对氯苯甲醛是一种广泛用于医药、农药和染料的精细化工中间体,发展其绿色合成工艺极具挑战性和重大意义.本文较为系统地综述了催化氧化对氯甲苯为对氯苯甲醛的制备方法,重点阐述了H2O2氧化法、空气/氧气氧化法、电解氧化法和仿生催化氧化法的工艺条件,比较了间接电氧化合成方法中的各种金属媒质,讨论了各种制备方法的优缺点,分析了其相应的合成方法在工业开发上的可行性及存在的问题.此外,简要介绍了利用光催化法选择性氧化对氯甲苯合成对氯苯甲醛的方法.通过对几种合成方法的比较,指出以H2O2和分子氧为氧化剂液相催化氧化对氯甲苯来合成对氯苯甲醛是较为经济、环保的合成方法,电解氧化法和仿生催化氧化法将为对氯苯甲醛制备提供另一条新型技术途径.

Shape-selective zeolites (HZ-x/y) were synthesized by a one-pot method using TPAOH (y) and/or MeEt3N+I− (x) as templates. The use of MeEt3N+I− affects the crystal growth and the distribution of acid sites on the external surface of the zeolites. The catalysts show excellent catalytic activity towards toluene alkylation with CH3Br. With toluene conversion of 36.3% and p-xylene selectivity of 66.2%, HZ-40/0 is the most effective among the prepared catalysts, showing a p-xylene yield of 21.2%. The improved para-selectivity is mainly due to the decrease of acid sites on the external surface of the catalysts.

SAPO-34 catalysts of different crystal sizes were directly synthesized using N-octyl-D-glucamine (NODG) as additive, and characterized by XRD, SEM, TG, ICP-AES, N-2 adsorption-desorption and NH3-TPD techniques. The addition of NODG leads to decrease of crystal size and enrichment of surface acid sites. The as-synthesized zeolites show excellent catalytic activity towards the conversion of CH3Br to light olefins. The SAPO-34 catalyst with the largest amount of acid sites (2.085 mmol/g) shows the highest CH3Br conversion (89.6%), whereas that with smallest particle size shows the highest selectivity to light olefins (72.2%). We attribute the enhanced performance to the increase of acid sites and the reduction of crystal size. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Catalytic conversion of CH3Br to benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) was investigated over HZSM-5 and steam-treated HZSM-5 zeolites.

A series of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) doped with Co, V, and Ce (Me) with molar ratio Me/Mn=0.04 and 0.12 were prepared via a one-step reflux method, and were characterized by XRD, SEM, IR, BET, ICP, XPS, and TG techniques. The OMS-2 materials doped with Me having Me/Mn=x are denoted as Me-M(x). It was found that Ce mainly enters the tunnel structure of OMS-2 instead of K, Co mainly substitutes for Mn in the framework, and V is likely to substitution into both the Mn and K in the cryptomelane tunnel structure. The length of OMS-2 rods decreases with the decline of K+ mole fraction in the OMS-2 tunnels. Doping V and Ce markedly decreases the crystallization of OMS-2. Ce-M(0.12) shows a specific surface area (142m2g−1) roughly double that of OMS-2 (69m2g−1). All the Me-M(x) materials were tested as catalysts for the oxidation of p-chlorotoluene to p-chlorobenzaldehyde with molecular oxygen, and it is Ce-M(0.12) that shows the highest catalytic activity. The excellent performance is attributed to the large specific surface area and good mobility of oxygen species of the Ce-M(0.12) material.

设计基础教育的重心是能力的培养，尤其是创造能力的培养。文章提出感受力是创造力的原动力，培养创造力要从培养感受力开始。培养个体情感和感受的敏锐性及独特性是感受力培养的重要途径。文章着重分析感受力培养的重要性，探索设计基础教育的基本方向。

KOH/SnO2 solid superbases of specific morphology and uniform pore structure were synthesized. The SnO2 support was prepared by reflux digestion using graphene oxide as template and employed for the loading of KOH by means of grinding and thermal treatment. With base strength of 26.5≤H−<33.0 and superbasic sites of 1.362mmolg−1, the 20wt.%KOH/SnO2 catalyst exhibits excellent activity in Knoevenagel condensation under mild conditions. The catalytic efficiency is closely related to the base strength and the amount of superbasic sites. The findings disclose a new route for the synthesis of versatile solid superbases using SnO2 as supports.

Efficient synthesis of p-chlorobenzaldehyde by liquid-phase oxidation of p-chlorotoluene with molecular oxygen was achieved over Mn–ZSM-5 (Si/Mn = 48, Mn 1.7 wt%).

In the information society, many information products have a lot of hardware and software interface problems.Therefore, the humanization of interface design becomes increasing urgent and important. From the point of humanized design, the paper researches, analyses and summarizes the mobile phone interface design systematically in depth, and raises research methods of humanized design to satisfy users. Considering the users demand and the humanized consciousness of designers, the paper explores the user-centered idea profoundly, and combines the aesthetic feeling and the user experience to discuss the principles of the humanized design of mobile phone interface.

When basic material needs are satisfied, people pay more and more attention on their spiritual needs today. Design more and more focuses on humans’ spiritual needs too. Starting from the development trends of users’ individual needs, according analyze and summarize its characteristics of uncertainties, differences and variability, and propose new design methods to meet the individual needs of users.

Versatile solid superbases were derived from magnesium-zirconium composite oxide and KOH through thermal treatment in a N-2 flow. The magnesium-zirconium composite oxide was prepared by a modified co-precipitation technique with reflux-digestion in basic solution and then mixed with KOH through grinding. The as-prepared solid superbases were characterized by low-temperature N2 physisorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometry. The superbasic sites were characterized by the use of Hammett indicators and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption methods. We found that there are ample superbasic sites (0.590 mmol g(-1)) on the surface with strength in the 26.5 <= H- < 33.0 range. The as-prepared solid superbase catalyst was found to show excellent catalytic activity towards Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition and transesterification reactions. The findings open up a new route for the synthesis of new functional superbases using composite oxides prepared by reflux-digestion in basic solution as supports.

•Potassium-loaded MgAl oxides were synthesized by one-pot process.•The materials show superbasicity.•The materials show high catalytic activity in Knoevenagel condensation.•It opens up a new route for design of superbases using mixed oxides as supports.

国内外的舞龙赛事逐年增多,竞争日趋紧张激烈,各代表队不仅在动作技术上、内容编排上都有不同程度的创新和突破,并且对舞龙的艺术表现要求也愈来愈高.在比赛中,在保证技术水平充分发挥的情况下,谁的艺术表现力强,能与观众产生共鸣,谁便可征服裁判,获得成功.从这个角度来讲,运动员的艺术表现力的高低,决定着整个比赛的成败.因此,如何改进训练方法和手段,提高运动员的艺术表现力就显得十分重要了.本题采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、现场测试法等多种研究方法,从运动训练、舞蹈形态学、音乐基础等多种学科的角度出发,来分析影响舞龙运动员的艺术表现力提高的主要因素,探讨培养与提高的方法和手段.

团体操表演在大型运动会开幕式中,有着不可替代的作用,而且,随着团体操表演的重要性越来越凸显,因此,它也成为评价运动会开幕式表演成败的重要标志,本文以郴州市第十七届运动会开幕式团体操表演为例,运用文献资料法,专家访谈法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法,对大型团体操的创编视角、排练要点等方面进行了较为系统的研究分析,研究结果表明,大型团体操的创编视角主要有动作、队形、场景、道具、音乐、灯光等.而排练要点主要涉及演员思想的动员,质量效果的保证等方面,基于此,希望本研究能对中学生运动会开幕式的团体表演提出建议.

The common features of the traditional Chinese "Expressing Emotion by Images" and "Objective Correlative" put forward by T.S. Eliot are: expressing emotion by depiction of the objects and from objects to mind. The differences between the two approaches are: one is under the influence of multi-culture, the other is under the influence of Chinese tradition; one reflects Eilot's idea of non-personality and the other reflects poet's personality; one focuses on the diversity in selecting images, the other focuses on the single variety of elegance or beauty; one emphasizes the multi-understanding and the other emphasizes the solo-understanding by highlighting the poet's idea.

中国画追求意象表现,写意画如此,工笔画依然;本文就工笔人物画发展过程中意象表现的不同形态展开分析,从早期的顾恺之到后来的陈老莲,通过对他们的作品分析指出中国传统工笔人物画的意象发展过程是:从客体出发的意象表现到主体意识的自觉的过程,在这个过程中画家自我的主体意识逐渐地在得到突出和表现.

Translatology is not yet a discipline universally acknowledged in the world of translators and translation theorists. This paper, defining the conceptions of science and translatology, and taking the history of the western translatology as the frame of reference, argues that a breakthrough in methodology is of essential importance to the establishment and acknowledgement of translatology. And unity of criticality and constructivism, of individuality and holistic approach, of positivism and hermeneutic theory in the methodology, will well promote the establishment and acknowledgement proposed above.

There exists abundant modality in the English language. Modality is normally analyzed according to the distinction between its subjectivity and objectivity. This paper argues that this distinction is only vaguely understood, and proposes four types of evidence of choosing modality in English text: sensory inference, factual inference, theoretical inference and pragmatic inference.

老子所著的<道德经>思想深邃、涉及深远,挖掘<道德经>中所蕴涵的心理学思想,对现代社会人们的心理健康教育,尤其是人性教育、情感教育、人际交往教育以及诚信教育等方面有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义.

There exists extensively the phenomenon of vocabulary vacancy between source language and target language. This paper argues that differences between people's practice and circumstances result in vocabulary vacancy in different languages. The vacancy in vocabulary mainly exists in its referential and pragmatic connotation.