Corrosion of carbon steel in acidic environments, especially during acid stimulation processes, remains a significant challenge in many industrial applications. This study investigates the application of a composite inhibitor (DL) consisting of Domiphen (DMP) and L-Cystine for acid stimulation, to prevent corrosion of carbon steel exposed to a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution across a range of temperatures. The results reveal that the synergistic effect exceeds 1, with a peak value of 2.36 at a molar ratio of 3:0.5, achieving over 98 % inhibition efficiency. Adsorption and characterization studies indicate that DMP's inhibition is driven by both physical adsorption and chemical interactions. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were also conducted to explain the observed synergistic effect. The findings suggest that the combination of DMP and L-Cystine can be likened to a wooden fence (DMP) reinforced by nails (L-Cystine), where DMP forms a protective barrier, while L-Cystine secures it, enhancing the overall protective integrity. This is the first identification of DMP as an effective inhibitor, demonstrating outstanding properties.

Incorporating quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) during pickling is an efficient and eco-friendly approach to mitigating metal corrosion. This study investigated the effectiveness of Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (HDBAC) and Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (TDBAC) in inhibiting the corrosion of Q235 steel in H2SO4, utilizing electrochemical methods, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and theoretical calculations. The electrochemical results demonstrated that compared with the blank impedance value of 40.68 Omega cm(2), HDBAC and TDBAC at 5 mM concentration showed impedance values of 997.69 Omega cm(2) and 676.17 Omega cm(2) at 298 K, indicating that they can effectively prevent the corrosion of Q235. SEM and AFM further showed the formation of a protective barrier film by HDBAC and TDBAC on the steel surface, effectively isolating it from the corrosive medium. Theoretical calculations further elucidated the mechanism by which these inhibitors create this protective barrier. The experiment also verified the hypothesis that the length of the hydrophobic chain of surfactants affects the adsorption behavior and the inhibition efficiency. When comparing their inhibitory effects at 5 mM concentrations, HDBAC exhibited superior performance (95.92 %) against Q235 in 0.5 M H2SO4, compared to TDBAC (94.09 %). These findings provide valuable insights for developing more effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitors for industrial applications.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have been widely concerned because of their low cost and high safety. However, zinc anodes are affected by active H2O, which promotes side reactions, and performs poorly at low temperatures. Herein, a weak-synergistic solvated sheath structure of Zn2+ is implemented by constructing a host-guest solvation modulation effect with the addition of D-xylose. As the host, D-xylose can replace the guest H2O in the solvated shell of Zn2+, weaken the interaction of Zn2+ with the guest H2O and SO42-, and destroy the original hydrogen bond network of the guest H2O-H2O. This electrolyte can greatly reduce side reactions induced by reactive H2O and lower the freezing point. Consequently, the electrolyte containing D-xylose has a high ionic conductivity of 21.2 mS cm(-1) at -10 degrees C. The Zn||Zn battery can run stably for more than 2000 h at 25 degrees C (1 mA cm(-2)) and -10 degrees C (0.5 mA cm(-2)). Furthermore, the Zn||PANI battery displays promising capacity and sustained stability over 1000 cycles at -10 degrees C with an average CE of up to 100 %. This study highlights a new electrochemical perspective to achieve a weak-synergistic structure around Zn2+, providing new insights into the application of AZIBs at low temperatures.

The design of new corrosion inhibitors for metallic copper is an important path to ensure that it is not corroded in a wide range of applications such as chemical and electronic industries. In this article, carbon dots with fluorescence properties are synthesized as corrosion inhibitors from green biomass through the hydrothermal method. This method does not generate a large number of waste solvents and toxic byproducts, and has excellent potential to replace other methods. Structural characterizations reveal that the biomass carbon dots (BCDs) contain a significant number of heteroatoms (such as N and S) and heteroatom-containing functional groups, which align with the general properties of corrosion inhibitors. The electrochemical analysis demonstrates an impedance value of 6314.1 & OHM; cm2 in a 50 mg/L BCD solution at 298 K, significantly higher than that observed in the blank solution, resulting in a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 92.97%. Morphological characterizations reveal that BCDs protect copper through adsorption and coordination film mechanisms. BCDs physically adsorb onto the copper surface and chemically coordinate with Cu+ to form a dense and ordered protective film. Notably, we utilize the fluorescence properties of BCDs as a probe to investigate the protective mechanisms of corrosion inhibitors on metals. Overall, the BCDs show great potential as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for copper protection, offering a new direction in corrosion research and practical applications.

Background: Metal corrosion not only leads to significant economic losses for the country but also poses a considerable threat to human safety. The majority of corrosion inhibitors available in the market today fail to meet the demand of industrial production for green and sustainable development. Therefore, it is the pursuit of numerous researchers to find efficient, eco-friendly and low-cost methods for metal protection.Methods: In this work, the information on the main components in extracts of Chinese mahonia leave (MLE) was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The functional groups of MLE were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ART-FTIR). X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) was selected to detect bonding information between MLE and the surface of copper. The mechanism of the anticorrosion in the Cu/H2SO4 system has been explored by theoretical calculation and electrochemical measurement.Significant findings: The electrochemical results showed that MLE could prevent corrosion of copper in the H2SO4 system, and the inhibition efficiency (IE) was 91% at 300 mg/L, MLE predominantly forms a protective film on the copper surface by employing both weak interactions (electrostatic adsorption) and strong interactions (chemical coordination). These interactions effectively isolate the copper substrate from the corrosive medium, resulting in a reduction in the corrosion rate. Combining molecular dynamics simulations with theoretical calculations, we have further confirmed that the N, O, and other heteroatoms in MLE molecules play a crucial role in their corrosion inhibition performance.

Background: There is beyond dispute that environmental protection and sustainable development have become the major theme in the world. It is necessary to explore an ecological corrosion inhibitor.Methods: The corrosion inhibition performance of wood hibiscus leaves (HLE) was studied by electrochemical measurement. The bonding information and functional group of Cu after immersed in H2SO4 solution (with or without HLE), which were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of Cu was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The anti-corrosion mechanism of HLE on copper was investigated by theoretical cal-culations and Monte Carlo simulation.Significant finds: The corrosion inhibition efficiency of 160 mg/L HLE is close to 92% at 298 K, and the adsorption type belonged to Langmuir adsorption. Theoretical calculations and experimental results showed that HLE was adsorbed on copper in parallel, forming a membrane to protect copper from corrosion.

Background: Copper is widely used in all areas of society, but it is easy to be corroded in corrosive media, which causes certain economic losses. Among many anti-corrosion methods, adding corrosion inhibitors is an efficient, convenient and common method. However, there are some shortcomings in traditional corrosion inhibitors, so it is urgent to develop an efficient corrosion inhibitor with no toxicity and low cost as well as no harm to the environment. Methods: The corrosion performance of Jasmine flower extract (JFE) for copper in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid medium was studied by electrochemical test, and the microstructure and chemical composition of copper surface were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The interaction mechanism between corrosion inhibitor molecules and copper was analyzed based on theoretical calculation. Significant findings: The results show that JFE is an efficient and environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor. In a certain temperature range (298 similar to 308 K), when the concentration of JFE is 500 mg/L, the corrosion inhibition efficiency (eta) is not less than 94.0%. According to Langmuir adsorption model, the JFE adsorbs on the copper surface as a mixed type of inhibitor.

Corrosion protection of metals is a significant research field that requires the development of safe, non-toxic, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly high-performance corrosion inhibitors. This study employed a water-based extraction method to obtain Lycium barbarum leaf extract (LBL) and utilized a series of experimental and theoretical approaches to evaluate its corrosion protection efficacy on copper in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid environments. The electrochemical tests unequivocally demonstrated the outstanding corrosion inhibition ability of LBL, with corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 92.9%, 92.8%, and 94.1% observed at a concentration of 400 mg/L and temperatures of 298 K, 303 K, and 308 K, respectively. Advanced techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to comprehensively characterize the chemical composition and functional groups of LBL and the surface of copper samples immersed in the LBL. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to observe and analyze the morphology of acid-corroded copper surfaces and those protected by LBL. As a supplement to the experimental findings, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to explore the theoretical aspects of the active constituents in LBL and simulate their adsorption behavior.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study an electrolytic etching method to prepare fine lines on printed circuit board (PCB). And the influence of organics on the side corrosion protection of PCB fine lines during electrolytic etching is studied in detail. Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the etching factor of PCB fine lines produced by new method and the traditional method was analyzed by the metallographic microscope. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the inhibition of undercut of the four organometallic corrosion inhibitors with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, benzotriazole, l-phenylalanine and l-tryptophan in the electrolytic etching process. FindingsThe SEM results show that corrosion inhibitors can greatly inhibit undercut of PCB fine lines during electrolytic etching process. XPS results indicate that N and S atoms on corrosion inhibitors can form covalent bonds with copper during electrolytic etching process, which can be adsorbed on sidewall of PCB fine lines to form a dense protective film, thereby inhibiting undercut of PCB fine lines. Quantum chemical calculations show that four corrosion inhibitor molecules tend to be parallel to copper surface and adsorb on copper surface in an optimal form. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation revealed that there is a significant difference in the amount of corrosion inhibitor adsorbed on sidewall of the fine line and the etching area. Originality/valueAs a clean production technology, electrolytic etching method has a good development indicator for the production of high-quality fine lines in PCB industry in the future. And it is of great significance in saving resources and reducing environmental pollution.

The inhibition mechanism of 1-(4-Chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine (CBP) and benzhydrylpiperazine (BP) on copper media in 0.5 M H2SO4 was assessed by theoretical calculation engaged with experimental ways. Electrochemical results manifested that both CBP and BP are cathode-type corrosion inhibitors with excellent corrosion resistance. The corrosion inhibition of 5 mM CBP and 5 mM BP was 97.40% and 95.26% at 298 K, respectively. The electrochemical results were pithily demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both of which showed that CBP and BP had good corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance is CBP > BP. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of CBP and BP valence bond information at the copper media, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detected that CBP formed one more ClACu bond than BP. The mixed adsorption of CBP and BP was checked by Langmuir isothermal model. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that CBP has more active adsorption sites than BP, and Molecular dynamics simulation shows that the parallelism between CBP and copper surface makes copper exposed to corrosion less than BP. These results further demonstrate that g (CBP) > eta (BP).(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

本文采用毒性小,价格低廉的2,2'-二硫代二吡啶(2,2'-Dithiodipyridine,DTDP)作为通孔电镀铜添加剂,对添加剂体系的浓度及脉冲电镀参数进行了优化.首先,对DTDP能否在高深径比通孔脉冲电镀过程中起到整平作用进行探究,并对包含其在内的四种添加剂的浓度进行正交优化,得到了当电镀效果较好时的最优添加剂浓度,但是该条件电镀后的通孔呈"狗骨状".其次再利用正交优化后的电镀液,采用单因素分析法对脉冲电镀参数进行优化,得出此时较优的脉冲电镀参数,并消除上述通孔"狗骨"现象.在电镀试验后,通过采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和浸锡热应力实验对电镀后的实验板进行性能测试.

采用220 g/L CuSO4·5H2O+0.54 mol/L H2SO4作为酸性电镀铜填盲孔的基础镀液,加入Cl-、二丙烷二磺酸钠(SPS)、聚乙二醇(PEG10000)、吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵盐(APTDC)作为添加剂,以计时电位法研究了镀铜铂盘电极在100 r/min和1000 r/min转速下,这4种添加剂的质量浓度对阴极电位的影响,并记录不同对流强度下的电位差.得到优化的添加剂组合为:Cl-50 mg/L,PEG10000150 mg/L,SPS 2.5 mg/L,APTDC 2.5 mg/L.采用此配方对盲孔进行电镀,填孔率在90％以上,平均面铜厚度为15.4μm,镀层光滑平整,抗热冲击性能好.

Background: The corrosion problem of Cu has aroused people's high attention while it is used in various fields of society. Organic compounds have great potential as high-efficiency corrosion inhibitors because of their practical and economical. Methods: The anti-corrosion performance of 2-Amino-6-(Methylsulfonyl)Benzothiazole (AMB) was studied by electrochemical experiment, weight loss measurements complemented by surface analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction between AMB and copper was studied at molecular level by using theoretical calculation. Significant finds: The electrochemical experiment demonstrated that as the consistence of AMB augmented, the anti-corrosion effect increased, and when the concentration reached 3 mM, the anti-corrosion efficiency (eta) was 95.95%. And the change of temperature has no significant effect on the corrosion inhibition efficiency. Weight loss measurements effectively support the phenomenon of electrochemical experiment. Besides the phenomenon of FTIR and XPS intuitively show the information of bonding between AMB and copper. Employing SEM and AFM, proving AMB can effectively adsorb on the interface of copper. Langmuir adsorption model illustrates that the adsorption of AMB is mixed adsorption. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition is further elucidated by quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. (c) 2021 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fine lines on printed circuit board were prepared by electrolytic etching. The process conditions optimized by modified simplex method with the etching factor as an indicator were as follows: CuCl2?2H2O 20 g/L, sulfadiazine 20 mg/L, HCl 0.42 mol/L, and current intensity 3.42 A/dm2. The average etching factor for 5 times of parallel tests conducted under the optimized conditions was 23.893, and the fine lines obtained were nearly rectangular in shape.

为了高效、快速治理高浓度难降解PCB(printed circuit board)有机废液,研究了氧化钙非均相催化臭氧氧化降解PCB废液的催化机理和催化性能.采用叔丁醇淬灭自由基实验和水杨酸羟基化实验探究催化机理;通过GC/MS研究了PCB废液中有机物可能降解途径;通过单纯形优化法对实验因素进行优化,并通过XRD和BET探究催化剂的循环稳定性.结果 表明:氧化钙非均相催化臭氧氧化过程遵循羟基自由基机理;在pH为12.97、CaO质量为1.0 g、废液深度为11 cm、降解时间为150 min、臭氧用量为120 mg·min-1时,COD去除率可达到90.045％;氧化钙经过5次循环后,废液的COD去除率没有显著降低,从92.78％降低至84.04％.CaO应用于催化臭氧氧化过程处理高浓度且难降解的PCB废液,能维持良好的催化性能和循环稳定性,具有良好的应用前景.

Levamisole (LMS) and 4-phenylimidazole (PIZ), used as corrosion inhibitors of copper in sulfuric acid solution were explored by electrochemical tests, morphology analysis and theoretical calculation. At the concentration of 8 mM, the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiencies of LMS and PIZ are 99.03% and 95.84%, respectively. All test data found that LMS had better corrosion inhibition performance than PIZ. LMS is a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, while PIZ belongs to a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical results indicate that the corrosion inhibition efficiency has the same trend when the concentration of corrosion inhibitor increases. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope were applied to research the surface morphology of copper samples under different conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model were utilized to explain adsorption means. What is more, Langmuir adsorption isotherm model indicates the coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption for the two inhibitors. Besides, the adsorption between LMS and copper is more prone to chemical adsorption. The mechanism of metallic copper and corrosion inhibitors was explored through quantum chemistry studies and molecular dynamics simulation. (C) 2019 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

以蚀刻因子为指标,通过正交试验对电解蚀刻法制备印制电路板(PCB)精细线路的工艺参数进行优化,得到电解蚀刻的最优条件为:2,5?二巯基?1,3,4?噻二唑(DMTD)15 mg/L,CuCl230 g/L,HCl 0.48 mol/L,阳极电流密度2.4 A/dm2.在最优工艺条件下,蚀刻因子平均达到7.53,所得PCB精细线路平整均匀,无毛边、短路、断路等缺陷,阴极同步回收得到的铜板呈赤红色,回收率为47.67％.

A novel nano-fibrous adsorbent from imino-acetic acid (IDA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixture solution was prepared by electro-spinning technique. The nano-fibrous adsorbents with imino-acetic acid functional groups were characterized and demonstrated by fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the adsorbents to remove heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) ions from the aqueous solution was studied. The maximum adsorption percentage (SP) of the metal ions can reach 93.08% for Cu (II) and 96.69% for Pb(II), respectively. Furthermore, it shows that the adsorption procedure of the adsorbents is spontaneous and endothermic, and adsorption rate fits well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Most importantly, the reusability of the nanofibers for removal of metal ions was also demonstrated to be used at least five times.

In this paper, the inhibition performance of 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol (DIP) in 0.5 M sulfuric acid were studied by polarization curves, impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and theoretical calculations. The results of electrochemical experiments manifest that DIP is a cathode corrosion inhibitor that can produce a compact protective membrane on the surface of copper, which can effectively reducing the corrosion current density. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) certificated that a conservational membrane was produced on the surface of the inhibited sample. In addition, the adsorption of the inhibitor was found to be consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations were applied to elucidate the adsorption mode of inhibitor molecules on copper surfaces.

为了解决我国现有的两种危险化学品企业环境风险评估方法之间的不一致以及这两种方法对基层管理人员的操作困难性, 本文在现有评价方法基础上针对重庆市危险化学品、生产及使用企业特点和管理要求等, 提出了化学品危害性分级标准,就300余种危险化学化学品进行了基础数据收集和危害性分级, 补充了危险化学品企业环境风险评估评价细节, 调整了权重因子,建立了一套危险化学品环境风险分级体系, 并利用实例进行验证, 获得了满意的结果.