In order to reduce the high dependence on cement in the concrete preparation process, based on the Guangxi Lianhe Expressway Project, Micro-CaCO3 and fly ash were selected for use as the composite admixtures to study the effects of their application on the concrete chemical properties, appearance quality and carbon emission in the life stage, and the SEM test was utilized to observe the microstructure of the corresponding mortar and to reveal its intrinsic mechanism. The research results show that Micro-CaCO3 composite fly ash admixture can improve the flowability and early strength of concrete. For low-strength concrete, it can reach standard strength in about 7 days. Meanwhile, concrete with an appropriate amount of composite admixture can enhance its resistance to elastic deformation. SEM images indicate that the incorporation of Micro-CaCO3 has a better filling and compacting effect on the internal pores of concrete. However, the dosage of Micro-CaCO3 to replace the equivalent amount of cement should be controlled between 10% and 20%, while excessive dosage will easily affect the hydration and consolidation effect between cement and fly ash, which can reduce the carbon emission ratio of concrete in the stages of materialization, transportation, and construction by about 9%–18%.

The accumulation of snow and ice on the surface of roadways can threaten driving safety, which is a major pain point in winter. To address the issue of pavement icing, this paper researched the biological antifreeze protein (AFP) filler, which was then mixed with a portion of mineral powder to create a blend. This blend was further combined with emulsified asphalt modified by a combination of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER) to produce a micro-surfacing mixture with active anti-icing capabilities. The road performance tests were conducted to assess whether the anti-icing micro-surfacing mixture’s road performance was affected. Subsequently, improved and innovative anti-icing tests were conducted to evaluate the anti-icing performance of the anti-icing micro-surfacing. The anti-icing tests encompassed freezing tests, ice-melting and snow-melting tests, active de-icing simulation tests, and ice adhesion force tests. The road performance tests indicate that the incorporation of antifreeze filler enhances the resistance of the micro-surfacing mixture against water erosion during freeze-thaw cycles, with a minimal impact on rutting resistance and abrasion resistance. The freezing test demonstrates the excellent active antifreeze function of the anti-icing micro-surfacing. Furthermore, the ice-melting and snow-melting test reveals that the anti-icing micro-surfacing effectively speeds up the melting process of snow and ice on the surface of roadways. The active de-icing simulation test and adhesion test confirm that the anti-icing micro-surfacing significantly accelerates the rate of active de-icing. Overall, the anti-icing micro-surfacing demonstrates a significant active anti-icing effect while maintaining its road performance capabilities.

The long-serving old cement concrete pavement has suffered severe damage, affecting travel safety. When conducting rubblization construction to reconstruct the damaged pavement, it needs to consider the influence of dynamic compaction force on the original roadbed. This paper is based on vibration theory to analyze the resonance rubblization mechanism of elastic foundation slabs. Four types of constrained plate models have been established to study the frequency response characteristics of plates under different constraint conditions and the characteristics of subgrade response under dynamic compaction force. Based on actual engineering, the particle size distribution and strength mechanism of the broken layer have been revealed. The results show that the structure of the broken layer after resonance rubblization treatment exhibits obvious characteristics of a flexible base layer. When used as a base layer for overlaying, the broken layer shows an overall compressed state, which can better utilize the bending and tensile resistance of the overlaid asphalt surface layer, thus helping to prevent the occurrence of reflective cracks. The experimental results of this study can provide theoretical support and reference for subsequent resonance rubblization construction, ensuring the service quality of the asphalt pavement after rubblization and avoiding or delaying the occurrence of reflective crack diseases.

Cinnamomum cassia Presl is a major food spice as well as traditional herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and stomachic properties, which must be dried to preserve its quality, but mostly by using traditional, ineffective drying method. In order to find a scientific drying method by evaluating different drying methods that could influence the quality of C. cassia, ten indices were employed to evaluate different drying methods in C. cassia using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method though calculating the total scores and ranking the priority. Four quality markers (Q-Markers) (coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxycinnamaldehyde) were isolated from the samples and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method under different drying methods. The results showed that various drying methods had multiple effects on the physicochemical qualities, essential oil content, and Q-Marker contents. Compared with other drying methods, oven-drying of 45 °C (45OD) maintained optimal levels of color and aroma, it also significantly shortened the drying time by 225 h than traditionally shade-drying (SHD) method with the drying rate (48.35 %), and obtained the highest essential oil content (3.05 %) and Q-Marker contents (30.23 mg g−1). Furthermore, the ash content (4.22 %) were satisfied with the stipulation of Chinese pharmacopoeia in 45OD samples. Applying AHP allowed us to identify 45OD as the optimal drying method with the highest total score (9.00), followed by the traditional shade-drying (SHD) method (7.88). The present study is the first report to apply the AHP method for quality evaluation of drying processing in C. cassia. It can provide the theoretical basis for evaluating an excellent method for C. cassia drying processing, as well as the rational use of different drying methods to furtherly develop the high quality C. cassia industry.

The conventional chlorine-based anti-icing filler poses risks of structural damage and environmental pollution during the removal of frozen pavement, and its long-term effectiveness is not guaranteed. In light of this, a novel environmentally-friendly slow-release biologically active anti-icing filler with a core-membrane structure was designed and prepared in this study. The particle morphology characteristics and composition of the slow-release biologically active anti-icing fillers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The anti-freezing and the slow-release mechanism of the slow-release biologically active anti-icing fillers were comprehensively discussed. Additionally, a service life model was developed to predict the effective anti-icing cycle and performance. The results demonstrated that the salting-out method effectively coated the antifreeze protein (AFP), maintaining its desirable appearance and achieving an ideal coating effect. After 27, 35, and 44 cycles of immersion freeze-thaw, the anti-icing packing samples with 3%, 6%, and 9% mass reached the failure state respectively. Furthermore, the modeling of the slow-release active anti-icing micro-surface service life indicated that the effective anti-icing life increased with higher dosages of the anti-icing filler. Overall, this study highlights the favorable long-lasting anti-icing effect of the slow-release biologically active anti-icing filler, offering a novel and environmentally-friendly approach to address winter asphalt pavement icing.

In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and corrosion of road facilities by chloride ion de-icing agents, eco-friendly acetate de-icing filler for asphalt pavement was prepared in this paper using response surface methodology (RSM). The basic performance of eco-friendly de-icing filler was evaluated by de-icing test, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four de-icing asphalt mastic were prepared by eco-friendly de-icing filler with matrix asphalt, SBS asphalt, high viscosity asphalt and asphalt rubber. The rheological and cohesive properties of the four de-icing mastic were analyzed using dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests and binder bond strength (BBS) test. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fluorescence microscope (FM) were used to investigate the microscopic interaction mechanism and compatibility of eco-friendly de-icing filler with the four asphalt. The test results show that eco-friendly de-icing filler is similar to the mineral filler in particle morphology and gradation. The thermal stability, ice melting performance and environmental performance of eco-friendly de-icing filler can satisfy the practical application. The phase angle and rutting factor of de-icing asphalt mastic increased to different degrees, but the adhesion and self-healing properties were weakened. The cohesive strength of matrix asphalt, SBS asphalt, high viscosity asphalt, and asphalt rubber mastic decreased by 4.49%, 6.37%, 14.24% and 10.26% respectively, and the healing rate decreased by 4.17%, 5.32%, 2.78% and 8.41% respectively. New absorption peaks appeared in the FTIR image, indicating that eco-friendly de-icing filler accelerated the aging of asphalt mastic. The FM pictures showed that the high viscosity asphalt was more compatible with eco-friendly de-icing filler and that the asphalt rubber was the worst. The results of this paper show that de-icing asphalt mastic using high viscosity modified asphalt has the best comprehensive performance.

In recent years,with the improvement of the requirements of road performance,modified emulsified asphalts with better performance has gradually replaced the emulsified asphalt and become the primary material for road maintenance.This paper introduces the modified emulsified asphalt materials commonly used in pavement maintenance projects,definitions and modified mechanisms of polymerized styrene butadiene rubber(SBR)modified emulsified asphalt,styrene butadiene styrene block polymer(SBS)modified emulsified asphalt and waterborne epoxy resin(WER)modified emulsified asphalt are summarized.The analysis focused on comparing the effects of modifiers,preparation process,auxiliary additives,and other factors on the performance of modified emulsified asphalt.In this paper,it is considered that the greatest impact on the performance of emulsified asphalt is the modifier,emulsifier mainly affects the speed of breaking the emulsion,stabilizers on the basic performance of emulsified asphalt evaporative residue is small;and when the modifier is distributed in the asphalt in a network,the dosage at this time is the recommended optimum dosage.Finally,this study recommends that in the future,the polymer-asphalt compatibility can be improved through composite modification,chemical grafting and other methods to continue to develop broader applicability and better performance of modified emulsified asphalt.

Although there are many kinds of fracture tests to choose from in evaluating the crack resistance of asphalt mixture,the semi-circular bending(SCB)test has attracted a lot of attention in the academic road engineering community because of its simplicity,stability,and flexibility in testing and evaluation.The SCB test has become a common method to study the cracking resistance of asphalt mixture in recent years.This paper mainly summa-rizes the overview of the SCB test,summarizes some research results and common characterization parameters of the SCB test method in monotone test and fatigue test in recent years,and predicts and suggests the research direction of the SCB test in the future.It is found that the research on the monotonic SCB test is more compre-hensive,and the research on the SCB fatigue test needs to be further improved in the aspects of loading mode,characterization parameter selection,and so on.Researchers can flexibly adjust the geometric dimensions and the test parameters of semi-cylindrical specimens,and conduct comprehensive analysis combined with the results of numerical simulation.The crack resistance of asphalt mixture can be comprehensively evaluated by fracture energy,fracture toughness,stiffness,flexibility index and other fracture indicators,combined with the crack propagation of the specimen.The analysis of numerical simulation can confirm the test results.In order to standardize the setting of fatigue parameters for future application,it is necessary to standardize the setting of bending performance.

The intelligent construction system of asphalt pavement consists of an intelligent paver, driverless roller, mobile base station, intelligent control program, etc. By installing GPS(BDS)+ GNS satellite receiver, 5G communication chip, microwave communication host, radio signal receiving antenna on the construction equipment and connecting with the processor, switch, program software, and other components set on the equipment, integrate the laser obstacle avoidance radar, infrared temperature detection device, laser ranging sensor and other terminal equipment set on the equipment to realize the intellectualization of equipment use function; By running the intelligent control system, mobile 5G communication base station system and construction area acquisition system, command the linkage operation of multiple intelligent types of equipment to realize the intelligent control of pavement construction and meet the requirements of asphalt pavement design specifications.

This study resolves the poor enhancement problem of high-temperature performance and lower dissolution of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt and soybean bio-asphalt (SBA) (extracted from waste soybean oil) by tannic acid (TA) modified bamboo fiber (MBF). The rheological properties and microscopic morphologies of the modified asphalt and fibers were investigated by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the rutting factor and deformation recovery rate of 3% MBF/3% SBS/SBA modified asphalt at 64 degrees C increased by 78.4% and 31.99% as compared with those of 5% SBS modified asphalt. Further, the phenolic hydroxyl group of TA reacted with CO groups in SBA to form a strong connection between BF and bio-asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that SBS solubilization and BF formed a uniform and stable network structure in the modified asphalt. This study provides a useful, greener, and cost-effective strategy for the effective utilization of industrial waste (BF and waste soybean oil) by converting into advanced functional materials for highway and construction industries novel and hence can concomitantly decrease environmental pollution and enhance energy conservations.

To address the icing problem on the road, this paper, based on the salt accumulation and de-icing technology, used binary acetate as the de-icing material to prepare an eco-friendly de-icing filler(EDF), and EDF replaced the mineral fillers into four types of asphalt mixtures of matrix, SBS, high viscosity and rubber to prepare four different eco-friendly de-icing asphalt mixtures (EDAM). The compatibility and adhesiveness of four types of asphalt with the EDF were studied by scanning electron microscope test and pull-out test. By setting the freeze-thaw cycle conditions, the performance changes of water stability and low-temperature crack resistance of the four types of EDAM were studied. The pavement-ice interface adhesion reduction test and de-icing salt precipitation test were used to analyze the differences in the de-icing effect of four types of EDAM. The test results show that the adhesiveness between four types of asphalt mastic and EDF are different, which has an important impact on the road performance; In the freeze-thaw cycle environment, the addition of EDF damages the water stability and low temperature flexibility of the asphalt mixture, but enhances the anti-rutting performance after washout. In the de-icing effect, the four types of EDMA show various performances. This paper shows that the road performance and de-icing performance of EDMA with high viscosity are the best, which provides a new method for deicing asphalt pavement.

Improper handling of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) can cause serious pollution to the water and soil environments. In order to explore a new method of recycling waste PCBs, this study investigated the effect of PCBs and butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) on the rheological properties of neat bitumen. The dynamic shear rheological (DSR) test was used to study the effect of different PCB contents on the high-temperature rheological properties of SBR-modified bitumen. Fluorescence microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the microstructure change law and modification mechanism of PCB and SBR composite modified bitumen. Finally, the feasibility of the bitumen properties was verified through a test of the bituminous mixture properties. The DSR test results showed that the addition of PCBs improves the elastic recovery modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and rutting factor of SBR-modified bitumen, indicating that the high-temperature properties were improved. Infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that a new absorption peak was generated in the infrared spectrum of the compound bitumen after the addition of PCBs, and the intensity of the original absorption peak also changed, indicating that PCBs and SBR-modified bitumen were mainly physically blended and accompanied by a weak chemical reaction. It was further found that the absorption peak of the unsaturated C=C double bond was significantly enhanced, and the increase in the content of the unsaturated bond C=C in the main chain of the polymer significantly increases the stiffness of the bitumen. Macroscopically, the high-temperature rutting resistance was improved to a certain extent. The fluorescence diagram shows that when PCBs do not exceed 10%, the PCBs can form a homogeneous structure and be dispersed in SBR-modified bitumen. The road test of PCBs and SBR composite modified bituminous mixtures showed that PCBs can significantly improve the rutting resistance and water stability of SBR-modified bitumen at high temperatures at the recommended optimum content. The crack resistance at low temperatures is weakened but still meets actual engineering requirements. The correlation analysis between the properties of bitumen and bituminous mixtures is carried out based on grey correlation theory. The results show that the index of modified bitumen has a very good guiding effect on the bituminous mixture properties. The development of PCBs and SBR composite-modified bitumen provides a new practical method for recycling waste PCBs.

A self-designed mini gas–solid reaction device was applied as promising equipment to investigate the oxidation characteristics and kinetics of the glycerol ester of rosin (GER) under 254 nm UV irradiation in air.

利用紫外分光光度计建立了一种快速检测松香甘油酯含量的方法.松香甘油酯溶液的吸光度与浓度的工作曲线方程为:A=0.0261b+0.01032,R2=0.9996,在10.00～32.50 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,精密度和稳定性实验的RSD分别为0.28％～0.84％、1.67％～2.17％,回收率为99.3％～101.4％,RSD为1.16％.同时建立了松香和松香甘油酯混合体系的定量分析方法.当混合物浓度为10 mg·L-1时,松香甘油酯含量与吸光度为线性关系:y=-0.2416x+0.4948,R2=0.991.该方法不仅能分析松香甘油酯的纯度,也能跟踪测定松香与甘油酯化反应过程的转化率和进程.

The lithium-ion battery plays a crucial role in the power supply of the electric vehicles (EVs). Battery remaining useful life (RUL) is critically vital to ensure the vehicles' safety and reliability. Due to the complicated aging mechanism, predicting RUL for the battery management systems (BMSs) is challenging. In this article, a novel degradation indicator was constructed using the information extracted from the discharge voltage. The indicator reflected the complete and effective energy information from the voltage signals to reveal battery degradation characteristics. Additionally, an innovative fractional grey model (FRGM) unscented particle filter (UPF) framework was developed for RUL prediction in this article. To improve the accuracy and traceability of prediction, the framework adopted a novel FRGM to update the state transition equation in UPF. Meanwhile, the UPF was employed to extrapolate trends of the indicator and achieve the RUL prediction. The performances of FRGM-UPF with the degradation indicator were synthetically verified by the data from various types of batteries under different aging tests. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method could achieve precise prediction results and had a wide range of practicability and universality. The developed technologies could be incorporated with the other control algorithms for application in BMS of EVs.

An accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction method is significant to optimize the lithium-ion batteries' performances in an intelligent battery management system. Since the construction of battery models and the initialization of algorithms require a large amount of data, it is difficult for conventional methods to guarantee the RUL prediction accuracy when the available data are insufficient. To solve this problem, a synergy of sliding-window grey model (SGM) and particle filter (PF) is exploited to build an innovative framework for battery RUL prediction. The SGM is adopted to explore the modelling of battery capacity degradation, and it characterizes the capacity changes during the battery's life-time with a few data (eg, 8 data points). To promote the accuracy and traceability of prediction, the development coefficient of the SGM, which can dynamically reflect the capacity degradation, is extracted to update the state variables of state transition function in PF. Accordingly, the fusion of SGM and PF (SGM-PF) can extrapolate the changes of the capacity and realize RUL prediction using fewer data. Furthermore, the performances of SGM-PF are comprehensively validated using two types of batteries aged under different conditions. The RUL prediction results reveal that the SGM-PF framework can achieve precise and reliable predictions in different prediction horizons with as few as 8 data points, and it has prominent performance in accuracy and stability over contrastive methods, especially in long-term prognosis.

The thermal oxidation characteristics of abietic acid were investigated through tracing the oxidation process in custom-designed mini closed pressure vessel test under isothermal and step temperature conditions. Peroxide generation and the peroxide value of abietic acid oxidation process were measured using thin-layer chromatographic analysis and iodimetry. The primary oxidation product-peroxide-was separated by column chromatography with further structure characterization, and its thermal decomposition characteristics were assessed via a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The oxidation was mainly initiated through the radical generation from hydrogen abstraction on the unsaturated conjugated double bonds of abietic acid above 343 K. The main hydroperoxide, 7-hydroperoxy-13-abiet-8(14)-enoic acid, was found in abietic acid with a high peroxide value. The exothermic onset temperature (T-0) and decomposition heat (Q(DSC)) of this peroxide were 353.94 K and 545.37 J.g(-1), respectively. Finally, a second-stage oxidation process of abietic acid was first investigated when the temperature reached the abietic acid melt point (448 K) with complex oxidation products forming, such as dehydroabietic acid, palustric acid, 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, 7-methoxy-tetradehydroabietic acid, 12-deoxyroyleanone acid, and 12-methoxy-abietic acid.

The Buton rock modified asphalt has the similar high temperature performance with the SBS modified asphalt, but the price is much less than the SBS asphalt. Moreover, it can be highly integrated with asphalt without polymerization, and has been considered as a green road construction materials. Wet processing technique has been chosen to produce the Buton rock modified asphalt, compare with the traditional dry processing technique, natural rock modified asphalt is much more easier to fuse with asphalt, and the performance of the mixture could be much stable. With the application of the wet processing Buton rock modified asphalt in Anhui Province, China, the mix design method and road performance has been tested and researched, and the tests results could meet the requirements of the national specification.

Accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation is crucial to guarantee the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. This paper aimed to develop an advanced battery estimation method for electric vehicles based on the grey model without the need of a high-fidelity battery model demanding high computation power. The metabolic grey model (MGM) introduced metabolism mechanism to adjust the model parameters according to the evolving operating status and conditions and estimate the state of charge. To further validate the feasibility of the proposed method, the analog acquisition, communication system, and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed to embed within a LabVIEW platform. The performance of the proposed SoC estimation with MGM algorithm was finally investigated with a battery-in-loop platform under different dynamic loading profiles. The experimental results indicated that the MGM can estimate SoC that involved small samples and poor information in real time, with the maximum errors of no over 4% under various loading conditions.