Nickel-element-doped zinc cobaltate/carbon fiber composites (Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF) were prepared on carbon cloth (made of a combination of carbon fibers) conductive substrates using a simple ambient stirring method combined with heat treatment. Characterization tests of the materials revealed that the prepared products were porous Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF mesh structures. This porous network structure increases the surface area of the material and helps shorten the diffusion path of ions and electrons. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods to investigate the effect of Ni elemental doping on the stability of the materials. The results show that there are no other impurity peaks and no other impurity elements in the Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF electrode material, which indicates that the sample purity is high. Meanwhile, the electrochemical properties of Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF electrode materials were studied. Under the condition of 15 A·g−1, the specific capacitance of Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF electrode material is 1470 F·g−1, and after 100 cycles, its specific capacity reaches 1456 F·g−1, which is 99.0% of the specific capacity of 1470 F·g−1, indicating that the electrode material has good stability. In addition, we assembled asymmetric supercapacitors (Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF//CNTs) with Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF as the positive material and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the negative material. In the cyclic stability experiment of Ni-ZnCo2O4/CF/CNTs devices, when the current density was 1 A·g−1, the specific capacitance was 182 F·g−1. After 10,000 cyclic charge–discharge tests, the specific capacity became 167 F·g−1, which was basically unchanged compared with the initial specific capacity, reaching 91.8%. It shows that it has higher charge–discharge performance and higher cycle stability.

A three-dimensional model of cephalosporin powder particles was constructed, and the interaction between the particles and the surface of the transport tool was simulated. In this paper, the microstructure of the tool surface was prepared by femtosecond laser technology and the effect of different tilt angles on the particle transport characteristics was investigated. The experiments show that the interaction force between the particles and the surface of the transport tool increases with increasing particle size, and the rate of change is 0.00854 μN/μm. The resistance required for particle shedding decreases and then increases as the angle of inclination of the machine increases. At a tilt angle of 30°, the interaction force between the particles and the machine is minimal. At less than 30°, the rate of change of resistance reduction is − 0.06021 μN/°. Above 30°, the rate of change of resistance increase is 0.0414 μN/°. The shedding rate of powder particles was higher on the transversely and longitudinally etched tool surfaces than on the unetched surfaces. This work demonstrates that femtosecond laser microstructures on metal tool surfaces can effectively prevent powder deposition on the tool surface. It provides an experimental basis for improving the metrology accuracy of ultrafine powder materials.

In this paper, WO3 nanowires were successfully synthesized via a one-step water bath method at an appropriate temperature. The XRD (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer), SEM (Scanning electron microscope), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and other characterization methods proved that the synthesized product was WO3, and the product of water bath reaction for 9 h showed the nanowires’ structure. The nanowires were evenly distributed, and the length ranged from 2 μm to 4 μm. The results showed that the nanowires had excellent light transmittance (66%), a very short response time (1.2 s, 2 s) and excellent color rendering efficiency (115.2 cm2 C−1) at 650 nm. The electrochemical performance test showed that the specific capacity of the WO3 nanowires was up to 565 F/g at 1 A/g. Change the different current densities and cycle 100 times, then return to the initial current density, accounting for 99% of the initial specific capacity of 565 F/g. We used this method for the first time to prepare tungsten oxide nanowires and investigated the bifunctional properties of the material, namely the electrochromic and capacitive properties. All of these data indicate that WO3 nanorods have excellent electrochromic and electrochromic properties and have potential market prospects in the fields of electrochromic glass, variable glasses, advertising, and supercapacitors.

The nonlinear optical properties and ultrafast dynamics process of Au@Ag coreshell nanospheres (NSs) are reported in this paper. We researched the optical nonlinear absorption property of Au@Ag coreshell NSs excited by 800 nm laser at different energies by open-aperture Z-scan technology. The experimental results demonstrated that the Au@Ag coreshell NSs exhibited two-phone absorption (TPA) behavior, the degree of which was intensity-dependent. The TPA coefficients of Au@Ag coreshell NSs excited by different energies were obtained by fitting. By using pump-probe technology, we studied the ultrafast dynamics process of Au@Ag coreshell NSs. The results indicated that the relaxation process contained a fast and a slow process, which depended strongly on the laser intensity. By numerical fitting, we got the relaxation times of the sample excited at different laser powers.

探究金纳米粒子局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR,Localized surface plasmon reso-nance)现象的规律,为以后依附于LSPR生物传感器的研制提供理论参考数据.基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)对金纳米粒子进行消光特性仿真分析.此项目对于系统研究纳米量级结构和引起光学性子变化的局部环境因素,以及预测的结构变化等起到了十分重要的作用,通过实验,若纳米结构的光学性质可调试,则可以在后续应用于许多领域.

The nonlinear optical absorption properties of Au-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were studied using an open-aperture Z-scan under a nanosecond pulsed laser with wavelengths of 450 nm, 510 nm, 550 nm, and 600 nm. The experimental results demonstrated that, when the laser intensity was 1.04 × 1013 W/m2, the Au-Ag NPs showed saturated absorption (SA). When the laser intensity was increased to 3.03 × 1013 W/m2, the switch from SA to reverse saturation absorption (RSA) occurred. The nonlinear absorption and its transformation were analyzed by using local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, bleaching of ground state plasmon, and free carrier absorption theory.

We propose and demonstrate a tunable dual-band mid-infrared absorber structure based on the coupling effect of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and Tamm phonon-polariton (TPhP). The structure is composed of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), air layer, SiC and graphene ribbons. In the air layer, the graphene ribbons are embedded to realize the localized SPP (LSPP), which makes the structure support both the graphene LSPP (GLSPP) and TPhP. The absorption properties of the structure are investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found that strong coupling of the GLSPP and TPhP can be realized by choosing reasonable parameters, which causes a dual-frequency perfect absorption and makes the maximum Rabi splitting of the coupled mode reach 5.76 meV. Furthermore, the mode coupling and absorption intensity can be tuned by adjusting the thickness of the air layer and the Fermi level of the graphene ribbons. This work might provide new possibilities for the development of mid-infrared band sensors, filters and emitters based on the coupling of multiple modes.

Resonant nonlinear optical absorption of silver nanoparticles was studied experimentally via open aperture Z-scan using 130 fs, 400 nm laser pulses. Experimental results show that, at low laser intensity, silver nanoparticles can exhibit saturated absorption. While at high laser intensity, it shows reverse saturated absorption. The saturable absorption is explained in terms of ground state plasmon bleaching, while the reverse saturable absorption is believed to be from two-photon absorption. Saturable optical intensity and two-photon absorption coefficient were obtained to be 1.3×1010 W/m2 and 3.3×10−10 m/W, respectively. The energy relaxation process of Ag nanoparticles after laser excitation was studied via pump-probe technique at 400 nm. Experimental results demonstrated that energy relaxation included electron-phonon coupling process with time constant τ1=(713±50) fs, and phonon-phonon coupling process with time constant τ2=(25.2±3) ps, respectively.

This paper aims to study the nonlinear absorption characteristics of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) at off-resonant wavelengths. For this purpose, multi-wavelength (500–650 nm) nanosecond Z-scan technique was used. The experimental results indicate that saturated absorption (SA) and the transition from SA to reverse saturated absorption (RSA) can occur, and depends on the excitation wavelength and energy. When the excitation wavelength is constant, with the increase of excitation energy, PdNPs change from SA to RSA. When the excitation energy is constant, with the excitation wavelength approaching surface plasmon resonance (SPR), PdNPs change from SA to RSA. This phenomenon of SA and RSA under multi-wavelength excitation in the off-resonant region provides a supplement for the systematic study of the nonlinear absorption of PdNPs.

Pump fluence and probe wavelength-dependent ultrafast carrier dynamics and optical nonlinear absorption in black phosphorus nanosheets are investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and open-aperture Z scan techniques. The decay time becomes longer with larger wavelengths under pump wavelengths of both 400 nm and 800 nm excitation. For 800 nm excitation, pump fluence-dependent lifetime shows complex behaviors, which might be due to the competition between the linear absorption and two photon absorption. For 400 nm excitation, an additional decaying channel is observed at a larger pump fluence, which is explained by an effective subband structure. In open-aperture Z scan measurements, strong saturation absorption is observed in the visible region over a broad band from 450 nm to 700 nm. The saturation intensity shows an increasing trend with increase in the wavelength. Also, the saturation intensities under different pulse widths and solvents are discussed in detail. Our results show that black phosphorus nanosheets have great potential in future ultrathin optoelectronic devices.

In order to study the extinction characteristics of gold-silver nanoshuttles, finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was used to simulate the models of gold-silver nanoshuttles with different diameter-length ratios, diameters and cone angles. The simulation results show that with the increase of aspect ratio, the longitudinal absorption peak of the gold-silver nanoshuttles shifts red, while its transverse absorption peak does not change significantly; the longitudinal absorption peak also shifts red with the increase of the length of the central nanorod; and the transverse absorption peak of the gold-silver nanoshuttles shifts blue with the increase of the angle of cone.

Nonlinear optical absorption of Au-Ag nanoshuttles (NSs) was studied using an open-aperture Z-scan experiment with a 532 nm nanosecond laser at different energies. It was found that, when the laser energy is relatively low, the Au-Ag NSs exhibit saturated absorption (SA). When the laser energy is high, a conversion from SA to reverse saturated absorption (RSA) occurs. The ultrafast dynamic process of Au-Ag NSs was also investigated by using a femtosecond pump-probe technique. It is found that the process contains a fast and slow decay component that depends strongly on the laser intensity. Furthermore, when the probe wavelength is far away from the plasma resonance peak, the decay shows modulation due to the vibration mode of the coherent excitation.

This paper aims to achieve broad-spectrum tuning of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with palladium nanorods. For this purpose, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was selected to simulate the optical properties of palladium nanorods. Specifically, we investigated the effects of radius, axial length, and aspect ratio of palladium nanorods on the SPR, the impacts of axial length on SPR of palladium and gold nanorods of the same size, and the influence of radius on palladium nanospheres and nanorods of the same axial length. The absorption spectra of palladium nanorods in different sizes were also analyzed. The results show that the longitudinal absorption peak of palladium nanorods can be used to tune the SPR from the visible region to the infrared region; palladium nanorods are more suitable for broad-spectrum tuning of the SPR than gold nanorods; palladium nanorods are more effective for broad-spectrum SPR tuning than palladium nanospheres; changing the size of palladium nanorods can effectively tune the SPR across a broad spectrum. The research findings shed important new light on the design of surface plasmon scales, filters, biosensors, etc.

The energy relaxation dynamics process of Pt nanoparticles with a diameter of 25 nm after a 400-nm femtosecond laser excitation was investigated using pump-probe technology with 130 fs laser pulse. Experimental results show that the process includes a fast decay with time constant of 850 fs and a slow decay with time constant of 9 ps. Theoretical discussion indicates that the former results from electron-phonon coupling process, while the latter is from phonon-phonon coupling process.

Ag纳米粒子在紫外可见光波段展现出很强的光谱吸收,具有独特的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的特性.局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的这种敏感特性与银纳米颗粒的形状﹑尺寸﹑排列方式等密切相关,所以本文采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)这种时域技术就银纳米粒子的排列方式不同(不同周期)的情况下的消光光谱及表面电场分布进行仿真实验,结果表明,随着纳米银球间距L的减小,消光因子Qext和吸收因子Qabs的峰值波长发生了红移现象,同时峰值强度明显增大,且当L=R时峰值变化最剧烈.散射因子Qsca随着间距的增大而峰值强度发生明显降低.