PURPOSE:Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming orthodontics, yet a comprehensive and up-to-date bibliometric analysis is lacking. This study systematically maps key research areas, influential contributors, and collaborative networks driving AI innovation. METHODS:A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science (Clarivate, London, UK) for AI and orthodontics articles up to January 10, 2026. CiteSpace (version 6.2.R6, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20, Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands) were used to extract and visualize the data, including publications, journals, institutions, countries, highly cited articles, authors, and keywords. RESULTS:A total of 454 articles were included, authored by 2150 authors affiliated with 674 institutions across 64 countries. The research landscape has expanded exponentially since 2019, with the USA, China, and South Korea emerging as primary global collaboration hubs. Keyword burst analysis highlighted the rapid clinical integration of AI applications in image recognition, diagnosis, and evaluation. CONCLUSION:This study maps AI integration trends, showing how AI enhances diagnostic precision and treatment evaluation. These insights might be able to guide researchers toward cutting-edge frontiers. Future research should prioritize multimodal data integration, personalized treatment workflows, and patient privacy protection.

PurposeThis study aimed to systematically compare the efficacy of erythritol, glycine, and trehalose as subgingival subgingival air polishing powders in non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (up to August 2024). The sample size, treatment time, and outcome indicators including periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were extracted from the articles. Direct meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed by using “R”.ResultsNine RCTs met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 462 patients were included in the study. For PPD, the network meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the cross-comparison of erythritol, glycine and trehalose. However, erythritol (SUCRA = 84.1) has an advantage over trehalose (SUCRA = 48.0) and glycine (SUCRA = 28.5) in reducing PPD. The results of direct meta-analysis showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the improvement of outcome indicators such as PPD, CAL and BOP by the three subgingival polishing powders.ConclusionThe recommended order of priority for the use of three subgingival subgingival air polishing powders is as follows: erythritol, trehalose, and glycine.Strenaths and limitaions of this studyWe recommend the priority for the use of the three powders was as follows: erythritol, trehalose, and glycine.Limitations:limited number of RCTs made it difficult to draw a test for publication bias.Systematic Review Registrationidentifier CRD42022366792.

To evaluate the causal relationship between female reproductive factors and periodontitis, and identify potential mediators underlying these associations. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from different consortiums was used to search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with exposures as instrumental variables (IVs). The causality between female reproductive factors and periodontitis was measured by univariable mendelian randomization (UVMR). The mediation analysis was conducted by two-step mendelian randomization (Two-Step MR). The reverse MR was utilized to examine potential reverse causality. The age of menarche (β 0.1328; 95

ObjectivesTo reveal the cellular composition and molecular environment of the inflammatory infiltrates in residual deep pockets of severe periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). This may provide critical insights for targeted therapy in managing severe periodontitis.MethodsSingle-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq of periodontal tissues from patients with severe periodontitis following NSPT and healthy donors were performed. Eligible public datasets of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq were also used for analysis. Multiplex immunohistochemical immunofluorescence was used to validate the identified cell subtypes further.ResultsWe identified a diverse inflammatory microenvironment landscape in the residual deep pockets of severe periodontitis after NSPT, in which IL-6+ fibroblasts were enriched in the deep pocket granulation tissue of severe periodontitis. The hypoxic microenvironment orchestrated by IL-6+ fibroblasts was closely associated with the persistent inflammation in severe periodontitis after NSPT. The infiltration of IL-6+ fibroblasts and FCN1+ macrophages exhibited a strong correlation, suggesting a potential crosstalk between the two cell subtypes. The coexistence of IL-6+ fibroblasts and FCN1+ macrophages was associated with sustained inflammatory responses, response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption in severe periodontitis after NSPT.ConclusionsOur study unveiled the presence of a fibroblast-mediated network localized in the hypoxic region of the severe periodontitis that functionally linked macrophages and fibroblasts, which collaborate to exacerbate the periodontal inflammation microenvironment. These findings may offer a new perspective for the targeted treatment of severe periodontitis, especially the targeted treatment against IL-6+ fibroblasts.

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is an adjunctive technique in orthodontic treatment, based on the principle of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). It aims to shorten orthodontic treatment duration by enhancing osteoclast activity. In recent years, the surgical approach of PAOO has been gradually optimized with the development of techniques such as piezosurgical corticotomy and alveolar micro-osteoperforations. The materials used have also improved, including novel grafting materials such as bioactive glass and new barrier membranes like platelet-rich fibrin. Thanks to these clinical innovations, PAOO is evolving toward a trend of minimal pain, low invasiveness, and high efficacy. However, clinical research on PAOO remains limited, large-sample, multicenter randomized controlled trials are still needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of different surgical techniques and grafting materials in PAOO.

This study evaluated the efficacy of trapezoidal coronally advanced flap (tCAF), envelope coronally advanced flap (eCAF), and coronally advanced tunnel flap (TUN) in treating gingival recession (GR) through a network meta-analysis. Eligible articles from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases published up to September 2020 were selected to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on tCAF, eCAF, and TUN treatments. Sample size, treatment time, and outcome measures including complete root coverage (CRC), root coverage esthetic score (RES), and other data were extracted from the article, and integrated analysis was conducted. In total, 10 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, involving 310 patients. Direct meta-analysis showed no significant differences in CRC among the three surgical methods; A significant difference was seen for RES, with TUN worse than tCAF (weighted mean difference: -0.73; 95% CI: -1.44, -0.02; P = .045). The network meta-analysis showed no statistical significance in the cross-comparison of tCAF, eCAF, and TUN. However, eCAF had the most significant effect on improving CRC (SUCRA = 69.2) and RES (SUCRA = 85.0). eCAF has the best prognosis in the treatment of GR, followed by tCAF and TUN. This may influence the surgeon's treatment choice, as eCAF may be more effective in root coverage procedures.

Palatal radicular groove is a developmental malformation of maxillary incisors, lateral incisors in particular, which often causes periodontal destruction. This paper reports a case of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions induced by palatal radicular groove, which was initially misdiagnosed as a simple periapical cyst. After root canal therapy and periapical cyst curettage, the course of disease was prolonged, resulting in the absence of buccal and maxillary bone plates in the affected tooth area. After the etiology was determined, the affected tooth was extracted and guide bone tissue regeneration was performed at the same time, followed by implantation and restoration at the later stage, leading to clinical cure. The palatal radicular groove is highly occult, and the clinical symptoms are not typical. If the abscess of the maxillary lateral incisor occurs repeatedly, and the abscess of the maxillary lateral incisor has not been cured after periodontal and root canal treatment, cone-beam computed tomographic and periodontal flap surgery should be considered.

The present study aimed to evaluate the wear behavior of BaTiO3 (BT) modified 3Y-TZP ceramic composites compared to commercially available 3Y-TZP products and provided evidence relevant to its clinical use. A set of BT-modified 3Y-TZP (BT/3Y-TZP) ceramic composites was prepared. The mechanical properties and wear behavior of BT/3Y-TZP ceramic composites were investigated. The 3D digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses of the worn surface helped to reveal the underlining mechanisms. In comparison with commercially available 3Y-TZP ceramics, the mechanical properties of the BT/3Y-TZP composite ceramics could meet the clinical requirements. More importantly, the 5 mol% BT/3Y-TZP showed the best wear properties against natural tooth enamel for the dry and saliva lubrication tests. The SEM and STEM analyses confirmed a stable transfer enamel layer formed on the surface of 5 mol% BT/3Y-TZP ceramic composite under dry as well as saliva environments. The in site formed tribofilm with self-lubricating function contributed to the reduced wear of the antagonist teeth. Therefore, the enamel-friendly 5 mol% BT/3Y-TZP may be a new material option for restorative dentistry. Moreover, the interface transfer theory could provide a new way of thinking to find more enamel-friendly dental restorative materials in the future.

OBJECTIVES:There is currently a lack of economic and suitable animal models that can accurately recapitulate the oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) disease state for indepth study. This is one of the primary reasons for the limited therapeutic methods available for OSF. Based on the underlying logic of pan-cancer analysis, this study systematically compares OSF and the other four types of organ fibrosis from the aspects of molecules, signaling pathways, biological processes, etc. A comprehensive analysis of the similarities and differences between OSF and other organ fibrosis is helpful for researchers to discover some general rules of fibrosis disease and may provide new ideas for studying OSF.METHODS:Microarray data of the GSE64216, GSE76882, GSE171294, GSE92592, and GSE90051 datasets were downloaded from GEO. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) of each type of fibrosis were identified by Limma package. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify each type of fibrosis-related module. The similarities and differences of each fibrosis-related-module genes were analyzed by function and pathway enrichment analysis.RESULTS:A total of 6 057, 10 910, 27 990, 10 480, and 4 801 DEmRNAs were identified in OSF, kidney intestinal fibrosis (KIF), liver fibrosis (LF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and skin fibrosis (SF), respectively. By using WGCNA, each type of fibrosis-related module was identified. The co-expression networks for each type of fibrosis were constructed respectively. Except that KIF and LF have 5 common hub genes, other fibrotic diseases have no common hub genes with each other. The common pathways of OSF, KIF, LF, IPF, and SF mainly focus on immune-related pathways.CONCLUSIONS:OSF and the other 4 types of fibrotic diseases are tissue- and organ-specific at the molecular level, but they share many common signaling pathways and biological processes, mainly in inflammation and immunity.

The abnormal levels of two biological molecules, dopamine (DA) and Uric acid (UA), in human body are symptoms of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and arrhythmia. A novel lanthanum vanadate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (LaV-MWCNTs) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed and utilized as an efficient electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA. LaV-MWCNTs composite was successfully fabricated by a facile ultrasonic self-assembly method and identified by means of a series of successive measurements including XPS, XRD, FT-IR and FE-SEM. The LaV-MWCNTs modified GCE shows the concentration linear ranges of DA and UA are 2-100 mu M using DPV. The limits of detection (LODs; signal-to-noise ratio of 3, S/N = 3) of the LaV-MWCNTs modified GCE sensor for DA and UA were calculated to be 0.046 mu M and 0.025 mu M, respectively. The feasibility of using the LaV-MWCNTs modified GCE sensor to detect DA and UA in a typical biological fluid, fetal bovine serum, was also evaluated by the standard addition method.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most common and serious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). About 45%∼83% of patients develop GVHD in the oral cavity. There has no medical records of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) induced by GVHD after allo-HSCT, which should be brought to the attention of dentists.

Virus threatens life health seriously. The accurate early diagnosis of the virus is vital for clinical control and treatment of virus infection. Aptamers are small single-stranded oligonucleotides (DNAs or RNAs). In this review, we summarized aptasensors for virus detection in recent years according to the classification of the viral target protein, and illustrated common detection mechanisms in the aptasensors (colorimetry, fluorescence assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical detection, and field-effect transistor (FET)). Furthermore, aptamers against different target proteins of viruses were summarized. The relationships between the different biomarkers of the viruses and the detection methods, and their performances were revealed. In addition, the challenges and future directions of aptasensors were discussed. This review will provide valuable references for constructing on-site aptasensors for detecting viruses, especially the SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND:Key lncRNAs associated with the malignant progression of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were identified. METHODS:Key lncRNAs with sequential changes from normal oral mucosa (NOM) to OSF to OSCC were identified based on the GEO database. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to screen lncRNAs related to OSCC prognosis. Cox regression analysis was used to validate the independent prognostic value. qPCR was used to confirm the expression of the candidate lncRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), nucleocytoplasmic separation assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA knockdown, western blot, and cell viability assay were performed to investigate the biological functions of the candidate lncRNA. A nomogram was constructed to quantitatively predict OSCC prognosis based on TCGA. RESULTS:Bioinformatics methods indicated that LINC02147 was sequentially downregulated from NOM to OSF to OSCC, as confirmed by clinical tissues and cells. Meanwhile, low LINC02147 expression, as an independent prognostic factor, predicted a poor prognosis for OSCC. GSEA and in vitro studies suggested that low LINC02147 expression promoted OSF malignant progression by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. A LINC02147 signature-based nomogram successfully quantified each indicator's contribution to the overall survival of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS:Low LINC02147 expression promoted OSF malignant progression and predicted poor OSCC prognosis.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined as one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).Periodontitis is one of the risk factors for CAD.Material and Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were carefully and thoroughly retrieved until October 2021.On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eligible articles were selected strictly to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Using Cochran's Q statistic, Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16, data were extracted, and a comprehensive analysis was carried out.Results: Six RCTs of 619 patients were included in this study, including 360 in the intervention group (IG) and 259 in the control group (CG).Meta-analysis showed significant difference for C-reactive protein (CRP) (1.20mg/L, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.27, p < 0.00001) after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), but showed no significant difference for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1.19mg/L, 95% CI: -1.03 to 3.40, p=0.29), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (-1.64%, 95% CI: -4.95 to 1.67, p=0.33), triacylglycerol (TG) (-0.02mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.27, p=0.90), total cholesterol (TC) (0.04mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.33, p=0.90), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (0.00mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.29 to 0.29, p=0.99) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (0.11mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.40, p=0.46).Conclusions: The impact of NSPT on the reduction of CRP in patients of CAD with periodontitis is significant.NSPT can be considered as an important preventive strategy for major cardiovascular events in CAD.

The precise etiology of oral lichen planus (OLP) is still unclear, but the existing evidence suggests that drug intake, virus infection, fungal infection, psychological disorders, and immunodeficiency are closely associated with the pathogenesis of OLP. We report a case of OLP accompanied with candidiasis induced by long-term use of antimicrobials for recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) and update the literature, to discuss the possible association between OLP and misuse of antimicrobials, and to inform general dentists and pharmacists the importance for practice with optimal antimicrobial stewardship. In this case, a 42-year-old man presented to Xiangya Stomatological Hospital with white reticular patterns spreading in the oral cavity for almost 1 year. He was diagnosed with OLP via histopathological examination. He had a 5-year history of RAU which occurred every 1-2 months, and he was given antimicrobials ingested or injected whenever the ulcers came up. Satisfactory treatment results were obtained by stopping the abuse of antimicrobials and local antifungal therapy. Meanwhile, the exacerbation and alleviation of OLP was closely related to the administration of antimicrobials. Combined with literature review, antimicrobial might contribute to the development of OLP by inducing candidiasis, a common side-effect of misuse of antimicrobials. Considering the seriousness of antimicrobial resistance and opportunistic infection, dentists should prescribe antimicrobials judiciously according to guidelines and evidence-based indications. Appropriate prescribing of antimicrobials is a professional responsibility to all dentists.

Objective. The purpose of this clinical research was to evaluate the result of microinvasive surgical technology: vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in multiple gingival recession. Methods. A total of 20 patients with 25 Miller I and 30 Miller III gingival recession teeth were treated with VISTA+SCTG. The data at baseline and 12 months were assessed: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession depth (RD), gingival recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), and gingival biotype (GB), and percentage of root coverage (RC) and complete root coverage (CRC) were calculated. Results. The average root coverage was 1.52±0.70 mm in Miller I and 0.82±0.79 mm in Miller III. The mean root coverage rate was 99.00%±5.00% in Miller I and 60.73±37.90% in Miller III. The width of clinical attachment loss of keratinized tissue was significantly improved. Conclusions. VISTA and SCTG are effective in the treatment of both Miller class I and III multiple gingival recessions. Gingival increment in Miller class I is better than that in III. It is the same for maxillary and mandibular teeth.

The sodium-ion battery (SIB) has attracted ever growing attention as a promising alternative of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). Constructing appropriate anode materials is critical for speeding up the application of SIB. This review aims at guiding anode design from the material's perspective, and specifically focusing on solid solution metal chalcogenide anode. The sodium ion storage mechanisms of a solid solution metal chalcogenide anode is overviewed on basis of the elements it is composed of, and discusses how the solid solution character alters the electrochemical performances through diffusion and surface-controlled processes. In addition, by classifying solid solution metal chalcogenide as cation and anion, their recent applications are updated, and understanding the roles of guest elements in improving the electrochemical behaviors of a solid solution metal chalcogenide is carried out. After that, discussion of possible strategies to further optimize these anode materials in the future, flowing from crystal structure design to morphology control and finally to the intimacy improvement between conductive matrix and solid solution metal chalcogenide are also provided.

The removal of various contaminants from aqueous systems by adsorption has been proven to be one of the most recommended approaches for the treatment of wastewater. Many significant advantages, such as relatively low cost, good availability, ease of fabrication and high efficiency, are included in this technology. In addition, the adsorption of inorganic/organic substances from aqueous solutions is also a potential alternative for the recovery of valuable substances from wastewater. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene (Gr)- and graphene oxide (GO)-based architectures have shown many advantages, such as good selectivity and high effectiveness in the adsorption of metal ions or organic molecules, and even viruses at very low concentration levels. Adsorption by 3D Gr/GO-based architectures is a complex process, and possible mechanisms such as ion exchange, chelation, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, surface adsorption, p-pi interactions, p-p interactions, pi-pi stacking and van der Waals interactions involved in the adsorption processes have been also discussed in detail. Herein, we present a critical review for the rational selection of effective and multifunctional components, as well as the fabrication of well-designed novel 3D Gr/GO composites for selective adsorption of specific contaminants, which can provide references for researchers in related fields. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Hippo pathway plays an important role in many pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, cell migration and invasion. Because of its extensive functions, Hippo pathway is closely related to not only growth and development, but also many diseases, including inflammation and cancer. In this study, the role of Hippo pathway in craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling was reviewed, in attempting to find new research directions.