分析当前研究生思想政治教育工作中存在的主要问题,为加强医学研究生思想政治教育工作提供参考依据.采用问卷调查方式对一所三甲教学医院402名在读研究生的思想政治觉悟、集体荣誉观、导师专业水平和职业期望等维度进行评价.结果 显示,当前医学研究生具有较高的政治觉悟、强烈的集体荣誉感和对导师专业水平的高度认同感;调查提示在职业期望方面男生对事业的发展追求要高于女生.应树立以人为本的教育理念,充分发挥导师的引导作用,有效利用新媒体手段多渠道开展思想政治教育,为实现健康中国培养优秀医学人才.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effects of pseudomonas aerug PA-MSHA vaccine on cytoimmunity in advanced gastric cancer patients. Methods Seventy two patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Tumor bed was treated intraoperatively by pseudomonas vaccine injection in experimental group.The venous bloods were sampled prior to surgery (preoperative) and on days 10,20,and 30 postoperatively.The total lymphocyte count and lymphocyte subpopulations were detected while the postoperative complications and adverse drug reaction were observed,prognosis was evaluated. Results The total lymphocyte count(P =0.042) and the counts ofCD3+ lymphocyte(P =0.027) and NK cell increased (P =0.012) obviously in experimental group.CD8+ lymphocyte decreased(P =0.037),but the counts of CI4+ lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ were not significantly different.Complications were not significantly different in the two groups.One year survival rate was longer ( 94.9％ ) in experimental group than that in the control group ( 83.3％ ) ( P =0.022 ).Conclusions Peritoneal cavity administration with pseudomonas aerug vaccine was safe,and effectively helps regulate cytoimmunity in postoperative patients of advanced gastric carcinoma. Key words: Vaccines

目的:应用流式细胞技术（flow cvtometry,FCM）对腹腔冲洗液进行DNA倍体分析,作为胃癌腹腔脱落癌细胞（exfoliat-ed canceF cells,,ECC）检测的辅助手段为临床提供依据方法:收集62例胃癌患者术中腹腔冲洗液,应用FCM进行脱落细胞DNA倍体分析,同时行腹腔冲洗液细胞学（peritoneal lavage eytologv,PLC）检查,比较二者的检测敏感度,并分析FCM与胃癌不同临床病理特征的相关性结果:62例胃癌腹腔冲洗液流式细胞术DNA倍体分析检测阳性率为67.74%,而PLC阳性率仅为33.87%,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）肿瘤类型、浸润深度、受侵面积、淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、TNM分期与腹腔冲洗液异倍体肿瘤细胞相关（P均＞0.05）在局限性胃癌、肿瘤浸润深度、浆膜受侵面积＜10cm~2、淋巴结转移、无脉管瘤栓、TNM分期方面腹腔冲洗液FCM检测阳性率优于PLC（P均＜0.05）结论:流式细胞术可作为胃癌患者术中检测ECC的有效辅助诊断手段。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)in the peripheral blood of patients with bladder carcinoma.Methods Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the prevalence of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of 62 patients with bladder carcinoma and 20 healthy people.The change of the frequency of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of 10 patients before and after operation was investigated.Furthermore,the relationship of peripheral blood MDSC level with pathological characteristics and the prevalence of CD4+CD25high regulatery T cells(Tregs) was determined statistically.Results Compared with normal control〔(0.122±0.043)%〕,the prevalence of MDSC in the peripheral blood of patients with bladder carcinoma was highly increased〔(0.679±0.438)%(P0.01)〕.After the operation,the frequency of MDSCs was decreased(P0.05).Circulating MDSCs was significantly increased in cancer patients of all stages compared with healthy volunteers.A significant correlation between circulating MDSCs and clinical tumor stage was also observed.However,no significant correlation between circulating MDSCs and the differentiation state of cancer,the prevalence of Tregs was observed.Conclusion The prevalence of MDSCs is increased in the peripheral blood of patients with bladder cancer.These cells may negatively regulate antitumor immune response of patients.

Objective: To study the proportion of CD4(superscript +) CD25(superscript high) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Methods: The proportion and the phenotype of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 50 gastric cancer patients and 20 healthy controls were determined by flow cytometry. In addition, the changes of Treg cell levels of 10 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed before and one week after the operation. Results: Compared with the healthy controls (3.41±1.13) %, the proportion of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer was significantly increased (14.67±6.55) % (P＜0.01). In addition, the CD4(superscript +) CD25(superscript high) Treg cells expressed high levels of FOXP3, CD152 (CTLA-4), CD134 (OX40) and GITR. The Treg cell level in patients with gastric cancer was significantly reduced after the tumor was resection (P＜0.05). Conclusions: The proportion of Treg cells is increased in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer; The Treg cells may suppress the immune response against cancer and be related to the progress of the tumor.

Objective To compare and analyze the pharmacodynamic features of Fab' liposome and whole antibody liposome and explore the application prospects of Fab'liposome in terms of tumor-targeted therapy.Methods The in vitro binding capacity of liposome to targeting cell was calculated.The modified MTT method was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of whole antibody immunoliposome and Fab'immunoliposome.~(125)I tagging assay was used to analyze the in vivo pharmacodynamics and biodistribution of liposomes in mice.The survival periods of mice treated with non-targeted liposome,whole antibody liposome and Fab' liposome were evaluated using exnograft model.Results The Fab'targeting liposome preserved the cell-binding capacity of whole antibody targeting liposome and the two had similar cytotoxcities to targeted cancer cells;Fab'targeting liposome had a somewhat prolonged half-life in circulation as compared with the whole antibody liposome;The mice with tumor had a long survival time after treatment with Fab'liposome.Conclusions As compared with the whole antibody immunoliposome, the Fab'liposome has a more ideal pharmacodynamic feature and therapeutic efficacy.The results derived from this study will create new directions for tumor-targeting drug delivery.

Objective To investigate the proportion and the phenotype of CD4+ CD25high T cell(Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer.Methods Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of Tregs in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with colorectal cancer and 20 healthy people.The changes of the frequency of Tregs in the peripheral blood of 7 patients before and after operation were investigated.The characteristics of phenotype of Tregs.Results Compared with normal control[(3.1±1.46)%],the proportion of Treg in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer was significantly increased[(11.22±5.47)%,P0.01].After the operation,the frequency of Tregs was decreased(P0.01).There was no difference in the proportion of Tregs in patients of different stages.The Tregs had high expression of CD45RO combined with low expression of CD45RA,CD69 and CD62L.The costimulatory molecules CD80,CD86 could rarely be detected on the surface of Treg cells,whereas Foxp3 and HLA-Ⅰwere highly expressed.CD152,GITR,OX40,CD95,B7-H1 and CD95L were expressed on the surface of Treg cells at relatively high levels.Some of the Treg cells had variable expression of HLA-DR and CD154.Moreover,most Treg cells were negative for CD127 expression.Conclusion The frequency of Treg cells is increased in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal carcinoma.These cells may negatively regulate antitumor immune response of patients.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between P-glycoprotein function in peripheral blood cells and primary multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma.METHODS:P-gp function was investigated by flow cytometry in NK cells of 16 breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines and taxanes. Among all the patients, 8 were in chemotherapy-sensitive group and 8 in chemotherapy-resistant group. P-gp function was determined by rhodamine 123 (Rh123)-ejection test. Mathematical model was established by a regression of the fluorescence-time curve. The efflux rate constants of the chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant groups were compared.RESULTS:There was no significant difference of Rh123 accumulation, retention or efflux between the two groups. The mathematical model of F(t) = F(0) · e(-kt) was established. K was the efflux rate constant, which was significantly different between the chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant groups (P = 0.025). When k > 3.9 was used as diagnostic criterium for primary resistance, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 75.0%, 100% and 87.5%, respectively.CONCLUSION:P-glycoprotein function in peripheral blood cells is associated with primary multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma. The efflux rate constant may be a good predictor for chemotherapy sensitivity.

Despite advances in the development of human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines, little progress has been made in the field of therapeutic vaccines in recent years. In the present study, we found a significant accumulation of immature myeloid cells (ImC) in large TC‐1 tumors and demonstrated that a HPV therapeutic vaccine restored antitumor immune responses with the correction of aberrant myeloid cell differentiation by all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Our study demonstrated that combining ATRA with vaccination not only decreased the number of Gr‐1 + CD11b + ImC, but for the first time also suppressed the function of Gr‐1 + CD11b + ImC with decreased expression of CD80. Furthermore, large numbers of CD11c + CD80 + , CD11c + CD86 + , and CD11c + MHCII + mature dendritic cells were recruited. The combination therapy generated significantly increased numbers of functional E7‐specific T cells with elevated interferon‐γ secretion and enhanced cytotoxic T‐cell activity. These findings suggest potential clinical benefits for the combined use of ATRA and HPV therapeutic vaccines. ( Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 334–340)

Objective:To measure the amount of CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells in the circulation of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.Methods:The amount of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 58 cancer patients and 14 healthy controls was determined by flow cytometry.The phenotype of Treg was also determined by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with healthy controls(2.53±1.26)%,the amount of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic carcinoma was increased(15.61±13.97)%(P0.01).Compared with healthy controls,the proportions of Treg cells in the patients with pancreatic carcinoma in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ(18.75±20.76)%,stage Ⅲ(13.71±9.53)%,stage Ⅳ(14.20±7.46)%,were significantly higher(P0.01).In addition,the Treg cells had high expression of CD45 RO combined with low expression of CD45RA.The costimulatory molecules CD80,and CD86 were not detected on the surface of Treg cells,whereas CD152(CTLA-4) was variably expressed.Some of the Treg cells had surface expression of HLA-DR.The marker of recent activation(CD69) was not found on the surface of Treg cells whereas HLA-Ⅰ was highly expressed on the surface of Treg cells.Conclusions:The amount of Treg cells is increased in the peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.These Treg cells may mitigate the immune response against cancer,and may be related to tumor progress in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer, a whole body disease, can metastasize at early stage. This study was to explore the correlation of peripheral blood cancer cell (PBCC) content to distant metastasis of breast cancer. METHODS: The PBCC content of 65 breast cancer patients and 8 healthy donors was detected by multi-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) with CD45 and cytokeratin staining. RESULTS: Cancer cells were detected in peripheral blood samples from 57 of the 65 patients; the positive rate was 87.7%. No cancer cell was found in peripheral blood samples from healthy donors. The positive rate of PBCCs was correlated to T stage (r=0.271,P=0.017) and N stage (r=0.393, P=0.002). The patients were followed for 5 years; 2 were lost. Distant metastasis was found in 25 patients with PBCCs. In contrast, no metastasis was found in 8 patients without PBCCs (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative PBCC content is closely related to distant metastasis of breast cancer. The detection of PBCCs might be useful for individual treatment decision for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in the diagnosis and differentiated diagnosis of lymphoma and explain the immunophenotypic features and differences of malignant lymphoma.METHODSSeventy four fresh samples of suspicious lymphoma were collected from Nov. 2004 to Aug. 2006. Each sample was individually evaluated by FCI. The results were analyzed and compared with the histopathological diagnosis.RESULTSAmong the 74 cases, the FCI data consisted with the final morphological diagnosis in 61 cases (82.4%). For the diagnosis of B and T non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), thymoma, carcinoma and benign lesions of lymph node, the concordance between FCI data and morphological diagnosis were 93.5%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 81.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONMulti-parameter FCI analysis can provide important information and help for diagnosis of lymphoma. It is an assistant but necessary approach for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphoma.