High-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are urgently required for rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) due to sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) at the air cathode. In this study, an iron single-atom catalyst (Fe-SAC, FeTCPP@UiO-66-80 0) is synthesized by direct pyrolysis of a metalloporphyrin-incorporated multivariate MOF. The spatial separation effect of the framework linkers endows Fe-SAC with hierarchical porosity, improved metal utilization efficiency, and enhanced site accessibility by suppressing the metal agglomeration during pyrolysis. Moreover, the possible formation of di- or tri-atomic iron sites facilitates the OER activity via the oxide pathway mechanism (OPM), contributing to the excellent bifunctional ORR/OER performance with a AE of 0.59 V. Both liquid and flexible ZAB assembled with FeTCPP@UiO-66-80 0 demonstrate enhanced activity, long-term durability, and anti-deformation ability (340.5 mW/cm2 peak power density in liquid device). This study presents a novel strategy for preparing MOF-derived SACs with highly accessible single-atom sites, offering a promising route to high-performance energy conversion devices. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

A core-shell Ni3Fe@FeNi-NC composite catalyst, characterized by robust interactions, was prepared by the direct pyrolysis of a 2D metal-metalloporphyrin framework. The graphitized carbon coating enhanced electron transfer and stability, resulting in superior bifunctional catalytic activity in the ORR/OER and excellent performance in rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries.

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is an essential electrochemical process for the chlor-alkali industry, and the overall kinetics of anodic CER determines the production efficiency and sustainability of chlorine and downstream products. However, the conventional ruthenium/iridium-based dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) face key challenges such as insufficient selectivity, low noble metal utilization, and limited stability under harsh operating conditions, necessitating breakthroughs through mechanism-guided electrocatalyst design. Here, we first elucidate the existing CER reaction mechanism and, in conjunction with the advanced design concepts of high-performance catalysts, conduct an in-depth discussion on the regulation strategies for improving catalytic performance, including tip effect engineering, heteroatom doping, interface engineering, and single-atom catalysis. Also, the indispensability of in-situ/operando spectroscopies is emphasized in establishing the CER dynamic process and structure-activity correlations. Then, the latest advances of high-performance electrocatalysts are discussed systematically, with the highlights toward the application of chlorine and its derivatives in chemical synthesis, electronics manufacturing, and environmental remediation. In closing, we denote the scientific and engineering challenges of CER under complex operational conditions and outlook the future directions for developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the green chlor-alkali industry.

Electrochemically reducing CO2 (CO2RR) to high-value chemical products is recognized as a promising route to simultaneously reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and carbon emission. The fabrication of syngas with an appropriate H2/CO ratio by CO2RR has been widely studied, but the dynamic evolution of the catalyst is still ambiguous. Herein, the reconstruction of CuO/SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) with a heterojunction structure in the CO2RR process was reported by an in situ X-ray diffractometer technique. The products of the CO2RR on the optimized CuO/SnO2 NSs are CO and H2, achieving a nearly 100% total Faraday efficiency. Moreover, the resulting syngas is maintained at a constant 2:1 ratio of H2/CO over a wide potential of -0.8 to -1.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Importantly, the detailed characterizations show that Cu2+ is reduced to Cu during the CO2RR process, while the valence state of Sn remains stable. This study presents strong experimental support for the dynamic evolution process of electrocatalysts in other energy conversion fields.

A highly efficient and organic solvent-free synthetic strategy for the selective oxidation of anilines to azoxybenzenes was developed by employing porous Zr-MOFs as catalysts in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. The impact of cluster nodes, pore size, and linker functionalities on the catalytic performance of Zr-MOFs was fully evaluated and discussed. Featuring abundant bridging Zr-OH-Zr catalytic sites and confined microenvironments, the pristine UiO-66(Zr) could create abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) with high H2O2 efficiency, affording quantitative yield of azoxybenzene under mild conditions. Furthermore, the UiO-66(Zr)/H2O2 heterogeneous catalytic system exhibited broad and size-selective substrate scope and excellent stability in consecutive catalytic cycles. Mechanism studies demonstrated that the azoxybenzenes were produced through radical pathway on bridging Zr-OH-Zr sites. This study provided alternative strategies exploiting green catalytic systems with porous MOFs, which might further expand the potential application of the MOFs family.

The antioxidant potential of a novel stilbene analogue (5-hydroxy-2-[2-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-hexyl-pyridin-4-one) (named SA) along with its application in shrimp refrigeration was investigated. The antioxidant activity of SA was evaluated by determining the radical scavenging ability. Further, the shrimp preservative efficacy of SA was investigated on Penaeus vannamei stored at 4 degrees C by determining the quality indicators. The shelf life of shrimp treated with SA was extended to 10 days, while the shelf life of shrimp treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), kojic acid, and sterile saline was 9, 6, and 4 days, respectively. The shelf life of shrimp was further extended to 12 days when treated with SA in combination with 0.1% citric acid. The residue of SA in shrimp was found to be extremely low even after 12 days of storage. Furthermore, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay indicated that SA was nontoxic to two cell lines. SA could find application in shrimp refrigeration.

BACKGROUND Tyrosinase inhibitors find potential application in food, cosmetic and medicinal products, but most of the identified tyrosinase inhibitors are not suitable for practical use because of safety regulations or other problems. For the purpose of development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors that meet the requirement for practical application, a novel stilbene analogue (SA) was designed. RESULTS SA was found to possess a potent inhibitory effect against both mono- and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase, with IC50 values of 1.56 and 7.15 mu mol L-1, respectively. Compared with a natural tyrosinase inhibitor - kojic acid - the anti-tyrosinase effect of SA was significantly improved. Analysis of inhibition kinetics indicated that SA was a reversible and competitive-noncompetitive mixed-type inhibitor. SA was also found to possess more potent antioxidant activities (DPPH, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability) than those of kojic acid. Cell viability studies revealed that SA was non-toxic to two cell lines. Furthermore, an anti-browning test demonstrated that SA effectively delayed the blackening of shrimp. CONCLUSION SA has potential as an anti-browning agent in foods. (c) 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) in children. Methods: Sixty-two CMT children treated in the clinics of our hospital were collected, and then 62 CMT children treated with manipulation massage were followed up; 23 CMT children receiving surgery in the same period served as controls. Conventional ultrasonography and VTIQ were performed at bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM), and the shear wave velocity (SWV) was measured. Results: In 62 patients and 23 controls, the average SWV of affected SCM was higher than the contralateral SCM. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no marked difference in the SWV of between the affected SCM and healthy SCM after massage (P>0.05). The SWV of SCM after treatment was lower than before treatment. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The SWV of affected SCM in 23 controls was higher than the affected SCM in 62 patients before massage. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions: VTIQ is helpful for the diagnosis of CMT in children and can also be employed for the monitoring of therapeutic effect.

Arthroscopic rotator cuff (RC) repair is now considered as an effective treatment for patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. We reported a new method for repairing a full-thickness RC tear by using the double-row technique with transposition of the long head of biceps (LHB). The novelty of this technique is using the long head of the biceps as an augmentation. The indication of this technique consists of two aspects including LHB lesions and RC tears. Three patients were enrolled. An ideal reconstruction of the anatomic footprint of the tendon and stabilization of glenohumeral joint was achieved after the double-row technique with the transposition of the long head of biceps. At 6-month postoperation, the mean VAS score was 1.23±0.15 and the mean Constant score was 88.00±9.17. Transposition of the long head of biceps is a choice for full-thickness RC tear.

ZA22/Al2O3 composites were prepared by means of squeeze casting process. The effects of Ce on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), impact toughness, and hardness of the composites were studied. The results show that both the UTS and the hardness are improved and the impact toughness is decreased with the increase of the volume fraction of fibers (Vf). After Ce is added, UTS (Vf>15%) and the hardness are improved at room temperature because of the modification of Ce, but the impact toughness and UTS at elevated temperature are lowered. The filtered action of the fiber preform results in that the influence of the amount of Ce added from 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% on the mechanical properties of the composites can be ignored.