Background: Performing all the diagnostic tools before subjecting animals for designed experimental study is time consuming and economically not feasible. Furthermore, it may divert the researchers from original planned work to other areas. But these factors not acceptable to compromise in the assessment of effect of different regenerative agents, drugs and herbal preparation on liver. This is important to prevent any diversions in the actual results of the research due to the prior infection caused by Strobilocercus fasciolaris the lab animals. The study aimed to detect Strobilocercus fasciolaris infected Wistar albino rats using biochemical parameters as a diagnostic marker before subjecting the animals to any designed experimental study. Methods: The study mainly utilizes abdominal exploration, morphological examination of the larvae, histopathological examination of liver and finally the biochemical parameters changes in the concerned animal. 192 animals used for this study in that 32 had single to multiple cysts in the liver on abdominal exploration. Characteristic Strobilocercus larval morphology, histopathological alterations on liver and serological biomarkers was studied. Result: Our results showed that the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, gamma glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein can be used as indicators to measure the severity of Strobilocercus fasciolaris larva infection in rats.

The study was conducted at TVCC-RVP IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly on 34 dogs of two different breeds, i.e.Spitz and Labrador Retriever.Seventeen healthy dogs of each breed were included and randomly divided into three groups of varying ages containing at least 5 animals in each group.M mode echocardiographic parameters were recorded for each animal for left ventricular cardiac measurements.The raw M mode measurements were divided by weight based aortic root dimension to obtain weighted echocardiographic ratio indices which are assumed to be least affected by body weight and size, and can be used for direct comparison between patient groups.Ratio indices were statistically analyzed to determine the effect of varying age and breed.Weighted left ventricular dimensions were correlated with body weight through Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the effect of varying body weight over weighted ratio indices.The results signify a non-significant effect of breed, age, and body weight on derived ratio indices and thus can be suggested to be used for direct comparison for cardiac disease diagnosis in dogs despite of wide range of body weight.

Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a traditional but least explored natural wound dressing agent.Hematobiochemical parameters are important in assessing the deleterious effect of materials used in the wound study.The present study investigated the hematological alterations associated with using ESM as a wound dressing material.Various parameters such as hemoglobin (g/dl), differential leukocyte count (DLC) (%), glucose (mg/dl), and total protein (g/dl) were analyzed at different intervals.The values of heterophile gradually increased up to day 14, then started to decrease in all the groups and returned to normal by day 28.There was a significant decrease in lymphocytes in all the groups as there was an increase in heterophile, reaching the base value by day 28.A significant increase in TP was recorded from day 7 to day 21 in all the groups compared to the day 0 values.There was no significant variation in any of the other parameters evaluated.Overall, using ESM as a wound dressing agent has the least interference with hematological parameters.However, the relative decrease in the number of lymphocytes in DLC may be due to increased heterophils.

Traumatic injuries are common in grey langur (Semnopithecus entellus) and are mostly associated with a fight among themselves. Tooth avulsion and luxation are some of the commonly reported dental emergencies. A 2-year-old male grey langur was presented with a history of dog bite injury on the oral cavity. On general clinical examination, the langur was dull and depressed, with physiological parameters within the normal range. A detailed examination of the oral cavity revealed a lacerated wound on the gum with avulsion of the left central and lateral maxillary incisors. The lateral skull radiograph confirmed teeth avulsion and ruled out the involvement of jaws. The langur was stabilized with fluids (normal saline and DNS @ 5 ml/kg), cefotaxime @ 20 mg/kg, and meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg. General anesthesia was induced with ketamine hydrochloride @ 15 mg/kg intramuscular along with lignocaine infiltration. The oral cavity was cleaned using chlorhexidine gluconate rinse (0.12%). The injured left lower central and lateral incisor teeth were removed. Excess bleeding in the gum was controlled by applying direct pressure using adrenaline-soaked gauze. The torn gum tissue was sutured using polyglactin 910 (3-0) in a simple interrupted pattern to re-approximate the wound edges. Post-bite anti-rabies vaccine and tetanus toxoid were administered subsequently. The animal recovered uneventfully.

Introduction: The shift from manual to machine-based operations has also affected the creation of cartilage defect models. Manual drilling lacks precision and consistency compared to power drills, which offer controlled speed and depth. Moreover, manual burrs may produce defects with irregular edges and uneven surfaces. We introduce a superior method utilizing a power drill with a brad point bit to overcome these limitations, ensuring precision, consistency, and ergonomics. Methods: Our innovative approach uses a brad point drill bit to generate cartilage repair animal models. Tissue sections on day 90 were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Safranin-O, and Masson's trichrome to assess proteoglycan and collagen contents. In contrast, differentiation of hyaline cartilage was evaluated using RGB trichrome staining. Results: This technique can be considered refined compared to conventional methods. The spur-cutting edges bring down splintering, resulting in a smooth, clean defect. The wide flute in the drill bit helps in the smooth and continuous outflow of debris without plugging into the defect. The histological and radiographic findings demonstrated the suitability of these models for proficiently creating and assessing cartilage regeneration over 90 days. Conclusion: Although preliminary findings are promising, further studies will be helpful to standardize and establish this technique. This proof of concept paper provides a foundation for future studies that aim to compare the animal model with other existing models, emphasizing the need for further investigation.

Bone substitutes provide mechanical support to the healing bone and promote osteoconduction. The present study evaluated the effect of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and non-activated platelet-rich plasma (nPRP) to modulate hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP)–based management of rabbit atrophic non-union (ANN) fracture. An in vivo model of ANN fracture was made by creating a 10-mm critical-sized bone defect (CSD) and cauterizing the periosteum (2 mm) of the cut radial diaphysis ends of 24 adult New Zealand white rabbits. Once non-union was confirmed on the 30th post-operative day, the rabbits were randomly distributed to four groups, each containing six rabbits. The gap defect was filled with HA-TCP granules in all the groups. In addition to HA-TCP, autologous nPRP was injected into the defect site in group B, autologous SVF in group C, and autologous nPRP and SVF in group D. Bone healing was evaluated based on radiological observations, gross observations, and histological evaluation. The radiological, gross, and histological scores revealed that group D exhibited superior healing, followed by groups C and B. Group A exhibited the least healing. Adding non-cultured SVF and nPRP to HA-TCP granules could induce significantly better healing than other treatments. Treatment of the defect with HA-TCP granules alone cannot induce appreciable osteogenesis in ANN fractures. The combined use of SVF and nPRP may result in better bone healing due to the combined effect. The finding from this study indicates that the combined use of nPRP (a source of growth factor), SVF (a source of cells with regenerative potential), and bone substitute (scaffold) helped accelerate the healing of atrophic non-union fractures.

Biomaterials capable of managing wounds should have essential features like providing a natural microenvironment for wound healing and as support material for stimulating tissue growth. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a highly produced global waste due to increased egg consumption. The unique and fascinating properties of ESM allow their potential application in tissue regeneration. The wound healing capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), ESM, and their combination in rabbits with full-thickness skin defect (2 × 2 cm2) was evaluated. Twenty-five clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits were divided into five groups of five animals each, with group A receiving no treatment (control group), group B receiving only fibrin glue (FG), group C receiving FG and ESM as a dressing, group D receiving FG and BM-MSCs, and group E receiving a combination of FG, ESM, and BM-MSCs. Wound healing was assessed using clinical, macroscopical, photographic, histological, histochemical, hematological, and biochemical analysis. Macroscopic examination of wounds revealed that healing was exceptional in group E, followed by groups D and C, compared to the control group. Histopathological findings revealed improved quality and a faster rate of healing in group E compared to groups A and B. In addition, healing in group B treated with topical FG alone was nearly identical to that in control group A. However, groups C and D showed improved and faster recovery than control groups A and B. The macroscopic, photographic, histological, and histochemical evaluations revealed that the combined use of BM-MSCs, ESM, and FG had superior and faster healing than the other groups.

: Xenografts are considered as an alternative strategy to restore a critical sized bone defect. The present study was conducted to standardize the technique for seeding and cryopreservation of decellularized bubaline cancellous bone with Guinea pig fetal osteoblast for the development of a composite bone xenograft. The composite bone grafts were prepared by seeding the expanded osteoblasts on the acellular bubaline cancellous bone matrix. The foetal osteoblast seeded scaffold, acellular bone scaffold, and native bovine bone were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological examination. Composite bone xenograft was cryopreserved in 10% glycerol at - 80°C for three months and evaluated for post-thaw viability. Findings from the in vitro study suggested that the seeding of acellular scaffold was adequate, and osteoblasts had good adhesion and proliferation inside pores of acellular bone matrix. Histologically the integrity of collagen matrix was best preserved in the acellular group as compared to the freshly seeded and cryopreserved scaffold. The osteoblast seeded decellularized bubaline cancellous bone xenografts can be preserved for three months with adequate cell viability in the post-thaw evaluation at – 80°C in sterile tubes containing 10% glycerol as the cryoprotectant.

Background and aim: The currently available atrophic non-union models rely on wide segmental excision of bone diaphysis to impede the process of healing but lack resemblance to the clinical scenario. The present study focused on developing an in vivo model of atrophic non-union fracture in rabbit radius that can replicate the clinical scenario. Materials and methods: The atrophic non-union fracture model was developed by creating a 10 mm segmental bone defect in the radial diaphysis of five adult New Zealand White rabbits. The periosteum (2 mm) of the cut bone ends was cauterized using electrocautery to induce atrophy. Atrophic non-union was confirmed using radiographic and histologic evaluations on 30th postoperative day. Results: The radiographic signs of healing were completely absent in all the rabbits on 30th postoperative day, indicating inert bone ends. Histological findings further confirmed the presence of inert bone ends, indicating the development of atrophic non-union. Conclusion: The combination of the segmental bone defect, electrocautery induced thermal damage of bone end periosteum, and delayed treatment can induce the development of atrophic non-union fracture model in rabbits that can replicate the clinical scenario.

Ranula refers to accumulation of extra-glandular saliva in the floor of the mouth interfering the normal feeding. A male buffalo calf, age of 6 months had bilateral sublingual sialocele (ranula) showing difficulty to masticate and drink water. Bilateral ranula was excised elliptically to facilitate dynamic fluid/saliva drainage and marsupialisation performed under anesthesia. Animal showed uneventful recovery without any postoperative complications.

Background and objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a category of platelet concentrate that has been widely used as a therapeutic modality in musculoskeletal medicine. The present study was conducted to classify and code the non-activated platelet-rich plasma (nPRP) derived from New Zealand white rabbits for tissue engineering and other regenerative medicine applications. Methods PRP was prepared from the whole blood by double centrifugation protocol using a laboratory centrifuge. The prepared nPRP was characterized using the parameters such as platelet dose, the relative composition of platelets, WBC, and RBC. The production protocol was described using the parameters such as platelet enrichment factor, factor increase in WBC concentration, platelet capture efficiency, WBC-reducing efficiency, and RBC-reducing efficiency. The nPRP was also classified and coded using the most recent and universally accepted classification and coding systems. Results The non-activated leukocyte-poor red cell-rich PRP had an average platelet count of 1875.75 x 10(9)/L, which is higher than the basal platelet concentration in the whole blood. Furthermore, the protocol used in this study has a mean platelet capture efficiency of 47.43 +/- 6.42%. Conclusion The protocol described in this study can be used to prepare non-activated leukocyte-poor red cell-rich PRP (Red-PRP IC1) from rabbits that can be coded as 318-00-00.

Parathormone is a key polypeptide hormone controlling bone remodeling by influencing calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D homeostasis in mammalian body. This report describes unusual presentation of osteodystrophy causing facial hyperostosis due to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a puppy. A female Labrador Retriever dog aged 5 months was presented with progressive bilaterally symmetrical swelling on facial region, hypersalivation, and reduced growth rate. Excessive meat intake in daily ration since weaning was reported. Clinical examination revealed dyspnoea, open mouth breathing, epiphora, excessive nasal secretions, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, debility, loosely attached teeth, and pigmented oral mucosa of the upper jaw. Microcytic anemia, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytopenia, hypoproteinemia with hypoglobulinemia, hyperalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and decreased Ca:P ratio were evident in the hemato-biochemical study. Lateral radiographic view of the head revealed hyperostosis of the facial bones with irregularly arranged teeth on the upper jaw. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism–induced facial osteodystrophy was diagnosed in the animal based on the history and other supporting clinical evidence. The animal was treated with a protocol extending for 4 weeks using calcium, calcitriol, essential minerals, vitamins, and steroids. The animal showed considerable improvement on day 14 and regained normal facial architecture by day 28 of the therapy.

Background and Aim: Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a heterogeneous cell population comprising multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. Regenerative therapy using adipose-derived SVF has broad applications in bone tissue engineering due to the superior osteogenic potential of SVF. This study was designed to standardize and characterize adipose-derived SVF obtained from New Zealand white rabbits for bone tissue engineering and other potential applications. Materials and Methods: Ten skeletally mature and clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. The SVF was prepared using surgically resected interscapular adipose tissue following enzymatic digestion with 0.1% collagenase type I solution. The SVF pellet obtained after the final centrifugation step was suspended in a 0.5 mL control solution to obtain ready-to-use adipose-derived SVF. The freshly prepared SVF was characterized based on the total SVF cell count and cell yield per gram of adipose tissue. The SVF cells were enumerated using a hemocytometer. Results: Interscapular adipose tissue depots are ideal for preparing autologous adipose-derived SVF due to the ease of access. The interscapular adipose-derived SVF prepared by enzymatic digestion had an average cell yield of 3.15±0.09×106 cells/g adipose tissue. Freshly prepared SVF had a total cell count of 3.15±0.09×104 cells/μL. Conclusion: The enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue using 0.1% collagenase resulted in better cell yield per gram than methods previously reported in rabbits. The use of adipose-derived SVF can preclude the requirement for an additional culture period. In addition, it may also reduce the risk of extensive cell contamination, which makes it a safe and cost-effective strategy for bone tissue engineering applications.

A 5 Year old bullock presented with the history of horn gore trauma on right flank region and not passed dung since last 5 days.On palpation intestinal loops were palpable like clumsy feel on right flank just beneath skin.With this we diagnosed tentatively the case as traumatic hernia.On exploration of right flank laparotomy confirmed muscle rupture and mild peritonitis.The rent was supported by outlay tethering of polypropylene mesh size 6"× 8".The muscle and skin closed with simple interrupted pattern suture pattern.Post operative antibiotic, analgesic and indoor care maintained for 5 days.12 th postoperative day skin suture removed and animal returned to its activity after 3 months of surgery.