was found in the protein sequence of the i-type lysozyme from C. hongkongensis.Real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) was used to assess the expression of the i-type lysozyme gene in the digestive gland, smooth muscle, gills, mantle and labial palps of C. hongkongensis.The expression was the highest in the digestive gland and the lowest in the muscle.A thermal stress experiment was performed to study the effect of temperature on the expression of the i-type lysozyme gene.The expression was stable when water temperature ranged from 20 0 C to 25 0 C. The level of expression tended to decrease at 6 0 C or 13 0 C. A conclusion was drawed that the variations in temperature affect i-type lysozyme gene and immune function of C. hongkongensis.

通过克隆凡纳滨对虾钙蛋白酶B(Calpains,Calp-B)、钙蛋白酶D(Calpains,Calp-D)、钙蛋白酶M(Calpains,Calp-M)基因序列,并对其进行生物性息学预测和分析.根据同源比对设计引物,以凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织的cDNA为模板PCR扩增目的基因,克隆测序和拼接.结果:首次获得凡纳滨对虾的Calp-M和Calp-D基因序列,Calp-M、Calp-B和Calp-D3个基因的部分cDNA序列长度分别为597、1739、623 bp,分别含有507、924、232 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码169、307和77个氨基酸的蛋白前体,分子量为19.350、35.732、9.082 KDa,等电点分别为4.656、6.502、5.522.成功克隆了凡纳滨对虾Calp-M、Calp-B和Calp-D3个基因的部分序列并对其进行了部分生物信患学预测分析,为该基因家族功能的研究提供一定的研究基础.

实验研究了岩虫亲体培育、产卵、幼体培育和稚蚕培育的关键技术.

卵形鲳鲹雌雄鱼不具备性别特异的外形特征,发展一种可以简便鉴定卵形鲳鲹性别的技术是产业发展的迫切需要.通过一龄商品规格鱼性腺解剖学观察,发现商品规格鱼性腺已出现形态学上的明显差异,根据其形态学差异,建立了一种卵形鲳鲹早期的性别判定方法.进一步对性腺切片进行HE染色观察,发现上述形态学判定方法判断性别准确率达100％.形态学判定为雌鱼的性腺为典型的卵巢组织结构,有大量卵母细胞分布,而形态学判定为雄鱼的性腺观察到精小囊和精小叶等精巢典型结构.研究建立并验证的基于性腺解剖形态的卵形鲳碜早期性别判定简易方法,可为下一步卵形鲳鲹性别决定机制研究和基于分子标记的早期性别鉴定方法建立提供参考材料.

Traditional broodstock diets , being susceptible to virus attacks or carrying the virus to parent shrimps , bring a huge bio-security risk to shrimp breeding .This study was carried out to determine the feasibility of Limnod-rilus hoffmeisteri as a replacement of traditional bait to accelerate the maturity of parent shrimps of Litopenaeus van-namei, which was verified by the dynamics of vitellogenin gene expression in hepatopancreas and ovary of Litope-naeus vannmei.The parent shrimps fed on four different diets ( commercial parent shrimps feed , Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri combination bait , Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Nereis succinea combination bait ) , and the effect of each diet on the maturity of parent shrimps was evaluated by testing the gonad weight increase rate , eggs amount , aver-age spawning time and levels of VTG gene expression .The results showed that Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, as a closely related fresh water species of Nereis succinea, had the best effect on maturation of parent shrimps .The highest go-nad weight increase rate of 1475%and the largest consecutive spawning rate with average value of 72 .08% were both in groups fed on Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, with no significant difference from the groups fed on Nereis succinea combination bait .The dynamics of VTG mRNA level were observed in hepatopancreas and ovary of Litopenaeus van-nmei with the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing , which reflected reproductive performance of the parent shrimps and was suggested to be an indicator of reproductive performance for selective breeding .As a result, Lim-nodrilus hoffmeisteri is a suitable substitute of Nereis succinea based on its effect on the reproductive traits and VTG mRNA expression level in parent shrimps of Litopenaeus vannamei.