An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and non-motile actinobacterial strain, designated SALV-R1T, was isolated from flower of Salvia splendens in Muan, Republic of Korea. Growth was observed at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) with up to 3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). blast analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the highest sequence similarity of strain SALV-R1T to Herbiconiux oxytropis CPCC 203406T (98.76%) followed by Herbiconiux flava VKM Ac-2058 (98.69%) and 'Herbiconiux gentiana' CPCC 205716T (98.69%). According to the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic tree, strain SALV-R1T formed a clade with H. flava NBRC 164003T and 'H. gentiana' CPCC 205716T, which subsequently clustered with H. oxytropis CPCC 203406T. Strain SALV-R1T was closely related to Herbiconiux moechotypicola KCTC 19653T as well as H. flava NBRC 164003T and 'H. gentiana' CPCC 205716T based on phylogenomic tree. OrthoANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain SALV-R1T with the closely related strains were lower than 81.2 and 24.8%, respectively. The major respiratory menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-10. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycolipid. The major fatty acids (>10%) of strain SALV-R1T were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained cross-linked l-diaminobutyric acid (type B2γ). The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data obtained in this study showed that strain SALV-R1T represents a novel species of the genus Herbiconiux, for which the name Herbiconiux salviae sp. nov. (type strain SALV-R1T=KACC 21604T=NBRC 116987T) is proposed.

Two bacterial strains, designated M3-11T and M6-14T, were isolated from paddy field soils in the Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-flagellated but motile. The strains exhibited optimal growth at 28 °C and pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains M3-11T and M6-14T were placed within the genus Flavobacterium, showing the highest similarity to Flavobacterium zhairuonense A5.7T (97.98%) and Flavobacterium nitrogenifigens NXU-44T (98.23 %), respectively. The genomic similarity between two strains and their closely related strains was 39.3 and 51.1 % for digital DNA-DNA hybridization and 90.0 and 93.2 % for orthologous average nucleotide identity, both of which were lower than the thresholds recommended for species delineation. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and aminolipid. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data obtained in this study showed that strains M3-11T and M6-14T represent novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium oryzagri sp. nov. (type strain M3-11T=KACC 22761T=JCM 35942T) and Flavobacterium oryzicola sp. nov. (type strain M6-14T=KACC 22763T=JCM 35943T) are proposed.

Karst spring water in Korea is widely consumed untreated, yet its microbiological safety remains unexamined in bat-inhabited limestone cave regions. We developed MST-Pipeline, an open-source platform automating the complete microbial source tracking (MST) workflow from raw 16S rRNA amplicon data to source attribution, featuring automated V4 sub-region extraction for cross-region harmonization. Validation with fecal spike-in experiments confirmed dose-dependent source attribution, and PacBio long-read analysis demonstrated cross-platform compatibility. Application to the Mungyeong karst region (28 amplicon and 9 shotgun metagenomic samples) identified bat guano as the highest-contributing fecal source among the nine host groups tested in cave and stream water, with contributions higher in August (4.76%) than July (1.31%), coinciding with increased summer bat activity and antecedent rainfall. The downstream residential site showed distinct human and pig fecal signatures. Shotgun metagenomics revealed that guano harbors a wildlife-derived antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) reservoir dominated by multidrug efflux systems, while the downstream residential site carries anthropogenic ARG signatures including sul1-qacEΔ1 integron cassettes at 4-fold higher abundance. Genome-resolved analysis identified contigs co-carrying ARGs and virulence factors corresponding to multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Shigella dysenteriae. These findings demonstrate that karst spring water perceived as clean is contaminated with antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria from bat guano, compounded by anthropogenic inputs downstream.

We report the whole genome sequence of two species. Both strains were isolated from the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and are expected to contribute to the understanding of microbial diversity in the environment and the discovery of useful microbial resources.

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains designated GGG-R5T and M4-18T were isolated from flowers of golden wave (Coreopsis grandiflora) and rice paddy soil, respectively in the Republic of Korea. Both strains were pigmented and produced flexirubin-type pigments. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence, both strains were placed within the genus Mucilaginibacter with M. agri R11T and M. jinjuensis YC7004T both being the closest relatives to GGG-R5T (97.7%) and in case of M4-18T, M. ginsenosidivorax KHI28T (98.5%) was the nearest neighbor. Characteristic to genus Mucilaginibacter, the major cellular fatty acids in both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c); menaquinone-7 was the major menaquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid observed. Comparison of genome sequences with the other members of Mucilaginibacter indicated orthologous average nucleotide identity (orthoANI) at 73.3-73.5% for GGG-R5T and 78.9-88.5% for M4-18T. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values ranged at 19.1-19.7% between GGG-R5T and its neighbor species. In case of M4-18T, the observed range was at 21.9-36.6%. Considering the 16S rRNA similarity, orthoANI and dDDH values as well as comparison of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that both strains belonged to genus Mucilaginibacter but were distinctly distinguishable from previously described species. The strains GGG-R5T and M4-18T, therefore represent distinct novel species for which names Mucilaginibacter florum GGG-R5T and Mucilaginibacter oryzagri M4-18T are proposed. The type strains are GGG-R5T (= KACC 22063T = JCM 36590T) and M4-18T (= KACC 22773T = JCM 35894T).

We report the whole genome sequences of Paenibacillus kyungheensis KACC 18744T, Sphingomonas naphthae KACC 18716T, and Novosphingobium humi KACC 19094T, to investigate the genomic diversity of bacterial type strains distributed in Korea.

ABSTRACT We report the whole genome sequences of Paenibacillus kyungheensis KACC 18744 T , Sphingomonas naphthae KACC 18716 T , and Novosphingobium humi KACC 19094 T , to investigate the genomic diversity of bacterial type strains distributed in Korea.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated H17E-10T, was isolated from the endosphere of garlic (Allium sativum) in Jeju, Korea. Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), with up to 6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). blast analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the highest sequence similarity of strain H17E-10T with Agromyces soli MJ21T (98.6%), followed by Agromyces mediolanus DSM 20152T (98.5%) and Agromyces indicus NIO-1018T (98.1%). According to phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain H17E-10T formed a cluster with A. soli MJ21T, A. mediolanus DSM 20152T and A. indicus NIO-1018T. In contrast, the phylogenomic tree exhibited close relatedness between strain H17E-10T and Agromyces chromiiresistens H3Y2-19aT, which supported by the highest Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity (OrthoANI; 87.7%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (32.7%) values with each other. The major menaquinone (MK) and polar lipids of strain H17E-10T were MK-13 and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids, respectively, with the presence of B-type peptidoglycan. The major fatty acids (>10%) of strain H17E-10T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data obtained in this study showed that strain H17E-10T represents a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces endophyticus sp. nov. (type strain H17E-10T=KACC 21836T=NBRC 115478T) is proposed.

Sihyun An, Gyeongjun Cho, Jae-Hyung Ahn, Hang-Yeon Weon, Dayeon Kim, Young-Joon Ko, Jehyeong Yeon, Joon-hui Chung, Han Suk Choi, and Jun Heo. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett. 2024;52:102-4. https://doi.org/10.48022/mbl.2401.01002

Strain CJN36-1NT, a Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated, strictly aerobic and short rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from flowerpot soil sampled in the Jeonju region of the Republic of Korea. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. Strain CJN36-1NT contained a chromosome of 3.6 Mbp with a G+C content of 68.5 mol%. The strain grew at 10–37 °C (optimally at 28 °C), at pH 5.0–8.0 (optimally at pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0–7 % NaCl (w/v; optimally with 0 % NaCl). Digital DNA–DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strain CJN36-1NT and its closest related species, Microbacterium protaetiae DFW100M-13T, were 82.0, 81.2, and 23.2 %, respectively. We propose naming this novel species Microbacterium horticulturae sp. nov., with CJN36-1NT (=KACC 23027T=NBRC 116065T) as the type strain.

We report the whole genome sequence of Microbacterium rhizosphaerae KACC 19337T. The genome consists of a 4.05-Mb circular chromosome, with a G + C content of 69.7 %, and 3,627 total coding genes predicted.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative and short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated M6-31(T), was isolated from rice paddy soil sampled in Miryang, Republic of Korea. Growth was observed at 4-35 degrees C (optimum, 28 degrees C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 % w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped strain M6-31(T) with Sphingobacterium bambusae IBFC2009(T), Sphingobacterium griseoflavum SCU-B140(T) and Sphingobacterium solani MLS-26-JM13-11(T) in the same clade, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranging from 95.8 to 96.6 %. A genome-based phylogenetic tree reconstructed by using all publicly available Sphingobacterium genomes placed strain M6-31(T) with S. bambusae KACC 22910(T), 'Sphingobacterium deserti' ACCC 05744(T), S. griseoflavum CGMCC 1.12966(T) and Sphingobacterium paludis CGMCC 1.12801(T). Orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain M6-31(T) and its closely related strains were lower than 74.6 and 22.0 %, respectively. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C-15 : 0 iso, C-17 : 0 iso 3OH and summed feature 3. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data obtained in this study showed that strain M6-31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium oryzagri sp. nov. (type strain M6-31(T)=KACC 22765(T)=JCM 35893(T)) is proposed.

Strain BSF-3MT is a Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated, facultative anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from fermented feed collected at a cattle farm in the Daejeon region of the Republic of Korea. It was studied using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strain was primarily identified as a member of the genus Lacticaseibacillus. Strain BSF-3MT contained a chromosome of 2.5 Mbp and a plasmid of 33.4 kbp. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 51.3 mol%. Strain BSF-3MT had the highest ortho-average nucleotide identity value of 73.7 % with Lacticaseibacillus songhuajiangensis 7-19T, its closest relative in the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenomic tree based on up-to-date bacterial core genes. Based on the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain BSF-3MT represents a novel species in the genus Lacticaseibacillus, for which the name Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BSF-3MT (=KACC 23028T=NBRC 116014T).

ABSTRACT We report the whole genome sequence of Sphingobacterium bambusae KACC 22910 T . The complete genome consists of a 5.6 Mb circular chromosome with a G + C content of 44.4 % and 4,526 predicted coding genes.

We report the whole genome sequence of Sphingobacterium bambusae KACC 22910T. The complete genome consists of a 5.6 Mb circular chromosome with a G + C content of 44.4 % and 4,526 predicted coding genes.

A novel actinobacterium strain, designated CFWR-12T, was isolated from the larval gut of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis grown at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was evaluated. Strain CFWR-12T was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and non-motile. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Strain CFWR-12T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Agromyces intestinalis KACC 19306T (99.0 %) and Agromyces protaetiae FW100M-8T (97.9 %). The genome sequence of strain CFWR-12T was 4.01 Mb in size with a high G+C content of 71.2 mol%. The values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain CFWR-12T and A. intestinalis KACC 19306T were 89.8 and 39.1 %, respectively, which were the highest among the closely related Agromyces species. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, and the major respiratory quinones (>10 %) were MK-11 and MK-12. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid while the peptidoglycan type was identified to be B1. Data based on chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, phenotypic and genomic evidence demonstrated that strain CFWR-12T represents a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces larvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain CFWR-12T (=KACC 19307T= NBRC 113047T).

As part of a genome database construction of type strains, we report the draft genome sequences of three strains of acetic acid bacteria, i.e., Acetobacter farinalis KACC 21251T, Acetobacter suratthaniensis KACC 21252T, and Acetobacter thailandicus KACC 21253T.

We report the whole-genome sequence of Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis type strain KACC 16571, which was isolated from rotten wood in South Korea. The genome of Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis KACC 16571T consists of a 6.16-Mb circular chromosome, with a G+C content of 42.1% and 5,262 total predicted coding genes.

Five Hymenobacter strains isolated from air samples collected from the Suwon and Jeju regions of the Republic of Korea were studied using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strains were primarily identified as members of the genus Hymenobacter. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities values for species delineation (70 and 95-96 %, respectively) between the five strains and their nearest type strains indicated that each strain represented a novel species. All strains were aerobic, Gram- stain- negative, mesophilic, rod- shaped and catalase- and oxidase- positive, with red to pink coloured colonies. The genome sizes of the five strains varied from 4.8 to 7.1 Mb and their G+C contents were between 54.1 and 59.4 mol%. Based on their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, we propose to classify these isolates into five novel species within the genus Hymenobacter for which we propose the names, Hymenobacter cellulosilyticus sp. nov., Hymenobacter cellulosivorans sp. nov., Hymenobacter aerilatus sp. nov., Hymenobacter sublimis sp. nov. and Hymenobacter volaticus sp. nov., with strains 5116 S - 3T (=KACC 21925T=JCM 35216T), 5116 S -27T (=KACC 21926T=JCM 35217T), 5413 J -13T (=KACC 21928T=JCM 35219T), 5516 S -25T (=KACC 21931T=JCM 35222T) and 5420 S -77T (=KACC 21932T=JCM 35223T) as the type strains, respectively.

A bacterial strain designated SC2-9T was isolated from the dust collector of a pigpen located in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, flagellated and rod-shaped. The strain was catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grew optimally 28-30 °C, pH 8.0 and 0 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 99.1 and 98.3 % similarities to Melaminivora jejuensis KBB12T and Melaminivora alkalimesophila CY1T, and revealing less than 97 % similarity to other validly named species. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SC2-9T was 68.2 %. The orthologous average nucleotide identity and dDDH values of strain SC2-9T with the closest species Melaminivora jejuensis KCTC 32230T were 85.6 and 29.3 %, respectively. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω6c and/ or C18 : 1  ω7c). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain SC2-9T should be assigned as a novel species of the genus Melaminivora, for which the name Melaminivora suipulveris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC2-9T (=KACC 19310T=NBRC 113103T).