In times of social change, science has a special responsibility to provide evidence-based results to foster the generation of solutions for the pressing challenges of today, such as climate change or digitalization. To spread knowledge on scientific findings, science communication is inevitable. It intensifies the dialog with the public, objectifies current debates, and provides information about the challenges and opportunities of new scientific developments. For more than 20 years, research has been ongoing worldwide on the safety and risks of nanomaterials. In this paper, the authors describe their experiences with science communication, using the knowledge database www.nanoobjects.info as an example. Already in 2009, the online knowledge base www.nanoobjects.info was established to share scientific results on the safety of nanomaterials with the public in a value-neutral manner. In 2020, advanced materials were added to this information platform to provide understanding and awareness of toxicological data on these materials as early as possible. These knowledge base materials are currently providing safety-relevant information on 30 advanced materials, including nanomaterials, with regards to human health and environmental impact.

In this perspective, the authors give their view on the developments and experiences on communicating on (nano)materials safety. We would like to share our experiences with the scientific community in order to make them useful for future communication activities. We present the long-term work of the science communication projects DaNa, DaNa2.0 and DaNa4.0, running from 2009 to 2023. Starting in the early 2000s with the beginnings of nanotechnology research, communication on the safety of nanomaterials with the public was still very new and faced the projects with many challenges. Today, science communication is indispensable for the dissemination of scientific findings and a fact-based approach like the DaNa “Knowledge Base Materials” creates a trustworthy dialogue with the public. This long-term project series has made a significant contribution to communication on the safety of nanomaterials, perhaps even the largest among publicly funded project series worldwide.

The rapid development of nanotechnology-based products and applications over the last three decades has influenced numerous scientific fields and industry sectors ranging from medical applications, food and consumer care up to the semiconductor and the energy sector. The complexity and multidisciplinary needed to approach the topic of sustainability in nanomanufacturing requires a wide range of expertise from materials' toxicology, risk assessment, life cycle assessment, circular economy and ethics in nanotechnology. Moreover, professionals working in sustainable nanofabrication require adequate infrastructures, skills, equipment, characterization and metrology that permit them to perform their activities to develop their technologies or products at best. Scattered information, lack of connection across the different communities or the difficulty of getting the right information about a related specific theme are just some of the issues that often prevent products from reaching the market. The EU H2020 project NanoFabNet is addressing these issues by setting up a self-sustaining one-stop-shop for all matters and concerns pertaining to sustainable nanofabrication. In this paper, the authors describe the development of the NanoFabNet database as part of the digital platform designed to collect, store, expert-curate and provide access to all matters pertaining to sustainable nanofabrication.

Transparent and reliable communication of the safety of advanced and nanomaterials is an issue that has become increasingly important in recent times. The German initiative DaNa got involved in this topic at an early stage. It is running the Knowledge Base Materials, a web-based information platform on nanomaterials ( www.nanoobjects.info ) for more than 10 years, which is constantly being expanded. Recently, due to emerging developments in materials science, the focus has been expanded from nanomaterials to the variant-rich group of advanced materials, softening the restriction to particles below the 100 m size limit in one dimension to include larger particles with more complex composition. For the Knowledge Base Materials, this broader scope presents a challenge for science communication. In this paper, the authors describe the selection of materials, the workflow, and the quality control that was performed to provide reliable knowledge about the safety of advanced materials to humans and the environment.

Introduction After more than 10 years of communicating the risks of nanomaterials in the previous projects DaNa and DaNa2.0, we generally revamped our website www.nanoobjects.info and took the nano experience to expand the portfolio to advanced materials in DaNa4.0. Results Advanced materials represent a group of various smart, innovative materials with new functions and effects. These include materials such as carbon fibres, aerogels and also nanomaterials. They are already used today in a variety of applications such as lightweight plastics with fibre reinforcement or hybrid materials used in 3D printing. Our knowledge base currently contains verified information on more than 26 materials and more than 70 applications. With the help of our literature criteria, we are now evaluating scientific literature on human and eco toxicology of advanced materials and describe the findin gs in a generally understandable way: from a possible exposure to humans, the uptake into the body, to the effect on humans, and from the release of these materials into the environment, their uptake and effect in environmental organisms to the distribution in the environment. We also provide information on the behaviour of advanced materials at the external and internal body barriers of humans. The enormous variety and diversity of advanced materials is a huge challenge for the team of biologists, chemists and toxicologists. Additionally, current topics like labelling of chemicals and additives or nanoplastics in the environment can be found in the section on cross-cutting issues. Conclusions The DaNa knowledge base reliably informs the consumer about potential risks of advanced materials. Scientists will also find results of German projects on advanced materials, SOPs, a SOP template and the literature criteria catalogue for download. For more information, visit www.nanoobjects in new layout.

The eruption of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (corona virus disease, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, and its global spread has led to an exponentially growing number of infected patients, currently exceeding over 6.6 million and over 390,000 deaths as of the 5th of June 2020. In this pandemic situation, health systems have been put under stress, and the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) exceeded the delivery capabilities of suppliers. To address this issue, 3D printing was identified as a possible solution to quickly produce PPE items such as face shields, mask straps, masks, valves, and ear savers. Around the world, companies, universities, research institutions, and private individuals/hobbyists stepped into the void, using their 3D printers to support hospitals, doctors, nursing homes, and even refugee camps by providing them with PPE. In Germany, the makervsvirus movement took up the challenge and connected thousands of end users, makers, companies, and logistic providers for the production and supply of face shields, protective masks, and ear savers. The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) also joined the makervsvirus movement and used its facilities to print headbands for face shield assemblies and ear savers. Within this paper, the challenges and lessons learned from the quick ramp up of a research laboratory to a production site for medium-sized batches of PPE, the limitations in material supply, selection criteria for suitable models, quality measures, and future prospects are reported and conclusions drawn.

Nanomaterials have found their way in our everyday lives via numerous market applications ranging from electronics to the health care system. They offer great innovative potential and are assumed to be beneficial to mankind and the environment. However, consumers, journalists, or regulators often miss reliable and understandable information on nanomaterials and their applications. Communication of scientific facts with the public is an ambitious task as complex issues need to be simplified whilst ensuring scientific correctness. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of nanotechnology, communication on safety aspects is particularly challenging. The DaNa2.0 project (data and knowledge on nanomaterials) is addressing these challenges by collecting and evaluating scientific results. Alongside, a criteria checklist for quality evaluation and management of scientific publications with mandatory and desirable criteria has been developed to ensure a thorough and comprehensive assessment. These evaluated research findings are presented in a worldwide unique knowledge base, correlating material properties and applications, tailored to interested citizens, stakeholders and scientists. The DaNa2.0 platform www.nanoobjects.info offers easy-to-understand, up-to-date and quality-approved information on the 26 most widely used nanomaterials together with FAQs and cross-cutting topics like Nanomedicine. DaNa2.0 is a national project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 03X0131).

This paper presents a safe-by-design approach developed for enhanced inks containing nanomaterials for 3D inkjet printing. Manufactured nanomaterials, like aluminium oxides and zirconium dioxide, are increasingly used for additive manufacturing today. However, the impact and interaction of nanomaterials on human health and the environment are widely discussed today. Our approach aims to describe the safe and sustainable use of nanomaterials for 3D inks. We rely on well-characterised non-toxic nanomaterials; their properties are documented in safety data sheets. In order to identify possible exposure to humans and the environment, we investigate the development of inks and their application in the 3D printing process.

Nanotechnology is closely related to the tailored manufacturing of nanomaterials for a huge variety of applications. However, such applications with newly developed materials are also a reason for concern. The DaNa2.0 project provides information and support for these issues on the web in condensed and easy-to-understand wording. Thus, a key challenge in the field of advanced materials safety research is access to correct and reliable studies and validated results. For nanomaterials, there is currently a continuously increasing amount of publications on toxicological issues, but criteria to evaluate the quality of these studies are necessary to use them e.g., for regulatory purposes. DaNa2.0 discusses scientific results regarding 26 nanomaterials based on actual literature that has been selected after careful evaluation following a literature criteria checklist. This checklist is publicly available, along with a selection of standardized operating protocols (SOPs) established by different projects. The spectrum of information is rounded off by further articles concerning basics or crosscutting topics in nanosafety research. This article is intended to give an overview on DaNa2.0 activities to support reliable toxicity testing and science communication alike.

After 15 years of intense research on the risks of nanomaterials, the evaluation of specific nanomaterials is still difficult. The more research is performed, the more studies which demonstrate critical effects of nanomaterials are published. In this regard, it should be noted that most published studies do not show usable toxicological results, although these are well-cited as such and appear as headlines in the daily press. There is a lack of reliability of the scientific data, especially for nanosafety research. Here, this statement is illustrated by examples and solutions are shown.

ChemBioEng ReviewsVolume 4, Issue 6 p. 329-330 ContentsFree Access Table of Contents: ChemBioEng Reviews 6/2017 First published: 14 December 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201770063AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume4, Issue6December 2017Pages 329-330 RelatedInformation

After 15 years of intense research on the risks of nanomaterials, the evaluation of specific nanomaterials is still difficult. The more research is performed, the more studies which demonstrate critical effects of nanomaterials are published. In this regard, it should be noted that most published studies do not show usable toxicological results, although these are well-cited as such and appear as headlines in the daily press. There is a lack of reliability of the scientific data, especially for nanosafety research. Here, this statement is illustrated by examples and solutions are shown.

Scientists as well as ,,normal citizens'' need reliable information for a fact based public discussion on the safety of nanomaterials. Unfortunately not all published articles on nanomaterials safety research are suitable for a risk assessment. In consequence it is necessary to separate suitable from not suitable articles to extract reliable information. This is the aim of the project DaNa 2.0, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), where literature is transparently assessed against a criteria catalogue. Results are published on the project's website.

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables a new manufacturing paradigm, such as the rapid, distributive manufacture of complex 3D objects. Nanoparticles are in particular suitable for ink formulation of novel PolyJet inks to obtain functionalities embedded in the AM process. However, the impact and interaction of nanomaterials on environment and human health is widely discussed today. This paper deals with a safe-by-design-approach that is developed in this context.

AbstractAuch nach 15 Jahren intensiver Risikoforschung zu Nanomaterialien gestaltet sich die Beurteilung einzelner Materialien noch schwierig. Je länger geforscht wird, umso mehr Studien werden publiziert, die kritische Effekte der Nanomaterialien beobachten. Dabei sollte aber beachtet werden, dass die meisten Studien keine verwertbaren toxikologischen Inhalte haben, auch wenn sie vielfach als solche zitiert und von der Tagespresse aufgegriffen werden. Es mangelt an Verlässlichkeit in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis, insb. in der Nanosicherheitsforschung. Hier wird diese Aussage anhand von Beispielen belegt und Lösungsvorschläge werden aufgezeigt.