Rubber products generally need to have high resistance to abrasion, tear, and cutting. Filling short fiber with strong mechanical properties and forming a net in the rubber matrix is a good method to realize the above aims. In this article, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) short fibers with a diameter of 20 μm and a length of 2 cm were filled into natural rubber (NR) to improve the tear strength of the NR. The influence of the short fiber mass fraction and vulcanization conditions on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the milling process and vulcanization conditions are key factors in enhancing tear resistance performance. Double-roll milling and vulcanization at 143 °C for 40 min result in strong interfacial adhesion between the UHMWPE short fibers and the NR. The addition of 2 phr of UHMWPE fiber increases the tear strength of the composite material by up to 150.2% (from 17.1 kN/m to 42.8 kN/m) while also providing excellent comprehensive performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging confirmed that the UHMWPE short fibers are dispersed in the NR matrix homogeneously, and the interface is close and compact. As a control experiment, UHMWPE resin powder was directly filled into the NR, and then the composite was vulcanized using the same process as that used for the NR/UHMWPE short fiber composite. The results show that the mechanical strength of the NR/resin powder composite exhibits minor improvement compared with NR. As there is no complicated surface modification of the UHMWPE fiber, the results reported may be helpful in improving the tear resistance of the industrially prepared rubber conveyor belts.

The structural specificity and hydrological sensitivity of loess have a big impact on its strength, deformation and long-term stability and safety. This topic is being actively researched, and focuses on the macromechanical behaviour of the shear strength of loess and its micromechanisms from the perspective of bound water. In this study, based on the combined determination of isothermal adsorption and the liquid-plastic limit, bound water is analysed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the entire humidity sequence is divided in a new method. The shear strength of Malan loess measured by the direct shear test is also analysed to investigate the relationship between bound water, shear strength and basic structural units. The results show that the adsorption patterns for the Malan loess in the three regions studied are approximately the same but, at the same humidity, their maximum moisture content (W-M Gamma) was, from highest to lowest, 7.13% in Chan he, 6.54% in Yan'an and 5.54% in Hei fang tai, which is related to clay minerals and their contents in the soil. In addition, the change in strength of the loess is divided into three stages using the maximum moisture content (W-M Gamma) and plastic limit (WP) as the characteristic moisture content. The patterns of strength change for the loess in the three regions is similar throughout the moisture content sequence: all stages show a negative correlation between moisture content and shear strength but the internal mechanism of each stage is not the same due to the different connection forces between the basic structural units of the loess. The change in bound water content caused by the cementation of glue and clay particles also yields certain changes in cohesion, which is linearly fitted to the shear strength and its parameters. Finally, the bound water in the soil changes the microstructure of the soil, and determines the combination characteristics and contact mode of the 'core clothes' in the microagglomerate structure of the loess. This study describes the essence of soil-water structural interactions and provides theoretical references for applications in geotechnical engineering fields such as slope protection and road construction.

Abstract Following the stipulation to replace nondegradable plastics with biodegradable materials in China, cost-effective and water-resistant packaging materials have become increasingly necessary. In this work, lignin reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS) pieces were prepared by filling glycerol and lignin powder into starch via a melt blending process and then being pressed into thin pieces. A mechanical properties test showed that following the addition of 3 wt% lignin, the tensile strength of the TPS piece was improved to 16.15 MPa from 3.71 MPa of the original TPS piece. The porous structures of the lignin powder tie the TPS macromolecular chains, induce higher crystallization, and thus provide higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break. After sandwiching two pieces of poly (butylene adipateco-terephthalate) (PBAT)/peanut shell powder composite thin film to each side of the TPS piece, the PBAT/TPS/PBAT sandwich gains excellent water resistance properties. However, as soon as the sandwich piece is cut into smaller ones, they absorb water quickly, implying such pieces can be biodegraded rapidly. These characteristics make it especially suitable for use in the preparation of cabinet waste bags, which are generally stirred into organic fertilizer with the cabinet waste. Slow degradation may negatively affect soil health and farm production.

A thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane was fabricated through interfacial polymerization on microporous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrates, which were fabricated by bi-stretching process (longitudinal and transverse stretching). Multilayers were formed on PTFE substrate via physical twining and chemical linkage. Impacts of bi-stretching ratios on separation properties of TFC nanofiltration membrane were deeply investigated. Results indicate that the increase of longitudinal stretching ratio increased the length of fibrils and induced larger pore sizes and porosities, which resulted in lower values of rejection and higher permeate flux. However, the increase of transverse stretching ratio induced that the pore sizes declined and the porosities increased, which may be due to interlaced fibrils. Accordingly, it induced higher values of rejection and permeate flux. The obtained TFC nanofiltration membrane exhibited good acid stability (over 30 days) and high stability on long term (over 90 days). It could be potentially employed in nanofiltration process.

Objective To monitor the radiation environment around Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant.Methods By the continuous monitoring of gamma radiation dose rate and method of sample collection and analysis.Results Ten monitoring stations were set up to monitor the radiation environment,including data collection,storage,transmission and analysis module.Conclusion At present,the system is stable and reliable.

A new consolidation system for fragile ancient silk fabrics by fibroin with the support of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was developed in our group. To figure out the mechanism and the effect of EGDE in the system, aged silk fabrics treated with EGDE have been investigated in this paper. Silk fabrics were artificially aged in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to simulate fragile ancient silk fabrics. The aged silk fabrics were treated with EGDE aqueous solution by spraying. The resultant silk fabrics were systematically investigated by tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal ageing resistance test, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), solid-state 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnet resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR) and amino acid analysis (AAA), etc. Results indicate that the breaking stress and strain of the treated silk fabrics increase more than four and two times, respectively. The maximum decomposition temperature of the treated silk fabrics is much higher than that of the aged silk fabrics. The treated silk fabrics exhibit a better thermal ageing resistance than the aged silk fabrics. Chemical interactions occurred between EGDE and silk fibroin molecules in silk fabrics. This work provides useful information for the protection of historic silk fabrics.

The article is the first one that applies the Grubbs method dynamically to the mobile vehicle-based online radiation monitor system.The comparative analysis result shows that the dynamic application of the Grubbs method has improved the quality of the monitor data for the radiation detector in regard of a small sensitivity volume.It has significantly reduced the cost of system construction.

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was utilized to extract tea saponin from oil-tea camellia seed cake. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency were studied, including the effects of microwave power, irradiation duration, temperature, ratio of solvent to material and aqueous ethanol concentration. By systematic orthogonal experiments, the optimal extraction technology was determined. Compared with a conventional extraction method, MAE shows great advantages with the extraction time reduced from 6 h to 4 min, 50 % organic solvent saved and about 14 % extraction yield enhanced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy testing and high performance liquid chromatography analysis proved that the extracted resultants were tea saponin with similar compounds as a standard tea saponin. The extracted tea saponin was applied on the cleaning of historic silks and showed good removal effect on the stains. This work provides useful information for fully use of oil-tea camellia seed cake and new applications of tea saponin at the protection of historic textiles.

Foam separation method was utilized to purify crude tea saponin. The factors influencing the purification were studied, including the effects of original concentration, airflow rate and loading liquid volume. By systematic experiments, the optimal purification technology was determined. Foam separation method showed great advantages such as: low solvent and energy consumption, convenience, environmental friendliness. This work provides useful information for tea saponin purification development.

Humidity control paper board comprising natural polymer derivatives, porous natural minerals, inorganic salts, natural moisturizing material and paper was prepared by simple physical blending and its humidity control properties were tested. The moisture adsorption and desorption rate are 0.82 g/7h.g-1 and 0.71 g/7h.g-1, respectively. The adsorbed moisture amount is 0.85 g/g. It can maintain the relative humidity (RH) range between 50% and 60% within 20 min at 25 °C. Above all, the prepared paper board shows pronounced humidity control properties and the preparation technology is simple, which is feasible for production in large scale.

By using the method of alkaline solution absorption,the activity concentrations of Carbon14 as well as its variation tendency in air and biological samples were analyzed.The air samples and biological samples were collected around the Qinshan nuclear power plant base(Qinshan NPP Base) in 2002 to 2009 and 2007 to 2009 respectively.The results showed that,since 2002,the annual average activity concentrations of Carbon-14 in air samples were in the range of 38.3 mBq/m3 to 55.4 mBq/m3.Although the monitoring results of Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village were comparatively higher than the reference site in Hangzhou City,the results were still at the same level.Meanwhile,monitoring results of Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village in the summer of 2004 and 2005 are relatively high,with the peak value of 55.4 mBq/m3 appeared in Xiajiawan village during the summer of 2005.Correspondingly the annual airborne Carbon-14 of 2004 and 2005 discharged from the Qinshan NPP 3rd Phase were higher than normal as well,it can therefore be concluded that the activity concentration of Carbon-14 around the Qinshan NPP Base are related to the discharged source term.The activity concentration of Carbon-14 in rice and leaf vegetable samples from Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village were slightly higher,but within the same level,than that of Hangzhou.The activity concentration of Carbon-14 in the mullet samples collected from the sea area around Qinshan NPP Base are approximately the same with the sea area of Zhoushan.

In this paper,the self-similar traffic generated by multiplexing the ON/OFF points which meet the Pareto heavy-tail distribution is discussed.The corresponding theory of the method above is introduced and then the research method on the rela- tionship of the number of the points and the precision of the self-similar traffic model is given.Simulation results show that the relative average error of the Hurst parameter in the self-similar model is 6.8% when H=0.6 and 5.0% when H=0.9 in the case that the number of ON/OFF points is 44.While corresponding data change to 1.25% when H=0.6 and 0.85% when H=0.9 respec- tively in the case that the number of ON/OFF points reach to 132.

Songs are classified by the principle of fuzzy clustering algorithm, the similar favorite songs are recommended intelligently for users. The main way is, determining clustering algorithm object's properties indicators first and then attribute indicators are based on data model and data matrix difference analysis to calculate the distance between objects. After variance analysis, the analogous matrix will be transformed into dynamic fuzzy similar matrix and dynamic clustering map, finally according to the dynamic clustering map, take the similar songs in the middle of the cluster, realize the song dynamic classification better, and change the traditional model that the similar web sites recommend songs for users by a list.

Existing laser graphics display system was too monotonous,the graphics were not flexible,and it could not be reflected in the laser display function.Laser multi-channel graphics system based on a computer-controlled application was proposed.The system was completed with oscillating mirror,rotating mirror and stepping mirror coordination by light splitting.Three different modes of motor function were better displayed.The issue of Motor response to the distortion had been resolved in the light splitting system,so the Laser graphics display had been enriched and improved.The experiments on the improved laser graphical display system demonstrated that this multi-channel laser graphics display system is easier to use and the image quality and content are improved.

We applied the logistic regression model to filter Chinese spam email,described the key approaches of our spam filter,and conduct experiments on SEWM2007 spam corpus.Additionally,we analyzed factors influencing the ham misclassification rate(ham%),the spam misclassification rate(spam%)and the accuracy of our filter.Compared with SVM,our filter is better in terms of receiver operating characteristics(ROC)and efficiency.

With the introduction of the Service Oriented Architecture(SOA),the integration and development speed of software systems will become quicker and quicker.But the security mechanism of software systems has to be rebuilt when they are developed.Moreover,security mechanism becomes more complex when the number of software systems increases rapidly.A Business Process Execution Language(BPEL)-based method for general security control module design was proposed,which reduced the development and management work.The operation mechanism of right module was exemplified by the account integration of Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) in manufacturing with e-business system.

There are a lot of working modes to DC motors,but it is a complex and useful subject that how to design graph display appa- ratus using DC motors availability.A new laser display system of three DC motors controlled by computer is introduced.There are three types motors with reversible motor and servo motor and reactivity motor.Three working that oscillating and rotating and step run together based on computer controlling is designed,the principles of hardware and software for laser graph displaying with DC motors controlled by computer are analyzed,and the graph's geometry transformation method and its operating processes are given.Finally,some satisfying re- sults are shown.