The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a more efficiency, high torque density, and high power density, but it suffers from torque ripple. This article describes the electromagnetic (EM) behavior of M19 29Ga material assists PMSM for 310 V, 5 A, and 1500 r/min. In addition, various materials as Losil 34050, Arnon 5, 50M290, M19 USS Transformer 72–29 gauge, and TR80 USS Transformer 80–29 gauge incorporated PMSM and which material has superiority, and with the superiority kept constant, changed the various magnet materials. The EEC 26-T350, MQP-14-12 835995, N45M, Recoma 22, Samarium Cobalt 20/30, Vacodym 890TP, and Vacomax 240 incorporated PMSM also investigated for EM finite-element analysis. The results of this study of the variable as torque ripple forecast the highest torque ( $T_{\mathrm{max}})$ , lowest power output ( $T_{\mathrm{min}})$ , and overall torque ( $T_{\mathrm{avg}})$ . The superior motor among various materials unified PMSM by its ripple and field characteristics. The outcomings of the modeled motor are validated with numerical equations.

ABSTRACT Modeling of solar photovoltaic cell is an essential requirement in the computations involved in solar photovoltaic power systems. Some metaheuristic algorithms are used for determining the cell parameters in the literature, however, more investigation is required with reference to varying solar irradiation and temperature to improve the accuracy of the models. Hence, this paper proposes firefly algorithm for identification of the cell parameters accurate enough to construct the cell characteristics under varying solar irradiation and temperature conditions. Experimental results obtained at standard irradiation and temperature of 1000 W/m2, 25°C, and at other irradiation levels such as 80 0 W/m2 and 600 W/m2, temperature levels such as 40°C and 50°C were presented along with simulated values. The value of series resistance, shunt resistance and diode ideality factor for temperatures from 20°C to 60°C and irradiation of 400 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 are computed using this proposed method. A comparison of the proposed method with other researchers at irradiation of 1000, 800, and 600 W/m2 and 25°C was provided. The results of implementation show that there is a good agreement between computed values and data sheet values. The proposed method will definitely be useful for large scale solar photovoltaic designers, researchers, simulators.

Multilevel inverters (MLI) are preferred for high voltage, medium power applications due to their ability to synthesize the stepped waveform nearly to a sinusoidal voltage. However, it has several issues like, increased number of devices, higher blocking voltage and power loss in higher voltage levels. Additionally, the traditional pulse-width modulation (PWM) applied to MLI is simply an extension of three-level inverter PWM and it becomes cumbersome at higher voltage levels. Therefore, this research article proposes a PWM strategy without carrier and reference signals. This concept equates the area under target fundamental output voltage to that of actual output voltage. In the proposed PWM strategy, a mathematical model is developed to compute the position of the pulse and the width of the pulse using centroid technique and equal area criteria, respectively. The proposed strategy is generalized to any preferred levels with reduced complexity in implementation. The simulation results of the proposed strategy showcase better performance indices. Gate pulses are generated by Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA controller in experimentation. The experimental investigation of the three-phase five-level inverter prototype gives the results confirming the capabilities of the proposed strategy in real-time applications.

In this paper, the design of servo inverter used for an industrial application is presented. In boiler component manufacturing processes, high performance machines are often equipped motion controls consisting of synchronous servo motors and servo inverters. The design of important aspects of servo inverter used in a five axis CNC tube machine are explained. The configuration of main stages of the system such as main dc supply unit, servo inverter drives, servo motors etc. are detailed with relevant illustrations. The servo inverters are supplied with a regenerative power supply unit producing main dc power and are controlled by a CNC controller. The calculation of mechanical power for drives, dc bus continuous and peak power, continuous and peak regenerative power, simultaneity factor are well explained in this paper with a real time comparison. A regenerative power supply unit with smart energy mode to reduce current and power peaks on the mains side is also proposed to limit the maximum device current to 1.1 fold value of the nominal current and to achieve energy savings. This paper will be a good guide for project planning for industrial applications using servo inverter systems.